Economic Evaluation of Thermal and Mechanical Activation Energies in Gypsum Production

Year 2024, , 47 - 52, 10.09.2024

Muhammed Şener , Turan Uysal , Murat Erdemoğlu

https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.1440130

Abstract

Plaster is among the most needed raw materials in the world. In this study, thermal activation provided by calcination and mechanical activation methods provided by intensive milling in the plaster production process were evaluated in terms of activation energy. In this context, the energies of laboratory-scale thermal and mechanical activation processes were calculated and these activation methods were evaluated economically and the ideal activation methods were determined. Although the mechanical activation method creates additional investment and operating costs, it reduces the calcination temperature by 13 °C, thus provides lower energy costs. Addition of a mechanical activator mill before thermal activation in plaster production as a more economical and more environmentally friendly method was proposed.

Keywords

Plaster, Thermal Activation, Mechanical Activation, Energy Analysis

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK, İnönü University

Project Number

TÜBİTAK (Project No: 111M028), İnönü University (BAPB Project No: 2011/108)

Thanks

The ore samples used in this study were obtained from Arslanlı Alçı A.Ş. (Elazığ-Türkiye)

References

• References
• Alyousif, B., Uysal, T., Erdemoğlu, M. 2023a..Potassium chloride recovery from mechanically activated microcline through the chlorination roasting and leaching route. Physicochem. Probl. Mineral Processing. 59, 5,167500.
• Alyousif, B., Uysal, T., Aydemir, M.K., Erdemoğlu, M. 2023b. Contribution of Mechanical Activation for Obtaining Potassium Chloride from Microcline. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration. 40, 4, 1311 - 1319.
• Aydoğmuş, R, Erdemoğlu, M, Uysal, T. 2023. Aluminum recovery from pyrophyllite: Effects of various enrichment and activation methods. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration. 40, 4, 1333 - 1343.
• Balăz P. 2008. Mechanochemistry in nanoscience and minerals engineering. Springer, Berlin.
• Baláž, P., Achimovičová, M., 2006. Mechano-chemical leaching in hydrometallurgy of complex sulphides. Hydrometallurgy. 84, 60-68.
• Barry, T.S., Uysal, T., Erdemoğlu, M., Birinci, M. 2019. Thermal and mechanical activation in acid leaching processes of non-bauxite ores available for alumina production-review. Min Metall Exp Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration. 36:557–569.
• Birinci, M., Uysal, T., Erdemoğlu, M., Porgalı, E., Barry, T.S. 2017. Acidic Leaching of Thermally Activated Pyrophyllite Ore from Pütürge (Malatya-Turkey) Deposit. 17. Balkan Mineral Processing Congress, Antalya.
• Boldyrev, V.V. 1986. Mechanochemistry of inorganic solids. Proc. Indian Nat. Sci. Acad., 52, 400-417.
• Energy Agency, 2024. https://enerjiajansi.com.tr/elektrik-birim-fiyatlari/ (Access Date: 17.11.2023).
• Erdemoğlu, M., Birinci, M., Uysal, T., Porgalı, E., Barry, T.S., 2017. Acid leaching performance of mechanically activated pyrophyllite ore for Al2O3 extraction. 9th International Conference on Mechanochemistry and Mechanical Alloying, Kosice-Slovakia.
• Erdemoğlu, M., Birinci, M., Uysal, T. 2018. Alumina production from clay minerals: current reviews. Journal of Polytechnic. 21, 387-396.
• Erdemoğlu, M., Birinci, M., Uysal, T. 2020. Thermal behavior of pyrophyllite ore during calcination for thermal activation for aluminum extraction by acid leaching. Clays and Clay Minerals. 68(2):89–99.
• Evans, 2016. Specific heat capacity of materials. https://theengineeringmindset. com/specific-heat-capacity-of-materials/ (Access Date: 17.11.2023).
• Hudson-Lamb, D.L., Strydom, C.A., Potgieter, J.H. 1996. The thermal dehydration of natural gypsum and pure calcium sulphate dihidrate (gypsum), Thermochimica Acta. 282-283, 483-492.
• Lou, W., Guan, B., Wu, Z., 2011. Dehydration behavior of FGD gypsum by simultaneous TG and DSC analysis, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry. 104, 661-669.
• Pourghahramani P, Forssberg E (2007) Effects of mechanical activation on the reduction behavior of hematite concentrate. Int J Miner Process 82:96–105.
• Putnis, A., Winkler, B., Fernandezdiaz, L., 1990. Insitu spectroscopic and thermagravimetric study of the dehydration of gypsum. Mineralogical Magazine, 54(374), 123-128.
• Sekulić, Z., Popov, S., Đuričić, M., Rosić, A. 1999. Mechanical activation of cement with addition of fly ash. Materials Letters. 39, 115-121.
• Şener, M. 2012. The effect of mechanical activation on the thermal behaviour of gypsum. Master’s Thesis, Inonu University Institute of Science and Technology, Malatya, Türkiye.
• Şener, M. Erdemoğlu, M. 2014. Effect Of Mechanical Activation on Thermal Behavior of Gypsum. Scientific Mining Journal, Volume: 53 Issue: 4, 19-26.
• The Engineering ToolBox. 2003. Solids - Specific Heats. https://www.engineeringtoolbox. com/specific-heat-solids-d_154.html (Access Date: 17.11.2023).
• Uysal, T., Mutlu, H.S., Erdemoğlu, M. 2016. Effects of mechanical activation of colemanite (Ca2B6O115H2O) on its thermal transformations. International Journal of Mineral Processing. 151:51–58. Uysal, T. 2018. Investigation of activation conditions in alumina production from pyrophyllite ore by acid leaching method, PhD Thesis, İnönü University Institute of Science and Technology, Malatya, Türkiye. Uysal, T., Mutlu, S., Erdemoğlu, M. 2015. Investigations for Innovative Ceramic Wall Tiles: Synergistic Effects of Pyrophyllite and Colemanite. XVI Balkan Mineral Processing Congresses, Belgrad-Sırbistan.