FAZ DEĞİŞTİREN MALZEMELERİN BİNA YAŞAM DÖNGÜSÜ EVRELERİNDEKİ MEVCUT POTANSİYELLERİ VE GELİŞMEYE AÇIK YÖNLERİ

Year 2023, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 109 - 126, 20.11.2023

Ebru Kılıç Bakırhan

Abstract

Gelişen teknoloji ile binalarda karkas sistemlere yönelinmesi, yığma sisteme göre daha ince kesitli bina cephelerinin inşa edilebilmesine olanak sağlamıştır. Ancak bu durum, masif malzemelerin termal kütle özelliklerinden ödün verilmesi neticesinde ısıl konforda ve akabinde enerji verimliliğinde düşüşe neden olabilmektedir. Faz değiştiren malzemeler (FDM), sabit sıcaklıklarda ve taş, tuğla gibi duyulur ısı depolama ile çalışan malzemelere oranla daha düşük hacimlerde çok daha fazla miktardaki ısıyı bünyesinde depolayabilen malzemelerdir. Yapı kabuğunda bu tür malzemelerden yararlanılması, kullanıcı konforunu artırarak aktif sistemlere olan bağımlılığın düşürülmesini sağlayabilir.
Bu çalışma, FDM’nin bir yapının yaşam döngüsünü oluşturan tedarik, üretim, nakliyat, kullanım, bakım-onarım ve atık evreleri boyunca ekonomik, ekolojik ve sosyal sürdürülebilirlik kavramları çerçevesinde literatürdeki çalışmalar üzerinden incelenmesini amaçlamaktadır. Bu tür malzemelerin her bir aşamada sunduğu avantajlar ve geliştirilmesi gereken yönler karşılaştırılmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Sonuç olarak FDM, enerji performansının yüksek olması, termal konfora katkı sunması ve atık malzeme kullanımına imkân sağlaması gibi özellikleri ile öne çıkmaktadır. Ancak yatırım maliyetlerinin yüksek olması, toksik özellik gösterebilmeleri ve üzerine çalışılması gereken standardizasyon problemleri ile geri planda kalmakta ve bu nedenle binalarda enerji verimliliğinin sağlanmasında halen yaygın olarak kullanım imkânı bulamamaktadırlar.

Keywords

Faz değiştiren malzeme, mimari sürdürülebilirlik, bina yaşam döngüsü

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