Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

TRANSFORMING URBAN SPACES FOR ALTERNATIVE SOCIALIZATION IN THE POST-PANDEMIC ERA

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 49 - 60, 23.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.71298/maddergi.1633043

Abstract

This article investigates the post-pandemic transformation of urban spaces, with a particular focus on emerging forms of alternative socialization. It explores how spatial practices and social behaviours have evolved across both physical and digital environments in response to public health regulations, accelerated digitalization, and shifting cultural norms. Employing a qualitative methodology that combines bibliographic analysis, comparative case studies, and thematic synthesis, the study identifies key trends such as the adaptive reuse of public spaces, the emergence of hybrid sociability, and the integration of digital platforms into everyday urban life. Drawing on case studies—namely Istanbul, New York, Vilnius, Oslo, and Dallas—the paper examines context-specific interventions including redesigned parks, expanded sidewalks, outdoor dining parklets, public square adaptations, and green space accessibility. These tactical urban solutions illustrate how cities responded to the need for safe, socially engaging environments during the pandemic. Concurrently, digital platforms such as Zoom, VRChat, Instagram Live, and multiplayer virtual worlds facilitated the continuation of social rituals, fostering a parallel realm of digital interaction and presence. The article also underscores the significance of participatory planning and highlights the increasing demand for adaptable, inclusive, and health-oriented urban design. It further discusses the cultural and behavioural implications of digital socialization, particularly the role of immersive technologies in shaping future modes of interaction. By integrating spatial, technological, and sociocultural dimensions, the study provides insights and policy recommendations for reimagining urban life in a post-pandemic context.

References

  • Alexander, C., Silverstein, M., & Ishikawa, S. (1977). Pattern language: Towns, buildings, construction, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Arendt, H. (1958). The human condition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Banerjee, T. (2001). The future of public space: Beyond invented streets and reinvented places. Journal of the American Planning Association, 67(1), 9–24.
  • Haase, D., Mascarenhas, A., Langemeyer, J., Baro, F., Kennedy, C., Grabowski, Z., McPhearson, T., Krog, N.H., Venter, Z., Gundersen, V., & Andersson, E., (2020). Enabling Access to Greenspace During the Covid-19 Pandemic—Perspectives from Five Cities. Retrieved 30.10.2020 from https://www.thenatureofcities.com/2020/05/04/enabling-access-to-greenspace-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-perspectives-from-five-cities/
  • Bary, E. (2020). Zoom, Microsoft Teams usage are rocketing during coronavirus pandemic, new data show. MarketWatch. Retrieved 30.03.2020 from https://www.marketwatch.com/story/zoom-microsoft-cloud-usage-are-rocketing-during-coronavirus-pandemic-new-data-show-2020-03-30
  • Brandon, E. M. (2020). 7 smart and simple ways cities can encourage social distancing in public spaces. City Monitor. Retrieved 30.03.2020 from https://citymonitor.ai/community/smart-and-simple-ways-public-spaces-are-being-adapted-for-social-distancing
  • Braubach, M., & Grant, M. (2010). Evidence review on the spatial determinants of health in urban settings. In Urban planning, environment and health: From evidence to policy action, Annexe 2, pp. 22–97. WHO Europe.
  • Carmona, M., Magalhães, C. D., & Hammond, L. (2008). Public space: The management dimension. NY: Routledge.
  • Cordes, J., & Castro, M. C. (2020). Spatial analysis of COVID-19 clusters and contextual factors in New York City. Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology, 34, 100355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sste.2020.100355
  • Dannenberg, A. L., Frumkin, H., Jackson, R. J., & Schieber, R. A. (2003). The impact of community design and land-use choices on public health: A scientific research agenda. American Journal of Public Health, 93(9), 1500–1508. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.93.9.1500
  • De Witte, P., & Lustig, J. (2021). Civic design for recovery: Rebuilding better after crises. NY: MIT Civic Data.
  • Faga, B. (2006). Designing public consensus. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Feenberg, A. (2009). Critical theory of communication technology: Introduction to the special section. The Information Society, 25, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972240802701536
  • Fernandez, M. (2020). Better Block Foundation converts parking into parklets during pandemic. The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved 10.02.2020 from https://www.dallasnews.com
  • Franck, K., & Stevens, Q. (2006). Tying down loose space. In K. Franck & Q. Stevens (Eds.), Loose space (pp. 1–2). NY: Taylor & Francis.
  • Gehl, J. (2011). Life between buildings. Washington DC: Island Press.
  • Global Designing Cities Initiative. (2020). Streets for pandemic response & recovery. Retrieved 11.03.2021 from https://globaldesigningcities.org
  • Google. (2020). COVID-19 community mobility reports. Retrieved 10.02.2021 from https://www.google.com/covid19/mobility
  • Google. (2022). COVID-19 community mobility reports. Retrieved 10.02.2021 from https://www.google.com/covid19/mobility
  • Harvey, D. (2008). The right to the city. New Left Review, 53, 23–40.
  • Healey, P. (1997). Collaborative planning: Shaping places in fragmented societies. Macmillan.
  • Honey-Rosés, J., et al. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on public space. Cities & Health, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2020.1780074
  • Iqbai, M. (2025). Zoom Revenue and Usage Statistics. Retrieved 10.04.2025 from https://www.businessofapps.com/data/zoom-statistics/
  • Kitchin, R., Lauriault, T. P., & Wilson, M. W. (2015). Digital transformations of the city. The Programmable City Working Paper 7. https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/nydhz/
  • Lai, C. S., Jia, Y., Dong, Z., Wang, D., Tao, Y., Lai, Q. H., ... & Lai, L. L. (2020). A review of technical standards for smart cities. Clean Technologies, 2(3), 290-310.
  • Lefebvre, H. (1991). The production of space (D. Nicholson-Smith, Trans.). Oxford: Blackwell. (Original work published 1974)
  • Madanipour, A. (2003). Public and private spaces of the city. London: Psychology Press.
  • Megahed, N., & Ghoneim, E. (2020). Sustainable Cities and Society, 61, 102350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102350
  • Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. (2020). COVID-19 and the city. Environmental Research, 191, 110066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110066
  • Paköz, M. Z., & Işık, M. (2022). Rethinking urban density in the post-pandemic city: The case of Istanbul. Cities, 124, 103598.
  • Peterson, M. (2012). Learner interaction in MMORPGs: A sociocultural analysis. ReCALL, 24(3), 361–380. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0958344012000195
  • Rogers, S. (2019). Social virtual reality: The next frontier of community. Retrieved 10.04.2020 from https://www.xrtoday.com
  • Salama, A. M. (2020). Coronavirus questions that will not go away. Emerald Open Research, 2, 14. https://doi.org/10.35241/emeraldopenres.13561.1
  • Sanoff, H. (2000). Community participation methods in design and planning. NY: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Sennett, R. (2018). Building and dwelling: Ethics for the city. NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
  • Shaftoe, H. (2008). Convivial urban spaces. Virginia: Earthscan.
  • Smithson, A., Smithson, P., & Team 10. (1967). Urban structuring: Studies of Alison & Peter Smithson. NY: Studio Vista.
  • Tardiveau, A., & Mallo, D. (2014). Uncovering Tactics: Tactics as a Means of Revealing Power Relations in Urban Development Projects. Journal of Urban Design, 19(1), 1–21.
  • Townsend, A. M. (2013). Smart cities: Big data, civic hackers, and the quest for a new utopia. NY: W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Trust for Public Land. (2020). 2020 ParkScore index: Mapping equity in access to parks. Retrieved 12.03.2020 from https://www.tpl.org/parkscore
  • Van Dijck, J. (2013). The culture of connectivity: A critical history of social media. NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Whyte, W. H. (1980). The social life of small urban spaces. Washington DC: Conservation Foundation.
  • WHO. (2020). Global surveillance for human infection with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). World Health Organization. Retrieved 20.03.2020 from https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/331231
  • Zote, J. (2025). Instagram statistics you need to know in 2025. Retrieved 21.04.2025 from https://sproutsocial.com/insights/instagram-stats/
  • URL-1 Retrieved 21.04.2025 from https://steamcharts.com/app/438100

PANDEMİ SONRASI DÖNEMDE ALTERNATİF SOSYALLEŞME İLE KENTSEL MEKÂNLARIN DÖNÜŞÜMÜ

Year 2025, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 49 - 60, 23.05.2025
https://doi.org/10.71298/maddergi.1633043

Abstract

Bu makale, pandemi sonrası kentsel mekânların dönüşümünü ve alternatif sosyalleşme biçimlerinin ortaya çıkışını incelemektedir. Çalışmada, kamusal sağlık düzenlemeleri, hızlanan dijitalleşme ve değişen kültürel normlar doğrultusunda mekânsal pratiklerin hem fiziksel hem de dijital ortamlarda nasıl evrildiği araştırılmaktadır. Bibliyografik analiz, karşılaştırmalı vaka çalışmaları ve tematik sentez yöntemlerini bir arada kullanan nitel bir metodolojiyle yürütülen bu çalışma; kamusal mekânların uyarlanarak yeniden kullanımı, hibrit sosyalleşme biçimlerinin ortaya çıkışı ve dijital platformların günlük kentsel yaşama entegrasyonu gibi temel eğilimleri tespit etmektedir. İstanbul, New York, Vilnius, Oslo ve Dallas kentlerinden seçilen vaka çalışmalarına dayanarak yeniden tasarlanan parklar, genişletilen kaldırımlar, açık hava yeme-içme alanları, kamusal meydan düzenlemeleri ve yeşil alanlara erişim gibi bağlama özgü müdahaleleri ele almaktadır. Bu taktiksel çözümler, pandemi sürecinde güvenli ve sosyal etkileşime olanak tanıyan ortamlar yaratma ihtiyacına karşılık olarak kentlerin geliştirdiği stratejileri ortaya koymaktadır. Aynı zamanda Zoom, VRChat, Instagram Live ve çok oyunculu sanal dünyalar gibi dijital platformlar, sosyal ritüellerin devamlılığını sağlayarak dijital etkileşim ve varlık için paralel bir alan oluşturmuştur. Makale, katılımcı planlama süreçlerinin önemini vurgularken, esnek, kapsayıcı ve sağlık odaklı kentsel tasarım taleplerinin yükseldiğine de dikkat çekmektedir. Mekânsal, teknolojik ve sosyokültürel boyutları ele alan çalışma, pandemi sonrası kentsel yaşamın tasarlanmasına yönelik bulgular sunmaktadır.

References

  • Alexander, C., Silverstein, M., & Ishikawa, S. (1977). Pattern language: Towns, buildings, construction, NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Arendt, H. (1958). The human condition. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Banerjee, T. (2001). The future of public space: Beyond invented streets and reinvented places. Journal of the American Planning Association, 67(1), 9–24.
  • Haase, D., Mascarenhas, A., Langemeyer, J., Baro, F., Kennedy, C., Grabowski, Z., McPhearson, T., Krog, N.H., Venter, Z., Gundersen, V., & Andersson, E., (2020). Enabling Access to Greenspace During the Covid-19 Pandemic—Perspectives from Five Cities. Retrieved 30.10.2020 from https://www.thenatureofcities.com/2020/05/04/enabling-access-to-greenspace-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-perspectives-from-five-cities/
  • Bary, E. (2020). Zoom, Microsoft Teams usage are rocketing during coronavirus pandemic, new data show. MarketWatch. Retrieved 30.03.2020 from https://www.marketwatch.com/story/zoom-microsoft-cloud-usage-are-rocketing-during-coronavirus-pandemic-new-data-show-2020-03-30
  • Brandon, E. M. (2020). 7 smart and simple ways cities can encourage social distancing in public spaces. City Monitor. Retrieved 30.03.2020 from https://citymonitor.ai/community/smart-and-simple-ways-public-spaces-are-being-adapted-for-social-distancing
  • Braubach, M., & Grant, M. (2010). Evidence review on the spatial determinants of health in urban settings. In Urban planning, environment and health: From evidence to policy action, Annexe 2, pp. 22–97. WHO Europe.
  • Carmona, M., Magalhães, C. D., & Hammond, L. (2008). Public space: The management dimension. NY: Routledge.
  • Cordes, J., & Castro, M. C. (2020). Spatial analysis of COVID-19 clusters and contextual factors in New York City. Spatial and Spatio-temporal Epidemiology, 34, 100355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sste.2020.100355
  • Dannenberg, A. L., Frumkin, H., Jackson, R. J., & Schieber, R. A. (2003). The impact of community design and land-use choices on public health: A scientific research agenda. American Journal of Public Health, 93(9), 1500–1508. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.93.9.1500
  • De Witte, P., & Lustig, J. (2021). Civic design for recovery: Rebuilding better after crises. NY: MIT Civic Data.
  • Faga, B. (2006). Designing public consensus. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Feenberg, A. (2009). Critical theory of communication technology: Introduction to the special section. The Information Society, 25, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/01972240802701536
  • Fernandez, M. (2020). Better Block Foundation converts parking into parklets during pandemic. The Dallas Morning News. Retrieved 10.02.2020 from https://www.dallasnews.com
  • Franck, K., & Stevens, Q. (2006). Tying down loose space. In K. Franck & Q. Stevens (Eds.), Loose space (pp. 1–2). NY: Taylor & Francis.
  • Gehl, J. (2011). Life between buildings. Washington DC: Island Press.
  • Global Designing Cities Initiative. (2020). Streets for pandemic response & recovery. Retrieved 11.03.2021 from https://globaldesigningcities.org
  • Google. (2020). COVID-19 community mobility reports. Retrieved 10.02.2021 from https://www.google.com/covid19/mobility
  • Google. (2022). COVID-19 community mobility reports. Retrieved 10.02.2021 from https://www.google.com/covid19/mobility
  • Harvey, D. (2008). The right to the city. New Left Review, 53, 23–40.
  • Healey, P. (1997). Collaborative planning: Shaping places in fragmented societies. Macmillan.
  • Honey-Rosés, J., et al. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on public space. Cities & Health, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2020.1780074
  • Iqbai, M. (2025). Zoom Revenue and Usage Statistics. Retrieved 10.04.2025 from https://www.businessofapps.com/data/zoom-statistics/
  • Kitchin, R., Lauriault, T. P., & Wilson, M. W. (2015). Digital transformations of the city. The Programmable City Working Paper 7. https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/nydhz/
  • Lai, C. S., Jia, Y., Dong, Z., Wang, D., Tao, Y., Lai, Q. H., ... & Lai, L. L. (2020). A review of technical standards for smart cities. Clean Technologies, 2(3), 290-310.
  • Lefebvre, H. (1991). The production of space (D. Nicholson-Smith, Trans.). Oxford: Blackwell. (Original work published 1974)
  • Madanipour, A. (2003). Public and private spaces of the city. London: Psychology Press.
  • Megahed, N., & Ghoneim, E. (2020). Sustainable Cities and Society, 61, 102350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2020.102350
  • Nieuwenhuijsen, M. J. (2020). COVID-19 and the city. Environmental Research, 191, 110066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110066
  • Paköz, M. Z., & Işık, M. (2022). Rethinking urban density in the post-pandemic city: The case of Istanbul. Cities, 124, 103598.
  • Peterson, M. (2012). Learner interaction in MMORPGs: A sociocultural analysis. ReCALL, 24(3), 361–380. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0958344012000195
  • Rogers, S. (2019). Social virtual reality: The next frontier of community. Retrieved 10.04.2020 from https://www.xrtoday.com
  • Salama, A. M. (2020). Coronavirus questions that will not go away. Emerald Open Research, 2, 14. https://doi.org/10.35241/emeraldopenres.13561.1
  • Sanoff, H. (2000). Community participation methods in design and planning. NY: John Wiley & Sons.
  • Sennett, R. (2018). Building and dwelling: Ethics for the city. NY: Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
  • Shaftoe, H. (2008). Convivial urban spaces. Virginia: Earthscan.
  • Smithson, A., Smithson, P., & Team 10. (1967). Urban structuring: Studies of Alison & Peter Smithson. NY: Studio Vista.
  • Tardiveau, A., & Mallo, D. (2014). Uncovering Tactics: Tactics as a Means of Revealing Power Relations in Urban Development Projects. Journal of Urban Design, 19(1), 1–21.
  • Townsend, A. M. (2013). Smart cities: Big data, civic hackers, and the quest for a new utopia. NY: W. W. Norton & Company.
  • Trust for Public Land. (2020). 2020 ParkScore index: Mapping equity in access to parks. Retrieved 12.03.2020 from https://www.tpl.org/parkscore
  • Van Dijck, J. (2013). The culture of connectivity: A critical history of social media. NY: Oxford University Press.
  • Whyte, W. H. (1980). The social life of small urban spaces. Washington DC: Conservation Foundation.
  • WHO. (2020). Global surveillance for human infection with coronavirus disease (COVID-19). World Health Organization. Retrieved 20.03.2020 from https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/331231
  • Zote, J. (2025). Instagram statistics you need to know in 2025. Retrieved 21.04.2025 from https://sproutsocial.com/insights/instagram-stats/
  • URL-1 Retrieved 21.04.2025 from https://steamcharts.com/app/438100
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects City and Regional Planning, Architectural Design
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Serengül Seçmen 0000-0002-7821-9948

Pınar Şahin 0000-0003-3956-9440

Salih Ceylan 0000-0003-3808-7773

Publication Date May 23, 2025
Submission Date February 4, 2025
Acceptance Date May 2, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Seçmen, S., Şahin, P., & Ceylan, S. (2025). TRANSFORMING URBAN SPACES FOR ALTERNATIVE SOCIALIZATION IN THE POST-PANDEMIC ERA. Mekansal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 3(1), 49-60. https://doi.org/10.71298/maddergi.1633043

downloadThe manuscripts accepted for publication by the Journal of Spatial Research are published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0) license.