Review
BibTex RIS Cite

LİÇ ATIKLARINDAN SİYANÜRÜN GERİ KAZANIMI YÖNTEMLERİ

Year 2019, Volume: 58 Issue: 1, 53 - 71, 01.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.537646

Abstract

liçidir. Cevherde bulunan bakır, çinko vb. minerallerinin de siyanür liçinde çözünmesi siyanür
tüketimini artırmakta ve altın kazanımını olumsuz yönde etkilemektedir. Çözünen bu metaller, liç
sonrası çözelti saflaştırma ve metal kazanımı süreçlerinde de teknik sorunlara neden olmaktadır.
Siyanür liçi sonucunda, serbest siyanür ve metal-siyanür komplekslerini içeren atık çözelti (palp)
açığa çıkmaktadır. Bu atıklar, kimyasal bozundurma (INCO SO2/Hava, H2O2 gibi) veya siyanür
geri kazanım proseslerine tabi tutularak siyanür içeriklerinin yasal olarak belirlenen sınırların
(CN WAD<10 mg/L) altına indirilmesi gerekmektedir. Siyanürün geri kazanımı ile siyanür derişiminin
gerekli seviyeye indirilmesinin yanı sıra reaktif maliyetleri de azaltılabilir. Bu amaçla, aktif karbon
adsorpsiyonu, iyon değişimi (IX), solvent ekstraksiyonu (SX), elektro-kazanım, asitleştirmeabsorpsiyon
temelli prosesler (AVR, Cyanisorb) ve SART gibi farklı siyanür geri kazanım yöntemleri
geliştirilmiştir. Endüstriyel siyanür geri kazanım teknikleri (AVR, SART vd.) ile siyanür tüketimi
%50-75 azaltılabilmektedir. Fakat bu proseslerin tesiste uygulanması sırasında çeşitli problemlerle
karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu nedenle, yeni ve daha etkin yöntemlerin geliştirilmesine ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada, siyanür geri kazanımı için geliştirilen bu yöntemlerin/proseslerin teknik özellikleri,
birbirine göre olumlu ve olumsuz yanları detaylı olarak tartışılmıştır.

References

  • Adams, M., Lawrence, R., Bratty, M., 2008. Biogenic Sulphide for Cyanide Recycle and Copper Recovery in Gold–Copper Ore Processing. Minerals Engineering, 21/6, 509–517.
  • Adams, M.D., 2013. Impact of Recycling Cyanide and Its Reaction Products on Upstream Unit Operations. Minerals Engineering, 53, 241-255.
  • Ahlatcı, F., Yılmaz, E., Yazıcı, E.Y., Celep, O., Deveci, H., 2017. Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Waste Cyanide Solutions with Anionic Resins (Atık Siyanür Çözeltilerinden Anyonik Reçineler ile Ağır Metallerin Adsorpsiyonu). International Symposium of Mining and Environment (ISME) (Eds: T.Güler, M.Erdemoğlu, E.Polat), 27-29 September, Bodrum, 533-541 (in Turkish).
  • Akçay, M., Gündüz, Ö., 2004. Porphyry Cu–Au Mineralisation Associated with a Multi-Phase Intrusion and Related Replacement Fronts in Limestones in an Island Arc Setting Near the Gümüşhane Village (Artvin) In The Eastern Black Sea Province (Turkey). Chemie Der Erde - Geochemistry, 64, 359–383.
  • Alonso-González O., Nava-Alonso F., Jimenez-Velasco C., Uribe-Salas A., 2013. Copper Cyanide Removal by Precipitation with Quaternary Ammonium Salts. Minerals Engineering, 42, 43–49.
  • Baker, B., Rodriques, F., Littlejohn, P., 2017. SART Implementation at Gold Mines in Latin America. The Conference of Metallurgists (COM), August 27-30, Paper no: 9489, Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, 8.
  • Bas, A.D., Koc, E., Yazici, E.Y., Deveci, H., 2015. Treatment of Copper-Rich Gold Ore by Cyanide Leaching, Ammonia Pretreatment and Ammoniacal Cyanide Leaching. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 25, 597-607.
  • Bas, A.D., Yazici, E.Y., Deveci, H., 2012. Treatment of a Copper-Rich Gold Ore by Ammonia Assisted Cyanide Leaching. XXVI. International Mineral Processing Congress (IMPC), New Delhi, 356-365.
  • Bascombe, L., Mach, L., Altman, K.A., 2013. Technical Report on the Çöpler Mineral Resource Update Erzincan Province. Turkey, No. Canadian National Instrument, 43-101, Alacer Gold.
  • Bayat, O., Mordogan, H., Vapur, H., Akyol, F., 2002. Gümüş Tesisi Atık Sularından Siyanürün Geri Kazanımının Araştırılması. (TÜBİTAK YDABÇAG No. 199Y102).
  • Botz, M. M., Mudder, T. I., Akcil, A.U., 2005. Cyanide Treatment: Physical, Chemical and Biological Processes. Advances in Gold Ore Processing, Western Australia, Chapter 28, Eds: M. D. Adams ve B. A. Wills, Elsevier.
  • Botz, M., Kaczmarek, A., Orser, S., 2011. Managing Copper in Leach Solution at the Çöpler Gold Mine: Laboratory Testing and Process Design. Minerals & Metallurgical Processing, 28, 133-138.
  • Breuer, P., 2015. Dealing with Copper in Gold Ores; Implemented and Future Approaches. ALTA 2015 Gold-Precious Metals Proceedings, 2-20.
  • Breuer, P.L., Jeffrey, M.I., Dai, X., 2005. Leaching and Recovery of Copper During the Cyanidation of Copper Containing Gold Ores. In: Treatment Of Gold Ores - First Int. Symp., 44. Annual Conference of Metallurgists of CIM, Alberta, Canada, Eds: G.Deschenes, D.Hodounin, L. Lorenzen, 279–293.
  • Celep, O., 2015. Altın Cevherlerinin Zenginleştirilmesi. Türkiye Alim Kitapları, s.221.
  • Celep, O., Altınkaya, P., Yazici, E.Y., Deveci, H., 2016. Effect of Ultrafine-Grinding on Cyanide Leaching of Copper Bearing Pyritic Gold Concentrate. Proceedings of XV. International Mineral Processing Symposium and Exhibition (IMPS) (Eds: M.S.Çelik, G.Bulut, F.Karakaş, O.Güven, H.Baştürkçü, Z.Tarsus), 19-21 Oct., İstanbul, Turkey, 202-216.
  • Conradie, P. J., Johns, M. W., Fowles, R. J., 1995. Elution and Electrowinning of Gold from Gold-Selective Strong-Base Resins. Hydrometallurgy, 37, 349-366.
  • Corrans, I.J., Kyle, J.H., 2000. An Overview of Unit Operations and Processes Used for Treating Gold and Copper Ores. Eds: M.D. Adams, Proc. of the Oretest Colloquium 99, 10 November, Oretest Pty Ltd, Perth, Australia, 3–16.
  • Cuenca, H. E., Febre P. C., House, F. A., ARCADIS, 2012. The SART Process: An Attractive Technology to Recover Copper and Cyanide from Gold Mining. 2° International Workshop, 12-13 April 2012, Santiago- Chile.
  • Dai, X., Breuer, P. L., 2009. Cyanide and Copper Cyanide Recovery by Activated Carbon. Minerals Engineering, 22, 469–476.
  • Dai, X., Breuer, P., 2013. Comparison of AVR and Gas Membrane Technology in Cyanide Recovery. ALTA 2013 Gold Conference, Perth, Australia, 25 May-1 June, 253-268.
  • Dai, X., 2016. The reasons of Gold Refractory, Gold Ore Classification, and Preprocessing Methods. International Sales Engineer at Hot Mining Technology Co. Ltd. (Yayınlanma tarihi 28 Kasım 2016) (https://www. linkedin.com/pulse/reasons-gold-refractory-ore-classification- methods-elvis-dai).
  • Dai, X., Simons, A., Breuer, P., 2012. A Review of Copper Cyanide Recovery Technologies for The Cyanidation of Copper Containing Gold Ores. Minerals Engineering, 25, 1-13.
  • Dai, X.W., Breuer, P.L., Jeffrey, M.I., 2010a. Comparison of Activated Carbon and Ion-Exchange Resins in Recovering Copper from Cyanide Leach Solutions. Hydrometallurgy, 101 (1-2), 48-57.
  • Dai, X.W., Breuer, P.L., Jeffrey, M.I., 2010b. Electrowinning of Copper from Copper Cyanide Solutions at Low Ph. ECS Transactions, 28, 6, 281-294.
  • Davis, M. R., MacKenzie, M. W., Sole, K. C., Virnig, M. J., 1999. Recovery of Cu and CN- by SX from Solutions Produced in Leaching of Cu/Au Ores. (https://www.researchgate. net/publication/237431632_RECOVERY_ OF_CU_AND_CN_BY_SX_FROM_SOLUTIONS_ PRODUCED_IN_LEACHING_OF_CUAU_ORES).
  • Demopoulos, G.P., Cheng, T.C., 2004. A Case Study of CIP Tails Slurry Treatment: Comparison of Cyanide Recovery to Cyanide Destruction. The European Journal of Mineral Processing and Environmental Protection, 4, No. 1, 1303-0868, 1-9.
  • Deveci, H., Yazıcı, E.Y., Alp, I., Uslu, T., 2006. Removal of Cyanide from Aqueous Solutions by Plain and Metal- Impregnated Granular Activated Carbons. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 79, 198-208. Estay, H., 2018. Designing the SART Process – A Review. Hydrometallurgy, 176, 147–165.
  • Estay, H., Carvajal, P., Arriagada, F., 2012. The SART Process: An Attractive Technology to Recover Copper and Cyanide from Gold Mining. M2R2 Workshop, Expomin 2012, April, Santiago, Chile, (http://www.expomin. cl/marketing/pdf/2012/presentacion_arcadis. pdf) (Erişim Tarihi: 01.02.2017).
  • Estay, H., Carvajal, P., González, K., Vásquez, V., 2013. A Theoretical Study of SART Precipitate Generation: Operational and Safety Impacts. In: Valenzuela F, Young C (Hrsg.), 5th In. Seminar on Process Hydrometallurgy (Hydroprocess), 10-12 July, Gecamin, Santiago, Chile, 153-160.
  • EU, 2006. Directive 2006/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2006 on the Management of Waste from Extractive Industries and Amending Directive 2004/35/EC (Mining Waste Directive), The European Parliament and The Council of the European Union OJotEU, 11.04.2016.
  • Fleming, C. A., Cromberge, G., 1984. The Extraction of Gold from Cyanide Solutions by Strong- and Weak- Base Anion-Exchange Resins. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 84, 125-137.
  • Fleming, C. A., Melashvili, M., 2016. A Re-Examination of the Sacred Cows in the SART Process. 48th Annual Canadian Mineral Processors Conference, Ottawa, Ontario, 187-205.
  • Fleming, C. A., 1998. The Potential Role of Anion Exchange Resins in the Gold Industry. EPD Congress, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 95-117.
  • Fleming, C. A., 2016. Cyanide Recovery, Gold Ore Processing. 2nd Edition, Chapter 36, Eds: M. D. Adams, Elsevier.
  • Fleming, C.A., 2003. The Economic and Environmental Case for Recovering Cyanide from Gold Plant Tailings. SGS Minerals Services, Technical Paper #2003-02.
  • Fleming, C.A., 2010. Cyanide Management in the Gold Industry. SGS Minerals Services, Technical Paper #2010-04.
  • Fleming, C.A., 2011. Dealing with Cyanide-Soluble Copper in the Gold Mining Industry. Fray International Symposium on Metals and Materials Processing in a Clean Environment, 27 November-01 December, Mexica, 173–190.
  • Flett, D., 1992. Solution Purification. Hydrometallurgy, 30, 327-344.
  • Ford, K., Fleming, C., Henderson, R., 2008. Application of the SART Process to Heap Leaching of Gold-Copper Ores at Maricunga, Chile. In: 40th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Mineral Processors, Ottawa, January 22-24.
  • Gönen, N., Kabasakal, O.S., Özdil, G., 2004. Recovery of Cyanide in Gold Leach Waste Solution by Volatilization and Absorption. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 113, 231–236.
  • Green Gold, 2018a. RECYN Application, PT Green Green Gold Engineering (https://www.greengoldengineering. com/2017/03/24/recyn-application/) (Erişim Tarihi: 28.03.2018)
  • Green Gold, 2018b. What is the RECYN Process?, Green Gold Engineering (https://www.greengoldengineering. com/the-recyn-process/) (Erişim Tarihi: 07.03.2018)
  • Habashi, F., 2009. Gold. History, Metallurgy, Culture. Laval University, Quebec City.
  • Habashi, F., 2016. Gold – An Historical Introduction, Gold Ore Processing. 2nd Edition, Chapter 1, Eds: M. D. Adams, Elsevier.
  • Hedjazi, F., Monhemius, A.J., 2013. Copper-Gold Ore Processing with Ion Exchange and SART Technology at Anglo Asian’s Gedabek Mine in Azerbaijan. In: 23rd International Mining Congress & Exhibition of Turkey (IMCET), 16-19 April, Antalya, Turkey, 1385–1393.
  • Henley, K.J., 1975. Gold-Ore Mineralogy and Its Relation to Metallurgical Treatment. Minerals Science Engineering, 7, 289–310.
  • HSC Chemistry, 2011. Chemical Reaction and Equilibrium Software. Outotec Research Oy, v. 7.18. ICMI, 2016. Auditor Guidance for the Use of the Mining Operations Verification Protocol. The International Cyanide Management Institute (ICMI).
  • Kesler, S.E., Chryssoulis, S.L., Simon, G., 2002. Gold in Porphyry Copper Deposits: Its Abundance and Fate. Ore Geology Reviews, 21, 103-124.
  • Koza Altın İşletmeleri, 2013. Mastra Altın Madeni, (http://kozaaltin.com.tr/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/ MASTRA1.pdf).
  • Kuyucak, N., Akcil, A., 2013. Cyanide and Removal Options from Effluents in Gold Mining and Metallurgical Processes. Minerals Engineering, 50–51, 13-29.
  • Kyle, J.H., Hefter, G.,2015. A Critical Review of the Thermodynamics of Hydrogen Cyanide and Copper(I)– 70
  • Cyanide Complexes in Aqueous Solution. Hydrometallurgy, 154, 78–87.
  • La Brooy, S.R., Linge, H.G., Walker, G.S., 1994. Review of Gold Extraction from Ores, Minerals Engineering, 7, 1213–1241.
  • Leão, V. A., Ciminelli, V. S. T., 2010. Application of Ion Exchange Resins in Gold Hydrometallurgy: A Tool for Cyanide Recycling. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 18, 3, 567-582.
  • Lemos, F. A., Sobral, L. G. S., Dutra, A. J. B., 2006. Copper Electrowinning from Gold Plant Waste Streams. Minerals Engineering, 19, 388–398.
  • Logsdon, M.J., Hagelstein, K., Mudder, T.I., 2001. The Management of Cyanide in Gold Extraction. International Council on Metals and the Environment (ICME).
  • Lu, J., 1999. Copper Electrowinning from Cyanide Solutions. Doktoral Thesis, p.306, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
  • Lukey, G.C., van Deventer, J.S.J., Shallcross, D.C., 2000. Selective Elution of Copper and Iron Cyanide Complexes from Ion Exchange Resins Using Saline Solutions. Hydrometallurgy 56, 217–236.
  • Marsden, J., House, I., 2006. The Chemistry of Gold Extraction. Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, USA.
  • Mudder, T. I., Botz, M. M., 2001a. The Chemistry and Treatment of Cyanidation Wastes. Mining Journal Books Ltd, London, p.393.
  • Mudder, T. I., Botz, M. M., 2001b. The Cyanide Monograph. Mining Journal Books Ltd., London, p.605.
  • Nodwell, M., Kratochvil, D., Lopez, O., 2012. Risk Management and Mitigation for the SART Copper Cyanide Recovery Process. HYDROPROCESS 2012, 4th International Seminar on Process Hydrometallurgy, 12-13 July, Santiago, Chile, 1-7.
  • O’Malley, G.P., 2002. Recovery of Gold from Thiosulfate Solutions and Pulps with Anion Exchange Resins. Doktoral Thesis, p.284, Murdoch University, Western Australia.
  • Paterson, M. R., 2017. The RECYN Process - Changing The Negative Perception of Cyanide. Proceedings of Gold Sessions at ALTA 2017, 20-27 May, Perth, Australia.
  • Potter, G.M., Tucson, A., Bergmann, A., Haidlen, U., 1986. Process of Recovering Copper and of Optionally Recovering Gold by Leaching of Oxide and Sulfide-Containing Materials with Water- Soluble Cyanides. US Patent 4587110, 6 May.
  • Resmi Gazete, 2015. Maden Atıkları Yönetmeliği. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı, 15 Temmuz 2015 Çarşamba, Sayı: 29417.
  • Ritcey, G.M., 2005. Tailings Management in Gold Plants. Hydrometallurgy, 78, 3–20.
  • Riveros, P.A., 1993. Selectivity Aspects of the Extraction of Gold from Cyanide Solutions with Ion Exchange Resins. Hydrometallurgy, 33, (1–2), 43–58.
  • Riveros, P.A., Molnar, A.R., Baša, F., 1996. Treatment of a High-Cyanide Waste Solution for Cyanide and Metal Recovery. CIM Bulletin., 89, 153–156.
  • Sceresini, B., Breuer, P., 2016. Gold-Copper Ores, Gold Ore Processing. 2nd Edition, Chapter 43, Ed: M. D. Adams, Elsevier.
  • Sceresini, B., 2005. Gold-Copper Ores, Advances in Gold Ore Processing. Western Australia, Chapter 32, Eds: M. D. Adams ve B. A. Wills, Elsevier.
  • SGS, 2006. Gold Processing. SGS Minerals Services. SGS, 2013a. Cyanide Recovery. SGS Minerals Services – T3 SGS 019, 11-2013.
  • SGS, 2013b. Hannah Process, SGS Minerals Services – T3 SGS 001, 10-2013.
  • Shantz, R., Reich, J., 1978. A Review of Copper-Cyanide Metallurgy. Hydrometallurgy, 3, 99–109.
  • Shen, Z., Han, B., Wickramasinghe, S. R., 2006. Cyanide Removal from Industrial Praziquantel Wastewater using Integrated Coagulation–Gas-Filled Membrane Absorption. Desalination, 195, 1, 40-50.
  • Simons, A., Breuer, P., 2013. Fundamental Investigations of SART for Cyanide and Copper Recovery. CIM Journals, 4, 145-152.
  • Sinclair, W.D., 2007. Porphyry Deposits, Mineral Deposits of Canada: A Synthesis of Major Deposit-Types, District Metallogeny, the Evolution of Geological Provinces, and Exploration Methods. Ed.: Goodfellow, W.D., Geological Association of Canada, Mineral Deposits Division, Special Publication, No. 5, 223–243.
  • Souza, C., Majuste, D., Dantas, M.S.S., Ciminelli, V.S.T., 2018. Effect of Zinc Ion On Copper Speciation and Adsorption On Activated Carbon. Hydrometallurgy, 176, 78–86.
  • Vapur, H., Bayat, O., 2007. Prediction of Cyanide Recovery from Silver Leaching Tailings with AVR using Multivariable Regression Analysis. Minerals Engineering, 20, 729–737.
  • Vapur, H., Bayat, O., Mordogan, H., Poole, C., 2005. Effects of Stripping Parameters on Cyanide Recovery in Silver Leaching Operations. Hydrometallurgy, 77, 279–286.
  • World Gold Council (WGC), 2018. Official Gold Reserves (https://www.gold.org/data/gold-reserves) (Erişim Tarihi: 07.02.2018; 09.14)
  • Xie, F., Dreisinger, D. B., 2010. Copper Solvent Extraction from Alkaline Cyanide Solution with Guanidine Extractant LIX 7950. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 20, 1136-1140.
  • Xie, F., Dreisinger, D., 2009a. Studies on Solvent Extraction of Copper and Cyanide from Waste Cyanide Solution. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 169, 333– 338.
  • Xie, F., Dreisinger, D., 2009b. Recovery of Copper Cyanide from Waste Cyanide Solution by LIX 7950. Minerals Engineering, 22,2, 190-195.
  • Xie, F., Dreisinger, D., 2009c. Copper Solvent Extraction from Alkaline Cyanide Solution with Guanidine Extractant LIX 7950. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 20, 6, 1136-1140.
  • Xie, F., 2010. Solvent Extraction of Copper and Cyanide from Waste Cyanide Solution. Doktoral Thesis, p.128, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
  • Xie, F., Dreisinger, D., Doyle, F., 2013. A Review on Recovery of Copper and Cyanide from Waste Cyanide Solutions. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 34, 6, 387-411.
  • Yazıcı, E. Y., 2005. Atık Sulardaki Siyanürün Hidrojen Peroksit, Aktif Karbon Adsorpsiyonu ve Ses Ötesi Dalgalarla Uzaklaştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, s.141, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Trabzon.
  • Yazıcı, E.Y., Deveci, H., Alp, I., 2009. Treatment of Cyanide Effluents by Oxidation and Adsorption in Batch and Column Studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 166, 1362–1366.
  • Yazıcı, E.Y., Deveci, H., Alp, I., Uslu, T., 2007. Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide and Removal of Cyanide from Solutions using Ultrasonic Waves. Desalination, 216, 209–221.
  • Yazıcı, E.Y., Deveci, H., Alp, İ., Uslu, T., Celep O., 2006. Factors Affecting Decomposition of Cyanide by Hydrogen Peroxide. Eds.: Önal, G., Acarkan, N., Çelik, M. S., Arslan, F., Ateşok, G., Güney, A., Sirkeci, A. A., Yüce, A. E., Perek, K.T., Proc. of The XXIII. International Mineral Processing Congress (IMPC), 3, 3-8 September, İstanbul, Turkey, 2439-2444.
  • Yılmaz, E., Ahlatcı, F., Yazıcı, E. Y., Celep, O., Deveci, H., 2017. Recovery of Cyanide from Effluents using Carbon Dioxide. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology, 3, No 2, 171-177.
  • Yiğit, O., 2006. Gold in Turkey—A Missing Link in Tethyan Metallogeny. Ore Geology Reviews, 28, 147– 179.
Year 2019, Volume: 58 Issue: 1, 53 - 71, 01.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.537646

Abstract

References

  • Adams, M., Lawrence, R., Bratty, M., 2008. Biogenic Sulphide for Cyanide Recycle and Copper Recovery in Gold–Copper Ore Processing. Minerals Engineering, 21/6, 509–517.
  • Adams, M.D., 2013. Impact of Recycling Cyanide and Its Reaction Products on Upstream Unit Operations. Minerals Engineering, 53, 241-255.
  • Ahlatcı, F., Yılmaz, E., Yazıcı, E.Y., Celep, O., Deveci, H., 2017. Adsorption of Heavy Metals from Waste Cyanide Solutions with Anionic Resins (Atık Siyanür Çözeltilerinden Anyonik Reçineler ile Ağır Metallerin Adsorpsiyonu). International Symposium of Mining and Environment (ISME) (Eds: T.Güler, M.Erdemoğlu, E.Polat), 27-29 September, Bodrum, 533-541 (in Turkish).
  • Akçay, M., Gündüz, Ö., 2004. Porphyry Cu–Au Mineralisation Associated with a Multi-Phase Intrusion and Related Replacement Fronts in Limestones in an Island Arc Setting Near the Gümüşhane Village (Artvin) In The Eastern Black Sea Province (Turkey). Chemie Der Erde - Geochemistry, 64, 359–383.
  • Alonso-González O., Nava-Alonso F., Jimenez-Velasco C., Uribe-Salas A., 2013. Copper Cyanide Removal by Precipitation with Quaternary Ammonium Salts. Minerals Engineering, 42, 43–49.
  • Baker, B., Rodriques, F., Littlejohn, P., 2017. SART Implementation at Gold Mines in Latin America. The Conference of Metallurgists (COM), August 27-30, Paper no: 9489, Canadian Institute of Mining, Metallurgy and Petroleum, 8.
  • Bas, A.D., Koc, E., Yazici, E.Y., Deveci, H., 2015. Treatment of Copper-Rich Gold Ore by Cyanide Leaching, Ammonia Pretreatment and Ammoniacal Cyanide Leaching. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 25, 597-607.
  • Bas, A.D., Yazici, E.Y., Deveci, H., 2012. Treatment of a Copper-Rich Gold Ore by Ammonia Assisted Cyanide Leaching. XXVI. International Mineral Processing Congress (IMPC), New Delhi, 356-365.
  • Bascombe, L., Mach, L., Altman, K.A., 2013. Technical Report on the Çöpler Mineral Resource Update Erzincan Province. Turkey, No. Canadian National Instrument, 43-101, Alacer Gold.
  • Bayat, O., Mordogan, H., Vapur, H., Akyol, F., 2002. Gümüş Tesisi Atık Sularından Siyanürün Geri Kazanımının Araştırılması. (TÜBİTAK YDABÇAG No. 199Y102).
  • Botz, M. M., Mudder, T. I., Akcil, A.U., 2005. Cyanide Treatment: Physical, Chemical and Biological Processes. Advances in Gold Ore Processing, Western Australia, Chapter 28, Eds: M. D. Adams ve B. A. Wills, Elsevier.
  • Botz, M., Kaczmarek, A., Orser, S., 2011. Managing Copper in Leach Solution at the Çöpler Gold Mine: Laboratory Testing and Process Design. Minerals & Metallurgical Processing, 28, 133-138.
  • Breuer, P., 2015. Dealing with Copper in Gold Ores; Implemented and Future Approaches. ALTA 2015 Gold-Precious Metals Proceedings, 2-20.
  • Breuer, P.L., Jeffrey, M.I., Dai, X., 2005. Leaching and Recovery of Copper During the Cyanidation of Copper Containing Gold Ores. In: Treatment Of Gold Ores - First Int. Symp., 44. Annual Conference of Metallurgists of CIM, Alberta, Canada, Eds: G.Deschenes, D.Hodounin, L. Lorenzen, 279–293.
  • Celep, O., 2015. Altın Cevherlerinin Zenginleştirilmesi. Türkiye Alim Kitapları, s.221.
  • Celep, O., Altınkaya, P., Yazici, E.Y., Deveci, H., 2016. Effect of Ultrafine-Grinding on Cyanide Leaching of Copper Bearing Pyritic Gold Concentrate. Proceedings of XV. International Mineral Processing Symposium and Exhibition (IMPS) (Eds: M.S.Çelik, G.Bulut, F.Karakaş, O.Güven, H.Baştürkçü, Z.Tarsus), 19-21 Oct., İstanbul, Turkey, 202-216.
  • Conradie, P. J., Johns, M. W., Fowles, R. J., 1995. Elution and Electrowinning of Gold from Gold-Selective Strong-Base Resins. Hydrometallurgy, 37, 349-366.
  • Corrans, I.J., Kyle, J.H., 2000. An Overview of Unit Operations and Processes Used for Treating Gold and Copper Ores. Eds: M.D. Adams, Proc. of the Oretest Colloquium 99, 10 November, Oretest Pty Ltd, Perth, Australia, 3–16.
  • Cuenca, H. E., Febre P. C., House, F. A., ARCADIS, 2012. The SART Process: An Attractive Technology to Recover Copper and Cyanide from Gold Mining. 2° International Workshop, 12-13 April 2012, Santiago- Chile.
  • Dai, X., Breuer, P. L., 2009. Cyanide and Copper Cyanide Recovery by Activated Carbon. Minerals Engineering, 22, 469–476.
  • Dai, X., Breuer, P., 2013. Comparison of AVR and Gas Membrane Technology in Cyanide Recovery. ALTA 2013 Gold Conference, Perth, Australia, 25 May-1 June, 253-268.
  • Dai, X., 2016. The reasons of Gold Refractory, Gold Ore Classification, and Preprocessing Methods. International Sales Engineer at Hot Mining Technology Co. Ltd. (Yayınlanma tarihi 28 Kasım 2016) (https://www. linkedin.com/pulse/reasons-gold-refractory-ore-classification- methods-elvis-dai).
  • Dai, X., Simons, A., Breuer, P., 2012. A Review of Copper Cyanide Recovery Technologies for The Cyanidation of Copper Containing Gold Ores. Minerals Engineering, 25, 1-13.
  • Dai, X.W., Breuer, P.L., Jeffrey, M.I., 2010a. Comparison of Activated Carbon and Ion-Exchange Resins in Recovering Copper from Cyanide Leach Solutions. Hydrometallurgy, 101 (1-2), 48-57.
  • Dai, X.W., Breuer, P.L., Jeffrey, M.I., 2010b. Electrowinning of Copper from Copper Cyanide Solutions at Low Ph. ECS Transactions, 28, 6, 281-294.
  • Davis, M. R., MacKenzie, M. W., Sole, K. C., Virnig, M. J., 1999. Recovery of Cu and CN- by SX from Solutions Produced in Leaching of Cu/Au Ores. (https://www.researchgate. net/publication/237431632_RECOVERY_ OF_CU_AND_CN_BY_SX_FROM_SOLUTIONS_ PRODUCED_IN_LEACHING_OF_CUAU_ORES).
  • Demopoulos, G.P., Cheng, T.C., 2004. A Case Study of CIP Tails Slurry Treatment: Comparison of Cyanide Recovery to Cyanide Destruction. The European Journal of Mineral Processing and Environmental Protection, 4, No. 1, 1303-0868, 1-9.
  • Deveci, H., Yazıcı, E.Y., Alp, I., Uslu, T., 2006. Removal of Cyanide from Aqueous Solutions by Plain and Metal- Impregnated Granular Activated Carbons. International Journal of Mineral Processing, 79, 198-208. Estay, H., 2018. Designing the SART Process – A Review. Hydrometallurgy, 176, 147–165.
  • Estay, H., Carvajal, P., Arriagada, F., 2012. The SART Process: An Attractive Technology to Recover Copper and Cyanide from Gold Mining. M2R2 Workshop, Expomin 2012, April, Santiago, Chile, (http://www.expomin. cl/marketing/pdf/2012/presentacion_arcadis. pdf) (Erişim Tarihi: 01.02.2017).
  • Estay, H., Carvajal, P., González, K., Vásquez, V., 2013. A Theoretical Study of SART Precipitate Generation: Operational and Safety Impacts. In: Valenzuela F, Young C (Hrsg.), 5th In. Seminar on Process Hydrometallurgy (Hydroprocess), 10-12 July, Gecamin, Santiago, Chile, 153-160.
  • EU, 2006. Directive 2006/21/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 March 2006 on the Management of Waste from Extractive Industries and Amending Directive 2004/35/EC (Mining Waste Directive), The European Parliament and The Council of the European Union OJotEU, 11.04.2016.
  • Fleming, C. A., Cromberge, G., 1984. The Extraction of Gold from Cyanide Solutions by Strong- and Weak- Base Anion-Exchange Resins. Journal of the Southern African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, 84, 125-137.
  • Fleming, C. A., Melashvili, M., 2016. A Re-Examination of the Sacred Cows in the SART Process. 48th Annual Canadian Mineral Processors Conference, Ottawa, Ontario, 187-205.
  • Fleming, C. A., 1998. The Potential Role of Anion Exchange Resins in the Gold Industry. EPD Congress, The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society, 95-117.
  • Fleming, C. A., 2016. Cyanide Recovery, Gold Ore Processing. 2nd Edition, Chapter 36, Eds: M. D. Adams, Elsevier.
  • Fleming, C.A., 2003. The Economic and Environmental Case for Recovering Cyanide from Gold Plant Tailings. SGS Minerals Services, Technical Paper #2003-02.
  • Fleming, C.A., 2010. Cyanide Management in the Gold Industry. SGS Minerals Services, Technical Paper #2010-04.
  • Fleming, C.A., 2011. Dealing with Cyanide-Soluble Copper in the Gold Mining Industry. Fray International Symposium on Metals and Materials Processing in a Clean Environment, 27 November-01 December, Mexica, 173–190.
  • Flett, D., 1992. Solution Purification. Hydrometallurgy, 30, 327-344.
  • Ford, K., Fleming, C., Henderson, R., 2008. Application of the SART Process to Heap Leaching of Gold-Copper Ores at Maricunga, Chile. In: 40th Annual Meeting of the Canadian Mineral Processors, Ottawa, January 22-24.
  • Gönen, N., Kabasakal, O.S., Özdil, G., 2004. Recovery of Cyanide in Gold Leach Waste Solution by Volatilization and Absorption. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 113, 231–236.
  • Green Gold, 2018a. RECYN Application, PT Green Green Gold Engineering (https://www.greengoldengineering. com/2017/03/24/recyn-application/) (Erişim Tarihi: 28.03.2018)
  • Green Gold, 2018b. What is the RECYN Process?, Green Gold Engineering (https://www.greengoldengineering. com/the-recyn-process/) (Erişim Tarihi: 07.03.2018)
  • Habashi, F., 2009. Gold. History, Metallurgy, Culture. Laval University, Quebec City.
  • Habashi, F., 2016. Gold – An Historical Introduction, Gold Ore Processing. 2nd Edition, Chapter 1, Eds: M. D. Adams, Elsevier.
  • Hedjazi, F., Monhemius, A.J., 2013. Copper-Gold Ore Processing with Ion Exchange and SART Technology at Anglo Asian’s Gedabek Mine in Azerbaijan. In: 23rd International Mining Congress & Exhibition of Turkey (IMCET), 16-19 April, Antalya, Turkey, 1385–1393.
  • Henley, K.J., 1975. Gold-Ore Mineralogy and Its Relation to Metallurgical Treatment. Minerals Science Engineering, 7, 289–310.
  • HSC Chemistry, 2011. Chemical Reaction and Equilibrium Software. Outotec Research Oy, v. 7.18. ICMI, 2016. Auditor Guidance for the Use of the Mining Operations Verification Protocol. The International Cyanide Management Institute (ICMI).
  • Kesler, S.E., Chryssoulis, S.L., Simon, G., 2002. Gold in Porphyry Copper Deposits: Its Abundance and Fate. Ore Geology Reviews, 21, 103-124.
  • Koza Altın İşletmeleri, 2013. Mastra Altın Madeni, (http://kozaaltin.com.tr/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/ MASTRA1.pdf).
  • Kuyucak, N., Akcil, A., 2013. Cyanide and Removal Options from Effluents in Gold Mining and Metallurgical Processes. Minerals Engineering, 50–51, 13-29.
  • Kyle, J.H., Hefter, G.,2015. A Critical Review of the Thermodynamics of Hydrogen Cyanide and Copper(I)– 70
  • Cyanide Complexes in Aqueous Solution. Hydrometallurgy, 154, 78–87.
  • La Brooy, S.R., Linge, H.G., Walker, G.S., 1994. Review of Gold Extraction from Ores, Minerals Engineering, 7, 1213–1241.
  • Leão, V. A., Ciminelli, V. S. T., 2010. Application of Ion Exchange Resins in Gold Hydrometallurgy: A Tool for Cyanide Recycling. Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange, 18, 3, 567-582.
  • Lemos, F. A., Sobral, L. G. S., Dutra, A. J. B., 2006. Copper Electrowinning from Gold Plant Waste Streams. Minerals Engineering, 19, 388–398.
  • Logsdon, M.J., Hagelstein, K., Mudder, T.I., 2001. The Management of Cyanide in Gold Extraction. International Council on Metals and the Environment (ICME).
  • Lu, J., 1999. Copper Electrowinning from Cyanide Solutions. Doktoral Thesis, p.306, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
  • Lukey, G.C., van Deventer, J.S.J., Shallcross, D.C., 2000. Selective Elution of Copper and Iron Cyanide Complexes from Ion Exchange Resins Using Saline Solutions. Hydrometallurgy 56, 217–236.
  • Marsden, J., House, I., 2006. The Chemistry of Gold Extraction. Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration, USA.
  • Mudder, T. I., Botz, M. M., 2001a. The Chemistry and Treatment of Cyanidation Wastes. Mining Journal Books Ltd, London, p.393.
  • Mudder, T. I., Botz, M. M., 2001b. The Cyanide Monograph. Mining Journal Books Ltd., London, p.605.
  • Nodwell, M., Kratochvil, D., Lopez, O., 2012. Risk Management and Mitigation for the SART Copper Cyanide Recovery Process. HYDROPROCESS 2012, 4th International Seminar on Process Hydrometallurgy, 12-13 July, Santiago, Chile, 1-7.
  • O’Malley, G.P., 2002. Recovery of Gold from Thiosulfate Solutions and Pulps with Anion Exchange Resins. Doktoral Thesis, p.284, Murdoch University, Western Australia.
  • Paterson, M. R., 2017. The RECYN Process - Changing The Negative Perception of Cyanide. Proceedings of Gold Sessions at ALTA 2017, 20-27 May, Perth, Australia.
  • Potter, G.M., Tucson, A., Bergmann, A., Haidlen, U., 1986. Process of Recovering Copper and of Optionally Recovering Gold by Leaching of Oxide and Sulfide-Containing Materials with Water- Soluble Cyanides. US Patent 4587110, 6 May.
  • Resmi Gazete, 2015. Maden Atıkları Yönetmeliği. Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı, 15 Temmuz 2015 Çarşamba, Sayı: 29417.
  • Ritcey, G.M., 2005. Tailings Management in Gold Plants. Hydrometallurgy, 78, 3–20.
  • Riveros, P.A., 1993. Selectivity Aspects of the Extraction of Gold from Cyanide Solutions with Ion Exchange Resins. Hydrometallurgy, 33, (1–2), 43–58.
  • Riveros, P.A., Molnar, A.R., Baša, F., 1996. Treatment of a High-Cyanide Waste Solution for Cyanide and Metal Recovery. CIM Bulletin., 89, 153–156.
  • Sceresini, B., Breuer, P., 2016. Gold-Copper Ores, Gold Ore Processing. 2nd Edition, Chapter 43, Ed: M. D. Adams, Elsevier.
  • Sceresini, B., 2005. Gold-Copper Ores, Advances in Gold Ore Processing. Western Australia, Chapter 32, Eds: M. D. Adams ve B. A. Wills, Elsevier.
  • SGS, 2006. Gold Processing. SGS Minerals Services. SGS, 2013a. Cyanide Recovery. SGS Minerals Services – T3 SGS 019, 11-2013.
  • SGS, 2013b. Hannah Process, SGS Minerals Services – T3 SGS 001, 10-2013.
  • Shantz, R., Reich, J., 1978. A Review of Copper-Cyanide Metallurgy. Hydrometallurgy, 3, 99–109.
  • Shen, Z., Han, B., Wickramasinghe, S. R., 2006. Cyanide Removal from Industrial Praziquantel Wastewater using Integrated Coagulation–Gas-Filled Membrane Absorption. Desalination, 195, 1, 40-50.
  • Simons, A., Breuer, P., 2013. Fundamental Investigations of SART for Cyanide and Copper Recovery. CIM Journals, 4, 145-152.
  • Sinclair, W.D., 2007. Porphyry Deposits, Mineral Deposits of Canada: A Synthesis of Major Deposit-Types, District Metallogeny, the Evolution of Geological Provinces, and Exploration Methods. Ed.: Goodfellow, W.D., Geological Association of Canada, Mineral Deposits Division, Special Publication, No. 5, 223–243.
  • Souza, C., Majuste, D., Dantas, M.S.S., Ciminelli, V.S.T., 2018. Effect of Zinc Ion On Copper Speciation and Adsorption On Activated Carbon. Hydrometallurgy, 176, 78–86.
  • Vapur, H., Bayat, O., 2007. Prediction of Cyanide Recovery from Silver Leaching Tailings with AVR using Multivariable Regression Analysis. Minerals Engineering, 20, 729–737.
  • Vapur, H., Bayat, O., Mordogan, H., Poole, C., 2005. Effects of Stripping Parameters on Cyanide Recovery in Silver Leaching Operations. Hydrometallurgy, 77, 279–286.
  • World Gold Council (WGC), 2018. Official Gold Reserves (https://www.gold.org/data/gold-reserves) (Erişim Tarihi: 07.02.2018; 09.14)
  • Xie, F., Dreisinger, D. B., 2010. Copper Solvent Extraction from Alkaline Cyanide Solution with Guanidine Extractant LIX 7950. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 20, 1136-1140.
  • Xie, F., Dreisinger, D., 2009a. Studies on Solvent Extraction of Copper and Cyanide from Waste Cyanide Solution. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 169, 333– 338.
  • Xie, F., Dreisinger, D., 2009b. Recovery of Copper Cyanide from Waste Cyanide Solution by LIX 7950. Minerals Engineering, 22,2, 190-195.
  • Xie, F., Dreisinger, D., 2009c. Copper Solvent Extraction from Alkaline Cyanide Solution with Guanidine Extractant LIX 7950. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China, 20, 6, 1136-1140.
  • Xie, F., 2010. Solvent Extraction of Copper and Cyanide from Waste Cyanide Solution. Doktoral Thesis, p.128, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
  • Xie, F., Dreisinger, D., Doyle, F., 2013. A Review on Recovery of Copper and Cyanide from Waste Cyanide Solutions. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review, 34, 6, 387-411.
  • Yazıcı, E. Y., 2005. Atık Sulardaki Siyanürün Hidrojen Peroksit, Aktif Karbon Adsorpsiyonu ve Ses Ötesi Dalgalarla Uzaklaştırılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, s.141, Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Trabzon.
  • Yazıcı, E.Y., Deveci, H., Alp, I., 2009. Treatment of Cyanide Effluents by Oxidation and Adsorption in Batch and Column Studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 166, 1362–1366.
  • Yazıcı, E.Y., Deveci, H., Alp, I., Uslu, T., 2007. Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide and Removal of Cyanide from Solutions using Ultrasonic Waves. Desalination, 216, 209–221.
  • Yazıcı, E.Y., Deveci, H., Alp, İ., Uslu, T., Celep O., 2006. Factors Affecting Decomposition of Cyanide by Hydrogen Peroxide. Eds.: Önal, G., Acarkan, N., Çelik, M. S., Arslan, F., Ateşok, G., Güney, A., Sirkeci, A. A., Yüce, A. E., Perek, K.T., Proc. of The XXIII. International Mineral Processing Congress (IMPC), 3, 3-8 September, İstanbul, Turkey, 2439-2444.
  • Yılmaz, E., Ahlatcı, F., Yazıcı, E. Y., Celep, O., Deveci, H., 2017. Recovery of Cyanide from Effluents using Carbon Dioxide. Mugla Journal of Science and Technology, 3, No 2, 171-177.
  • Yiğit, O., 2006. Gold in Turkey—A Missing Link in Tethyan Metallogeny. Ore Geology Reviews, 28, 147– 179.
There are 94 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Collection
Authors

Elif Yılmaz 0000-0001-8789-0007

Ersin Y. Yazıcı 0000-0002-8711-0784

Oktay Celep This is me 0000-0001-9024-4196

Hacı Deveci 0000-0003-4105-0912

Publication Date March 1, 2019
Submission Date July 12, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 58 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Yılmaz, E., Yazıcı, E. Y., Celep, O., Deveci, H. (2019). LİÇ ATIKLARINDAN SİYANÜRÜN GERİ KAZANIMI YÖNTEMLERİ. Bilimsel Madencilik Dergisi, 58(1), 53-71. https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.537646
AMA Yılmaz E, Yazıcı EY, Celep O, Deveci H. LİÇ ATIKLARINDAN SİYANÜRÜN GERİ KAZANIMI YÖNTEMLERİ. Mining. March 2019;58(1):53-71. doi:10.30797/madencilik.537646
Chicago Yılmaz, Elif, Ersin Y. Yazıcı, Oktay Celep, and Hacı Deveci. “LİÇ ATIKLARINDAN SİYANÜRÜN GERİ KAZANIMI YÖNTEMLERİ”. Bilimsel Madencilik Dergisi 58, no. 1 (March 2019): 53-71. https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.537646.
EndNote Yılmaz E, Yazıcı EY, Celep O, Deveci H (March 1, 2019) LİÇ ATIKLARINDAN SİYANÜRÜN GERİ KAZANIMI YÖNTEMLERİ. Bilimsel Madencilik Dergisi 58 1 53–71.
IEEE E. Yılmaz, E. Y. Yazıcı, O. Celep, and H. Deveci, “LİÇ ATIKLARINDAN SİYANÜRÜN GERİ KAZANIMI YÖNTEMLERİ”, Mining, vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 53–71, 2019, doi: 10.30797/madencilik.537646.
ISNAD Yılmaz, Elif et al. “LİÇ ATIKLARINDAN SİYANÜRÜN GERİ KAZANIMI YÖNTEMLERİ”. Bilimsel Madencilik Dergisi 58/1 (March 2019), 53-71. https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.537646.
JAMA Yılmaz E, Yazıcı EY, Celep O, Deveci H. LİÇ ATIKLARINDAN SİYANÜRÜN GERİ KAZANIMI YÖNTEMLERİ. Mining. 2019;58:53–71.
MLA Yılmaz, Elif et al. “LİÇ ATIKLARINDAN SİYANÜRÜN GERİ KAZANIMI YÖNTEMLERİ”. Bilimsel Madencilik Dergisi, vol. 58, no. 1, 2019, pp. 53-71, doi:10.30797/madencilik.537646.
Vancouver Yılmaz E, Yazıcı EY, Celep O, Deveci H. LİÇ ATIKLARINDAN SİYANÜRÜN GERİ KAZANIMI YÖNTEMLERİ. Mining. 2019;58(1):53-71.

22562 22561 22560 22590 22558