SAĞLIKLI BİREYLERDE PROPRİOSEPTİF NÖROMÜSKÜLER FASİLİTASYON PATERNLERİ SIRASINDA KAS AKTİVASYONUNUN ELEKTROMİYOGRAFİK KANITI: KAPSAMLI BİR İNCELEME

Abstract

Amaç: Proprioseptif Nöromüsküler Fasilitasyon (PNF) konsepti, rehabilitasyon müdahalelerini vücut fonksiyonları/yapıları ve aktivite kısıtlılıklarını hedef alacak şekilde yapılandırır. Bu kapsamlı derleme çalışmasının amacı, sağlıklı bireylerde PNF paternleri sırasında kas aktivitesine ilişkin mevcut elektromiyografik araştırmaları belirlemek ve özetlemektir. Yöntem: PubMed, PEDro, SCOPUS ve Web of Science veri tabanlarında 1980 ile Ekim 2025 tarihleri arasında yayımlanan çalışmalar kapsamlı bir şekilde taranmıştır. Çalışmalar, aşağıdaki kriterleri karşılamaları durumunda dâhil edilmiştir: (i) 18–65 yaş arası sağlıklı bireylerin dâhil edilmesi, (ii) PNF diyagonal paternlerinin ve temel fasilitasyon prensiplerinin uygulanması ve (iii) kas aktivitesinin değerlendirilmesinde elektromiyografinin kullanılması. Çalışma kalitesi, Uluslararası Sağlık Enstitüleri Gözlemsel Kohort ve Kesitsel Çalışmalar için Kalite Değerlendirme Aracı kullanılarak tanımlayıcı biçimde incelenmiştir. Bulgular: Toplam 250 katılımcıyı içeren 11 kesitsel çalışma dâhil edilmiştir. Çalışmaların kalitesi zayıf ile iyi arasında değişmekte olup, çoğunlukla düşük kaliteli bulunmuştur. Yetersiz örneklem büyüklüğü hesaplaması, çalışma popülasyonunun net tanımlanmaması, uygun bireylerin katılım oranının belirtilmemesi ve olası karıştırıcı değişkenlerin ölçülmemesi gibi nedenlerle yanlılık riski gözlenmiştir. Bulgular, üst ekstremitede Fleksiyon-Abduksiyon-Eksternal Rotasyon paterninde anterior, orta ve alt trapezius ile serratus anterior kaslarının önemli rol oynadığını göstermiştir. Sonuç: Elektromiyografik veriler, PNF paternlerinin seçilen paternin özelliğine bağlı olarak hedef kaslarda farklı düzeylerde aktivasyon oluşturduğunu göstermektedir. Bununla birlikte, bu derlemenin bulguları, standartlaştırılmış tasarımlara sahip ileri araştırmalara duyulan ihtiyacı vurgulamaktadır.

Keywords

• Elektromiyografi
• Hareket
• Kas Aktivasyonu
• Proprioseptif Nöromüsküler Fasilitasyon
• Derleme

ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE OF MUSCLE ACTIVATION DURING PROPRIOCEPTIVE NEUROMUSCULAR FACILITATION PATTERNS IN HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS: A SCOPING REVIEW

Abstract

Purpose: The Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) concept structures the rehabilitation intervention, addressing both body function/structures and activity limitations. This scoping review aimed to identify and summarize existing research on electromyographic muscle activity during PNF patterns in healthy individuals. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, PEDro, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases for studies published between 1980 and October 2025. Studies were included if they: (i) involved healthy individuals aged 18–65 years, (ii) applied PNF diagonal patterns and basic facilitation principles, and (iii) used electromyography to assess muscle activity. Study quality was examined descriptively using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies. Results: A total of 11 cross-sectional studies with 250 participants were included. The included studies had poor to good quality. They were primarily low-quality and had some bias due to a lack of sample size calculation, insufficient definition of the study population, unspecified participation rate of eligible individuals, and failure to measure key potential confounding variables. Findings showed that the anterior, middle, and lower trapezius muscles and the serratus anterior muscle were found to play a significant role in the Flexion-Abduction-External Rotation pattern in the upper limb. Conclusion: Based on electromyographic data, PNF patterns tend to induce varying degrees of muscle activity in the target muscles, depending on the choice of pattern. However, the findings of this scoping review underscore the need for further research with a standardized design.

Keywords

• Electromyography
• Movement
• Muscle Activation
• Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation
• Review

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