Research Article
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Year 2021, Volume: 61 Issue: 1, 28 - 36, 01.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.46897/livestockstudies.610105

Abstract

References

  • Ahmed, A. A., Bassuony, N. I., Awad, S., El-Habiab, S., Aiad, A. M., & Mohamed, S. A. (2009). Adding natural juice of vegetable and fruitage to ruminant diets (B) nutrients utilization, microbial safety and immunity, effect of diets supplemented with lemon, onion and garlic juice fed to growing buffalo calves. World J. Agric. Sci. 5(4): 456-465.
  • Akgun, N. (1989). Egzersiz fizyolojisi, 1. Baskı, Ankara.(In Turkish)
  • AOAC (1990). ‘Official Methods of Analysis, Method 954.01 and Method 920.39, protein (crude) and fat (crude) or ether extract in animal feed.’ 15th edn., (AOAC International, Arlington, VA).
  • Anadon, N. A. (2006). The EU ban of antibiotics as feed additives: Alternatives and consumers safety. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 29(1): 41-46.
  • Bampidis, V. A., Christodoulou, V., Florou-Paneri, P., Christaki, E., Spais, A. B., & Chatzopolou, P. S. (2005). Effect of dietary dried oregano leaves supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of growing lambs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 121: 285-295. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.02.002.
  • Caponio, F., Alloggio, V., & Gomes, T. (1999). Phenolic compounds of virgin olive oil: influence of paste preparation techniques. Food Chem. 64: 203-209.
  • Chaves, A. V., Stanford, K., Gibson, L. L., McAllister, T. A., & Benchaar, C. (2008). Effects of carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde on intake, rumen fermentation, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of growing lambs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 145: 396-408. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.04.016.
  • Davis, C. L., & Drackley, J. K. (1998). The development, nutrition and management of the young calf. Iowa State University Press, 339 pp.
  • Djeridane, A., Yousfi, M., Nadjemi, B., Boutassouna, D., Stocker, P., & Vidal, N. (2006). Antioxidant activity some Algerian medicinal plants extracts containing phenolic compounds. Food Chem. 97: 654-660. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.04.028.
  • El-Ashry, M. A., El-Bordery, N. E., Khattab, H. M., & El-Sayed, H. M. (2006). Effect of diet supplemented with medicinal herbs on nutrient digestibility and some blood parameters of buffalo calves. Egyptian J. Nutr. Feeds. 2: 179-191.
  • Elmastas, M., Gulcin, I., Beydemir, S., Kufrevioglu, O. I., & Aboul-Enein, H. Y. (2006). A study on the in vitro antioxidant activity of Juniper (Juniper communis L.) fruit extracts. Anal. Lett. 39(1): 47-65. DOI: 10.1080/00032710500423385.
  • European Phamacopoeia (1975). European Pharmacopoeia. 3. Maissonneuve. Sainte-Ruffine, p.68.
  • Franz, C., Baser, K. H. C., & Windisch, W. (2010). Essential oils and aromatic plants in animal feeding a European perspective: a review. Flavour Fragr. J. 25: 327-340. DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1967.
  • Ghosh, S., Mehla, R. K., Sirohi, S. K., & Roy, B. (2010). The effect of dietary garlic supplementation on body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, faecal score, faecal coliform count and feeding cost in crossbred dairy calves. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 42: 961-968. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-009-9514-5.
  • Ghosh, S., Mehla, R. K., Sirohi, S. K., & Tomar, S. K. (2011). Performance of crossbred calves with dietary supplementation of garlic extract. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 95: 449-455. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01071.x.
  • Greathead, H. M. R., Forbes, J. M., Beaumont, D., & Kamel, C. (2000). The effect of a formulation of natural essential oils used as an additives with milk replacer and a compound feed on the feed efficiency of calves. British Society of Animal Sciences, Annual Winter Meeting, pp.68.
  • Griffin, D. (1997). Economic impact associated with respiratory disease in beef cattle. Vet. Clin. N. Am. Food A. 13: 367-377. DOI: 10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30302-9.
  • Goetz, D. H., Holmes, M. A., Borregaard, N., Bluhm, M. E., Raymond, K. N., & Strong, R. K. (2002). The neutrophil lipocalin NGAL is a bacteriostatic agent that interferes with siderophore-mediated iron acquisition. Mol. Cell. 10(5): 1033-1043. DOI: 10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00708-6.
  • Gunes, V. (2018). Respiratory disease of calves. Lalahan Hayvancilik Arastırma Enstitusu Dergisi (Livestock Studies), 58 (Special Issue): 35-40 (In Turkish).
  • Heinrichs, A. J., Jonel, C. M., Van Roekel, L. R., & Fowler, M. A. (2003) Calf track: A system of dairy calf work force management, training and evaluation and health evaluation. J. Dairy Sci. 86(1): 115.
  • Ishihara, N., Chu, D. C., Akachi, S., & Junera, L. R. (2001). Improvement of intestinal microflora balance and prevention of digestive and respiratory organ disease in calves by green tes extracts. Livest. Prod. Sci. 68: 217-229. DOI: 10.1016/s0301-6226(00)00233-5.
  • Isik, A. R., Ozkaya, S., Erbas, S., & Koknaroglu, H. (2020). Determination of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus L.) essential oils and aromatic water. Erciyes Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg. 17(2): 88-94. DOI: 10.32707/ercivet.760632.
  • Jamroz, D., Wertelecki, T., Houszka, M., & Kamel, C. (2006). Influence of diet type on the inclusion of plant origin active substances on morphological and histochemical characteristics of the stomach and jejunum walls in chicken. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 90: 255-268. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2005.00603.x.
  • Kehoe, S. I., Dechow, C. D., & Heinrichs, A. J. (2007). Effects of weaning age and milk feeding frequency on dairy calf growth, health and rumen parameters. Livest. Sci. 110: 267-272. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2006.11.007.
  • Latimer, K. S., Mahaffey, E. A., & Prasse, K. W. (2003). Duncan and Prasse’s Veterinary Laboratory Medicine: Clinical Pathology, 4th Edn. 331-338.
  • Lesjak, M. M. (2011). Biopotential and chemical characterization of extracts and essential oils of species from Juniperus L. genus (Cupressaceae). PhD Thesis, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Serbia.
  • Lewis, M. R., Rose, S. P., Mackenzie, A. M., & Tucker, L. A (2003). Effects of dietary inclusion of plant extracts on the growth performance of male broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 44 (Suppl. 1): S43-S44. DOI: 10.1080/713655281.
  • Loizzo, M. R., Tundis, R., Statti, G. A., Milijkovic-Brake, A., Menichini, F., & Houghton, P. J. (2006). Bioactive extracts from Senecio samnitum Huet. Nat. Prod. Res. 20(3): 265-269. DOI: 10.1080/14786410500077823.
  • Li, S. Y., Ru, Y. J., Liu, M., Xu, B., Peron, A., & Shi, X. G. (2012a). The effects of essential oils on performance, immunity and gut microbial population in weaned pigs. Livest. Sci. 145: 119-123. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012.01.005.
  • Li, P. F., Piao, X. S., Ru, Y. J., Han, X., Xue, L. F., & Zhang, H. Y. (2012b). Effects of adding essential oil to the diet of weaned pigs on performance, nutrient utilization, immune response and intestinal health. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 25: 1617-1626. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12292.
  • Maurao, J. L., Pinheiro, V., Alves, A., Guedes, C. M., Pinto, L., Saavedra, M. J., Spring, P., & Kocher, A. (2006). Effect of mannan oligosaccharides on the performance, intestinal morphology and cecal fermentation of fattening rabbits. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 25: 107-120. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.06.009.
  • Menconi, M., Sgherri, C. L. M., Pinzino, C., & Navari-Izzo, F. (1995). Activated oxygen production and detoxification in wheat plants subjected to a water deficit programme. J. Exp. Bot. 46(9): 1123-1130. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/46.9.1123.
  • Miceli, N., Trovato, A., Dugo, P., Cacciola, F., Donato, P., Marino, A., Bellinghieri, V., La Barbera, T. M., Guvenc, A., & Taviano, M. F. (2009). Comparative analysis of flavonoid profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the berries of Juniperus communis L. var. communis and Juniperus communis L. var. saxatilis Pall. from Turkey. J. Agric. Food Chem. 57(15): 6570-6577. DOI: 10.1021/jf9012295.
  • Miceli, N., Trovato, A., Marino, A., Bellingheri, V., Melchini, A., Dugo, P., Cacciola, F., Donato, P., Mondello, L., Guvenc, A., De Pasquale, R., & Taviano, M. F. (2011).
  • Phenolic composition and biological activities of Juniperus drupacea Labill. berries from Turkey. Food Chem. Toxicol. 49(10): 2600-2608. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.07.004. NAHMS (2007). National Animal Health Monitoring Systems, Part 1: Reference of dairy health management in the United States. USDA-APHIS; VS; CEAH.-Veterinary Services, Fort Collins, CO #N480.1007.
  • Larson, L. L., Owen, F. G., Albright, J. L., Appleman, R. D., Lamb, R. C., & Muller, L. D. (1977). Guidelines toward uniformity in measuring and reporting calf experimental data. J. Dairy Sci. 60: 989-991. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(77)83975-1.
  • Oyaizu, M. (1986). Studies on product of browing reaction. Antioxidative activities of products of browing reaction prepared from glucose amine. Jpn. J. Nutr. Diet. 44: 307-315. DOI: 10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.44.307.
  • Ozkaya, S., Erbas, S., Ozkan, O., Baydar, H., & Aksu, T. (2018). Effect of supplementing milk replacer with aromatic oregano (Oreganum onites L.) water on performance, immunity and general health profiles of Holstein calves. Anim. Prod. Sci. 58: 1892-1900. DOI: 10.1071/AN16574.
  • Plumb, D. C. (2005). Plumb’s veterinary drug handbook, 5th edition, pp. 1241-1249.
  • Sajjadi, R., Solati, A. A., Motlagh, M. K., & Bonchenari, M. K. (2014). Immune response and some blood metabolite responses of female Holstein calves to dietary supplementation with licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra). Iran. J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 4(3): 505-508.
  • Sharma, P., Mack, J. P., & Rojtman, A. (2013). Ten highly effective essential oils inhibit growth of methicilin resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) and methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus (MSSA). Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 51(1): 52-54.
  • Shimada, K., Fulikawa, K., Yahara, K., & Nakamura, T. (1992). Antioxidative properties of xanthan of the autoxidation on soybean oil in cyclodextrin emulsion. J. Agric. Food Chem. 40: 945-948. DOI: 10.1021/jf00018a005.
  • Smith, R. A. (2000). Effects of feedlot disease on economics, production and carcass. Bovine Pract. 33: 125-128.
  • Singleton, V. L., & Rossi, J. R. (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolibdic-phoshothungstic acid. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 16: 144-158.
  • Soltan, M. A. (2009). Effect of essential oil supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, health condition of Holstein male calves during pre- and post-weaning periods. Pak. J. Nutr. 8(5): 642-652. DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2009.642.652.

The Effects of Supplementing Whole Milk with Juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus) Aromatic Water on Growth and General Health Parameters of Holstein Calves

Year 2021, Volume: 61 Issue: 1, 28 - 36, 01.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.46897/livestockstudies.610105

Abstract

The illness of the calves during the suckling period suppresses the growth of calves and causes them to be removed from the breeders. In the present study, it was investigated whether Juniper aromatic water (JOW) would be suitable for promoting healthy growth performance of suckling Holstein calves. Twelve newborn calves (n=3, in each group) were randomly selected and assigned to the following four treatments: Control, 50, 100 and 200 ml JOW supplemented milk per day. The supplementation of JOW showed an increase in calves’ live weight and body measurements. In addition, the supplementation of whole milk with JOW decreased the frequency of occurrence of calves’ diarrhea and disease. The best result was observed in the supplementation of whole milk with 50 ml JOW. The findings of the study showed that Juniper aromatic water, a by-product, can be used safely in the healthy rearing of calves.

References

  • Ahmed, A. A., Bassuony, N. I., Awad, S., El-Habiab, S., Aiad, A. M., & Mohamed, S. A. (2009). Adding natural juice of vegetable and fruitage to ruminant diets (B) nutrients utilization, microbial safety and immunity, effect of diets supplemented with lemon, onion and garlic juice fed to growing buffalo calves. World J. Agric. Sci. 5(4): 456-465.
  • Akgun, N. (1989). Egzersiz fizyolojisi, 1. Baskı, Ankara.(In Turkish)
  • AOAC (1990). ‘Official Methods of Analysis, Method 954.01 and Method 920.39, protein (crude) and fat (crude) or ether extract in animal feed.’ 15th edn., (AOAC International, Arlington, VA).
  • Anadon, N. A. (2006). The EU ban of antibiotics as feed additives: Alternatives and consumers safety. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 29(1): 41-46.
  • Bampidis, V. A., Christodoulou, V., Florou-Paneri, P., Christaki, E., Spais, A. B., & Chatzopolou, P. S. (2005). Effect of dietary dried oregano leaves supplementation on performance and carcass characteristics of growing lambs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 121: 285-295. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.02.002.
  • Caponio, F., Alloggio, V., & Gomes, T. (1999). Phenolic compounds of virgin olive oil: influence of paste preparation techniques. Food Chem. 64: 203-209.
  • Chaves, A. V., Stanford, K., Gibson, L. L., McAllister, T. A., & Benchaar, C. (2008). Effects of carvacrol and cinnamaldehyde on intake, rumen fermentation, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of growing lambs. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 145: 396-408. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.04.016.
  • Davis, C. L., & Drackley, J. K. (1998). The development, nutrition and management of the young calf. Iowa State University Press, 339 pp.
  • Djeridane, A., Yousfi, M., Nadjemi, B., Boutassouna, D., Stocker, P., & Vidal, N. (2006). Antioxidant activity some Algerian medicinal plants extracts containing phenolic compounds. Food Chem. 97: 654-660. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.04.028.
  • El-Ashry, M. A., El-Bordery, N. E., Khattab, H. M., & El-Sayed, H. M. (2006). Effect of diet supplemented with medicinal herbs on nutrient digestibility and some blood parameters of buffalo calves. Egyptian J. Nutr. Feeds. 2: 179-191.
  • Elmastas, M., Gulcin, I., Beydemir, S., Kufrevioglu, O. I., & Aboul-Enein, H. Y. (2006). A study on the in vitro antioxidant activity of Juniper (Juniper communis L.) fruit extracts. Anal. Lett. 39(1): 47-65. DOI: 10.1080/00032710500423385.
  • European Phamacopoeia (1975). European Pharmacopoeia. 3. Maissonneuve. Sainte-Ruffine, p.68.
  • Franz, C., Baser, K. H. C., & Windisch, W. (2010). Essential oils and aromatic plants in animal feeding a European perspective: a review. Flavour Fragr. J. 25: 327-340. DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1967.
  • Ghosh, S., Mehla, R. K., Sirohi, S. K., & Roy, B. (2010). The effect of dietary garlic supplementation on body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency, faecal score, faecal coliform count and feeding cost in crossbred dairy calves. Trop. Anim. Health Prod. 42: 961-968. DOI: 10.1007/s11250-009-9514-5.
  • Ghosh, S., Mehla, R. K., Sirohi, S. K., & Tomar, S. K. (2011). Performance of crossbred calves with dietary supplementation of garlic extract. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 95: 449-455. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2010.01071.x.
  • Greathead, H. M. R., Forbes, J. M., Beaumont, D., & Kamel, C. (2000). The effect of a formulation of natural essential oils used as an additives with milk replacer and a compound feed on the feed efficiency of calves. British Society of Animal Sciences, Annual Winter Meeting, pp.68.
  • Griffin, D. (1997). Economic impact associated with respiratory disease in beef cattle. Vet. Clin. N. Am. Food A. 13: 367-377. DOI: 10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30302-9.
  • Goetz, D. H., Holmes, M. A., Borregaard, N., Bluhm, M. E., Raymond, K. N., & Strong, R. K. (2002). The neutrophil lipocalin NGAL is a bacteriostatic agent that interferes with siderophore-mediated iron acquisition. Mol. Cell. 10(5): 1033-1043. DOI: 10.1016/S1097-2765(02)00708-6.
  • Gunes, V. (2018). Respiratory disease of calves. Lalahan Hayvancilik Arastırma Enstitusu Dergisi (Livestock Studies), 58 (Special Issue): 35-40 (In Turkish).
  • Heinrichs, A. J., Jonel, C. M., Van Roekel, L. R., & Fowler, M. A. (2003) Calf track: A system of dairy calf work force management, training and evaluation and health evaluation. J. Dairy Sci. 86(1): 115.
  • Ishihara, N., Chu, D. C., Akachi, S., & Junera, L. R. (2001). Improvement of intestinal microflora balance and prevention of digestive and respiratory organ disease in calves by green tes extracts. Livest. Prod. Sci. 68: 217-229. DOI: 10.1016/s0301-6226(00)00233-5.
  • Isik, A. R., Ozkaya, S., Erbas, S., & Koknaroglu, H. (2020). Determination of antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus L.) essential oils and aromatic water. Erciyes Üniv. Vet. Fak. Derg. 17(2): 88-94. DOI: 10.32707/ercivet.760632.
  • Jamroz, D., Wertelecki, T., Houszka, M., & Kamel, C. (2006). Influence of diet type on the inclusion of plant origin active substances on morphological and histochemical characteristics of the stomach and jejunum walls in chicken. J. Anim. Physiol. Anim. Nutr. 90: 255-268. DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2005.00603.x.
  • Kehoe, S. I., Dechow, C. D., & Heinrichs, A. J. (2007). Effects of weaning age and milk feeding frequency on dairy calf growth, health and rumen parameters. Livest. Sci. 110: 267-272. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2006.11.007.
  • Latimer, K. S., Mahaffey, E. A., & Prasse, K. W. (2003). Duncan and Prasse’s Veterinary Laboratory Medicine: Clinical Pathology, 4th Edn. 331-338.
  • Lesjak, M. M. (2011). Biopotential and chemical characterization of extracts and essential oils of species from Juniperus L. genus (Cupressaceae). PhD Thesis, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Serbia.
  • Lewis, M. R., Rose, S. P., Mackenzie, A. M., & Tucker, L. A (2003). Effects of dietary inclusion of plant extracts on the growth performance of male broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 44 (Suppl. 1): S43-S44. DOI: 10.1080/713655281.
  • Loizzo, M. R., Tundis, R., Statti, G. A., Milijkovic-Brake, A., Menichini, F., & Houghton, P. J. (2006). Bioactive extracts from Senecio samnitum Huet. Nat. Prod. Res. 20(3): 265-269. DOI: 10.1080/14786410500077823.
  • Li, S. Y., Ru, Y. J., Liu, M., Xu, B., Peron, A., & Shi, X. G. (2012a). The effects of essential oils on performance, immunity and gut microbial population in weaned pigs. Livest. Sci. 145: 119-123. DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2012.01.005.
  • Li, P. F., Piao, X. S., Ru, Y. J., Han, X., Xue, L. F., & Zhang, H. Y. (2012b). Effects of adding essential oil to the diet of weaned pigs on performance, nutrient utilization, immune response and intestinal health. Asian-Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 25: 1617-1626. DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2012.12292.
  • Maurao, J. L., Pinheiro, V., Alves, A., Guedes, C. M., Pinto, L., Saavedra, M. J., Spring, P., & Kocher, A. (2006). Effect of mannan oligosaccharides on the performance, intestinal morphology and cecal fermentation of fattening rabbits. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 25: 107-120. DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.06.009.
  • Menconi, M., Sgherri, C. L. M., Pinzino, C., & Navari-Izzo, F. (1995). Activated oxygen production and detoxification in wheat plants subjected to a water deficit programme. J. Exp. Bot. 46(9): 1123-1130. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/46.9.1123.
  • Miceli, N., Trovato, A., Dugo, P., Cacciola, F., Donato, P., Marino, A., Bellinghieri, V., La Barbera, T. M., Guvenc, A., & Taviano, M. F. (2009). Comparative analysis of flavonoid profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of the berries of Juniperus communis L. var. communis and Juniperus communis L. var. saxatilis Pall. from Turkey. J. Agric. Food Chem. 57(15): 6570-6577. DOI: 10.1021/jf9012295.
  • Miceli, N., Trovato, A., Marino, A., Bellingheri, V., Melchini, A., Dugo, P., Cacciola, F., Donato, P., Mondello, L., Guvenc, A., De Pasquale, R., & Taviano, M. F. (2011).
  • Phenolic composition and biological activities of Juniperus drupacea Labill. berries from Turkey. Food Chem. Toxicol. 49(10): 2600-2608. DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.07.004. NAHMS (2007). National Animal Health Monitoring Systems, Part 1: Reference of dairy health management in the United States. USDA-APHIS; VS; CEAH.-Veterinary Services, Fort Collins, CO #N480.1007.
  • Larson, L. L., Owen, F. G., Albright, J. L., Appleman, R. D., Lamb, R. C., & Muller, L. D. (1977). Guidelines toward uniformity in measuring and reporting calf experimental data. J. Dairy Sci. 60: 989-991. DOI: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(77)83975-1.
  • Oyaizu, M. (1986). Studies on product of browing reaction. Antioxidative activities of products of browing reaction prepared from glucose amine. Jpn. J. Nutr. Diet. 44: 307-315. DOI: 10.5264/eiyogakuzashi.44.307.
  • Ozkaya, S., Erbas, S., Ozkan, O., Baydar, H., & Aksu, T. (2018). Effect of supplementing milk replacer with aromatic oregano (Oreganum onites L.) water on performance, immunity and general health profiles of Holstein calves. Anim. Prod. Sci. 58: 1892-1900. DOI: 10.1071/AN16574.
  • Plumb, D. C. (2005). Plumb’s veterinary drug handbook, 5th edition, pp. 1241-1249.
  • Sajjadi, R., Solati, A. A., Motlagh, M. K., & Bonchenari, M. K. (2014). Immune response and some blood metabolite responses of female Holstein calves to dietary supplementation with licorice root (Glycyrrhiza glabra). Iran. J. Appl. Anim. Sci. 4(3): 505-508.
  • Sharma, P., Mack, J. P., & Rojtman, A. (2013). Ten highly effective essential oils inhibit growth of methicilin resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) and methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus Aureus (MSSA). Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci. 51(1): 52-54.
  • Shimada, K., Fulikawa, K., Yahara, K., & Nakamura, T. (1992). Antioxidative properties of xanthan of the autoxidation on soybean oil in cyclodextrin emulsion. J. Agric. Food Chem. 40: 945-948. DOI: 10.1021/jf00018a005.
  • Smith, R. A. (2000). Effects of feedlot disease on economics, production and carcass. Bovine Pract. 33: 125-128.
  • Singleton, V. L., & Rossi, J. R. (1965). Colorimetry of total phenolics with phosphomolibdic-phoshothungstic acid. Am. J. Enol. Vitic. 16: 144-158.
  • Soltan, M. A. (2009). Effect of essential oil supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, health condition of Holstein male calves during pre- and post-weaning periods. Pak. J. Nutr. 8(5): 642-652. DOI: 10.3923/pjn.2009.642.652.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Zootechny (Other)
Journal Section 61-1
Authors

Ali Riza Isik This is me

Serkan Özkaya This is me

Publication Date July 1, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 61 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Isik, A. R., & Özkaya, S. (2021). The Effects of Supplementing Whole Milk with Juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus) Aromatic Water on Growth and General Health Parameters of Holstein Calves. Livestock Studies, 61(1), 28-36. https://doi.org/10.46897/livestockstudies.610105
AMA Isik AR, Özkaya S. The Effects of Supplementing Whole Milk with Juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus) Aromatic Water on Growth and General Health Parameters of Holstein Calves. Livestock Studies. July 2021;61(1):28-36. doi:10.46897/livestockstudies.610105
Chicago Isik, Ali Riza, and Serkan Özkaya. “The Effects of Supplementing Whole Milk With Juniper (Juniperus Oxycedrus) Aromatic Water on Growth and General Health Parameters of Holstein Calves”. Livestock Studies 61, no. 1 (July 2021): 28-36. https://doi.org/10.46897/livestockstudies.610105.
EndNote Isik AR, Özkaya S (July 1, 2021) The Effects of Supplementing Whole Milk with Juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus) Aromatic Water on Growth and General Health Parameters of Holstein Calves. Livestock Studies 61 1 28–36.
IEEE A. R. Isik and S. Özkaya, “The Effects of Supplementing Whole Milk with Juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus) Aromatic Water on Growth and General Health Parameters of Holstein Calves”, Livestock Studies, vol. 61, no. 1, pp. 28–36, 2021, doi: 10.46897/livestockstudies.610105.
ISNAD Isik, Ali Riza - Özkaya, Serkan. “The Effects of Supplementing Whole Milk With Juniper (Juniperus Oxycedrus) Aromatic Water on Growth and General Health Parameters of Holstein Calves”. Livestock Studies 61/1 (July 2021), 28-36. https://doi.org/10.46897/livestockstudies.610105.
JAMA Isik AR, Özkaya S. The Effects of Supplementing Whole Milk with Juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus) Aromatic Water on Growth and General Health Parameters of Holstein Calves. Livestock Studies. 2021;61:28–36.
MLA Isik, Ali Riza and Serkan Özkaya. “The Effects of Supplementing Whole Milk With Juniper (Juniperus Oxycedrus) Aromatic Water on Growth and General Health Parameters of Holstein Calves”. Livestock Studies, vol. 61, no. 1, 2021, pp. 28-36, doi:10.46897/livestockstudies.610105.
Vancouver Isik AR, Özkaya S. The Effects of Supplementing Whole Milk with Juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus) Aromatic Water on Growth and General Health Parameters of Holstein Calves. Livestock Studies. 2021;61(1):28-36.