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THIOSULPHATE LEACHING: RECOVERY OF GOLD FROM PREGNANT LEACH SOLUTIONS AND INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS – PART II

Year 2017, Volume: 56 Issue: 4, 197 - 213, 01.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.391972

Abstract

Thiosulphate leaching offers several advantages over cyanidation such as low toxicity, high selectivity and fast leaching kinetics as well as it provides high extraction performance for gold in certain refractory ores. However, the main obstacles for commercialisation of thiosulphate
leaching are its complex leach chemistry and lack of a highly efficient and reliable method for solution purification and metal recovery stage. In this study, a state-of-the art review of proposed methods for recovery of gold from pregnant thiosulphate solutions and their advantages/
disadvantages is presented. Flowsheets of the pilot scale plants with conditions for practical application are presented in which the methods of precipitation with sulphide salts and cementation are employed for gold recovery from leach solutions. In addition, the features and flowsheet of the first and unique commercial/industrial application of thiosulphate leaching process (resin in leach (ion exchange) + electro-winning) developed by Barrick Gold Co. and commissioned in 2015, are given. One of the main technical challenges encountered in the process is at the stage of resin elution. Development of more efficient and economic techniques for solution purification/metal recovery is of practical importance for widespread industrial utilisation of thiosulphate leaching.

References

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TİYOSÜLFAT LİÇİ: YÜKLÜ LİÇ ÇÖZELTİLERİNDEN ALTIN KAZANIMI VE ENDÜSTRİYEL UYGULAMALAR – BÖLÜM II

Year 2017, Volume: 56 Issue: 4, 197 - 213, 01.12.2017
https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.391972

Abstract

Düşük çevresel etki, yüksek seçimlilik ve hızlı liç kinetiği gibi avantajlara sahip olmasının anı sıra tiyosülfat liçi; belirli refrakter cevherlerden altın kazanımında da yüksek performans östermektedir. Ancak, tiyosülfat liçinin ticarileşememesinin önündeki önemli engellerin başında karmaşık liç kimyası ve çözelti saflaştırma/metal kazanımı aşamasında yüksek etkinlikte uygun ir yöntem geliştirilememiş olması gelmektedir. Bu çalışmada, yüklü tiyosülfat çözeltilerinden altın kazanımı için önerilen mevcut yöntemler ve bu yöntemlerin avantaj/dezavantajları irdelenmiştir. Sülfür tuzlarıyla çöktürme ve sementasyon yöntemlerinin uygulandığı pilot ölçekli tesislerin akım şemaları uygulama koşulları ile beraber sunulmuştur. Tiyosülfat liçinin (liç içinde reçine (iyon değişimi) + elektro-kazanım) ticari/endüstriyel ilk ve tek uygulaması olan ve 2015 yılında Barrick Gold şirketi tarafından refrakter bir altın cevheri için geliştirilen prosesin özellikleri akım şeması ile birlikte açıklanmıştır. Prosesteki önemli teknik zorlukların başında reçineden metallerin sıyırma işlemi gelmektedir. Tiyosülfat liçinin endüstriyel olarak yaygınlaşabilmesi için daha etkin ve ekonomik çözelti saflaştırma/metal kazanımı tekniklerinin geliştirilmesi önem arz etmektedir.

References

  • Aazami, M., Lapidus, G.T., Azadeh, A., 2014. The Effect of Solution Parameters on The Thiosulfate Leaching of Zarshouran Refractory Gold Ore. International Journal of Mineral Processing 131, 43-50.
  • Abbruzzese, C., Fornari, P., Massidda, R., Vegliò, F., Ubaldini, S., 1995. Thiosulphate leaching for Gold Hydrometallurgy. Hydrometallurgy, 39 (1–3): 265-276.
  • Adams, M.D., 2016. Summary of Gold Plants and Processes, Gold Ore Processing. 2nd Edition, Edited by Adams, M.D., Western Australia: Elsevier.
  • Ahlatcı, F., Koç, E., Yazici, E.Y., Celep, O., Deveci, H., 2016. Sulphide Precipitation of Gold and Silver from Thiosulphate Leach Solutions. In: M.S.Çelik vd. (Eds.), XV. International Mineral Processing Symposium and Exhibition (IMPS), İstanbul, Turkey, 750-760.
  • Akçil, A., Çiftçi, H. ve Öztürk, T., 2007. Altın Kazanımında Tiyosülfat Liçi Uygulaması, Madencilik, 46, 4, 31-45.
  • Arima, H., Fujita, T., Yen, W.T., 2004. Using Nickel as A Catalyst in Ammonium Thiosulfate Leaching for Gold Extraction. Materials Transactions, 45, 2, 516-526.
  • Arima, H., Fujita, T., Yen, W.-T. 2002. Gold Cementation from Ammonium Thiosulfate Solution by Zinc, Copper and Aluminium Powders. Materials Transactions, 43,3, 485-493.
  • Atluri, V.P. 1987. Recovery of Gold and Silver from Ammoniacal Thiosulfate Solutions Containing Copper by Resin Ion Exchange Method. MSc Thesis, Arizona University.
  • Avrupa Birliği. 2013. Background Note on Cyanide in Gold Mining, Committee on The Environment, Public Health and Food Safety. 3 syf. http://www. europarl.europa.eu/meetdocs/2009_2014/ documents /envi/dv/envi20130925_info-cyanide_/envi 20130925_ info-cyanide_en.pdf Son erişim tarihi: 31 Ağustos 2015.
  • Awadalla, F.T., Ritcey, G.M., 1993. Recovery of Gold from Solution by Reduction-Precipitation with Stabilized Alkali Metal Borohydride. US Patent, US 5223023 A, 29 Haziran.
  • Aylmore, M.G. 2005. Alternative Lixiviants to Cyanide for Leaching Gold Ores. Editor: Adams, M.D. Western Australia: Elsevier, Developments in Mineral Processing, 15, 501-539.
  • Aylmore, M.G., 2016. Thiosulfate as an Alternative Lixiviant to Cyanide for Gold Ores. In: M.D. Adams (Ed.), Advances in Gold Ore Processing. Elsevier Science, 485-523.
  • Aylmore, M.G., Muir, D.M. 2001. Thiosulfate Leaching of Gold - A Review. Minerals Engineering, 14 (2), 135-174.
  • Barrick Gold, 2015a. There’s A First Time for Everything. http://barrickbeyondborders.com/mining/20 15/04/theres-a-first-time-for-everything/, Son erişim tarihi: 25 Ocak 2017.
  • Barrick Gold, 2015b. Annual Report. http://www.barrick.com/files/annual-report/Barrick-Annual-Report-2015.pdf, Son erişim tarihi: 25 Ocak 2017.
  • Barrick Gold, 2016. Processing İnnovation Nets Metallurgy Award, http://barrickbeyondborders.com/ mining/2016/10/processing-innovation-nets-metallurgy-award/, Son erişim tarihi: 25 Ocak 2017.
  • Baş, A.D. 2015. Barrick ile Altın Üretiminde Yeni Ufuklar, Barrick Gold Yöneticilerinden Dr. Yeonuk Choi ile Röportaj, Madencilik-Türkiye Dergisi, Temmuz (48), 74-75.
  • Berezowsky, R.M.G.S., Sefton, V.B., 1979. Recovery of Gold and Silver from Oxidation Leach Residues by Ammoniacal Thiosulphate Leaching. 108th AIME Annual Meeting, New Orleans, 17-34.
  • Bhakta, P., 2003. Ammonium Thiosulfate Heap Leaching. In: C.A. Young vd. (Eds.), Hydrometallurgy 2003 - Fifth International Conference. TMS (The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society), 259-267.
  • Braul, P., 2013. Thiosulphate Going Commercial - Barrick’s Goldstrike Pushes Research Forward on Cyanide alternative. CIM Magazine. https://magazine.cim.org/en/February2013/upfront/Thiosulphate-going-commercial.aspx, Son erişim tarihi: 30 Ağustos 2015
  • Breuer, P., 2015, Gold Strike with Thiosulphate. CSIRO Journal - Resourceful. 7, p. 8.
  • Choi, Y., Chefai, S., 2012. Co-Current and Counter Current Resin-in-Leach in Gold Leaching Processes. US Patent, US 20120183433 A1, 19 Temmuz.
  • Choi, Y., 2016. Selecting the Best Process for The Treatment of a Refractory Gold Ore - Barrick’s Experience. ALTA Gold-PM Conference 2016, 21-18 May. ALTA Metallurgical Services, Melbourne, pp. 1-33.
  • Choi, Y., Jeffrey, M.I., Wang, Q., Langhans, J.W., 2012. Method for Recovering Precious Metals and Copper from Leach Solutions. Patent No: WO 2012174349 A2, 20 Aralık.
  • Dai, X., Breuer, P., Hewitt, D., Bergamin, A., 2013. Thiosulfate Process for Treating Gold Concentrates, World Gold 2013 Conference, Brisbane, pp. 61-70.
  • Deschenes, G., Ritcey, G.M., 1990. Recovery of Gold from Aqueous Solutions. US Patent, US 4913730 A, 3 Nisan.
  • DST, 2014, Cyanide-Free Process for Gold Extraction. Dundee Sustainable Technologies (DST), www. dundeetechnologies.com
  • Dunne, R., Levier, M., Acar, S., Kappes, R. 2009. Keynote Address: Newmont’s Contribution to Gold Technology, World Gold Conference 2009, The Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Gauteng, South Africa, Proceedings: 221-230.
  • E&MJ, 2012, The Current Status of Cyanide Regulations, http://www.e-mj.com/features/1656-the-current-status-of-cyanide-regulations.html#.VtA Tp-Zu3Iw, Son erişim tarihi: 2 Şubat 2016.
  • Eugene, W.W.L., Mujumdar, A.S., 2009. Gold Extraction and Recovery Processes Minerals. Metals and Materials Technology Centre (M3TC), Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore.
  • Euromines, 2015. EU Commission Confirms Sufficient Legislation in Place for Gold. European Association of Mining Industries, Metal Ores & Industrial Minerals. http://www.euromines.org/news /eu-commission-confirms-sufficient-legislation-plac e-gold, Son erişim tarihi: 1 Eylül 2015.
  • Fleming, C., 2008. Thiosulphate Leaching-An Alternative to Cyanidation in Gold Processing. SGS Mineral Services, T3 SGS 869, s. 2.
  • Fleming, C., Wells, J., Thomas, K.G. 2002. Process for Recovering Gold from Thiosulfate Leach Solutions and Slurries with Ion Exchange Resin. US Patent, US 6344068 B1, 5 Şubat.
  • Fleming, C.A., McMullen J., Thomas, K.G., Wells, J.A. 2001. Recent Advances in The Development of an Alternative to The Cyanidation Process - Based on Thiosulphate Leaching and Resin in Pulp. SGS Mineral Services, Technical Paper, March, 11.
  • Fleming, C.A., McMullen, J., Thomas, K.G., Wells, J.A., 2003. Recent Advances in The Development of an Alternative to The Cyanidation Process: Thiosulfate Leaching and Resin in Pulp. Minerals and Metallurgical Processing, 20 (1): 1-9.
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There are 73 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Collection
Authors

Fırat Ahlatcı 0000-0002-4751-4725

Ersin Yazıcı 0000-0002-8711-0784

Oktay Celep This is me 0000-0001-9024-4196

Hacı Deveci 0000-0003-4105-0912

Publication Date December 1, 2017
Submission Date May 24, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 56 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Ahlatcı, F., Yazıcı, E., Celep, O., Deveci, H. (2017). TİYOSÜLFAT LİÇİ: YÜKLÜ LİÇ ÇÖZELTİLERİNDEN ALTIN KAZANIMI VE ENDÜSTRİYEL UYGULAMALAR – BÖLÜM II. Scientific Mining Journal, 56(4), 197-213. https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.391972
AMA Ahlatcı F, Yazıcı E, Celep O, Deveci H. TİYOSÜLFAT LİÇİ: YÜKLÜ LİÇ ÇÖZELTİLERİNDEN ALTIN KAZANIMI VE ENDÜSTRİYEL UYGULAMALAR – BÖLÜM II. Mining. December 2017;56(4):197-213. doi:10.30797/madencilik.391972
Chicago Ahlatcı, Fırat, Ersin Yazıcı, Oktay Celep, and Hacı Deveci. “TİYOSÜLFAT LİÇİ: YÜKLÜ LİÇ ÇÖZELTİLERİNDEN ALTIN KAZANIMI VE ENDÜSTRİYEL UYGULAMALAR – BÖLÜM II”. Scientific Mining Journal 56, no. 4 (December 2017): 197-213. https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.391972.
EndNote Ahlatcı F, Yazıcı E, Celep O, Deveci H (December 1, 2017) TİYOSÜLFAT LİÇİ: YÜKLÜ LİÇ ÇÖZELTİLERİNDEN ALTIN KAZANIMI VE ENDÜSTRİYEL UYGULAMALAR – BÖLÜM II. Scientific Mining Journal 56 4 197–213.
IEEE F. Ahlatcı, E. Yazıcı, O. Celep, and H. Deveci, “TİYOSÜLFAT LİÇİ: YÜKLÜ LİÇ ÇÖZELTİLERİNDEN ALTIN KAZANIMI VE ENDÜSTRİYEL UYGULAMALAR – BÖLÜM II”, Mining, vol. 56, no. 4, pp. 197–213, 2017, doi: 10.30797/madencilik.391972.
ISNAD Ahlatcı, Fırat et al. “TİYOSÜLFAT LİÇİ: YÜKLÜ LİÇ ÇÖZELTİLERİNDEN ALTIN KAZANIMI VE ENDÜSTRİYEL UYGULAMALAR – BÖLÜM II”. Scientific Mining Journal 56/4 (December 2017), 197-213. https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.391972.
JAMA Ahlatcı F, Yazıcı E, Celep O, Deveci H. TİYOSÜLFAT LİÇİ: YÜKLÜ LİÇ ÇÖZELTİLERİNDEN ALTIN KAZANIMI VE ENDÜSTRİYEL UYGULAMALAR – BÖLÜM II. Mining. 2017;56:197–213.
MLA Ahlatcı, Fırat et al. “TİYOSÜLFAT LİÇİ: YÜKLÜ LİÇ ÇÖZELTİLERİNDEN ALTIN KAZANIMI VE ENDÜSTRİYEL UYGULAMALAR – BÖLÜM II”. Scientific Mining Journal, vol. 56, no. 4, 2017, pp. 197-13, doi:10.30797/madencilik.391972.
Vancouver Ahlatcı F, Yazıcı E, Celep O, Deveci H. TİYOSÜLFAT LİÇİ: YÜKLÜ LİÇ ÇÖZELTİLERİNDEN ALTIN KAZANIMI VE ENDÜSTRİYEL UYGULAMALAR – BÖLÜM II. Mining. 2017;56(4):197-213.

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