Farklı indirgeyiciler kullanılarak bir manganlı demir cevherinden mangan çözündürülmesinin araştırılması

Year 2022, Volume: 61 Issue: 2, 83 - 92, 26.06.2022

Soner Top Mahmut Altıner Sait Kurşunoğlu

https://doi.org/10.30797/madencilik.989453

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, bir manganlı demir cevherinden manganez çözünmesi indirgeyici liç yöntemiyle incelenmiştir. Sülfürik asit (H2SO4) çözeltisi içerisinde cevherden seçimli olarak manganez çözünümü için indirgeyici ajan olarak çeşitli kimyasallar kullanılmıştır. Öncelikle indirgeyici kullanılmadan seçimli mangan çözünmesi için optimum çözünme değerleri belirlenmiştir. Cevherden manganezin seçimli çözünümü hedeflendiğinden indirgeyici liç testleri, %11.54 Mn ve %2.16 Fe çözünme değerlerinin elde edildiği optimum parametreler altında (1 saat liç süresi, 300 rpm karıştırma hızı, 70 °C sıcaklık ve 1 M sülfürik asit konsantrasyonu) indirgeyici eklenerek gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çeşitli organik bileşikler kullanılarak (tartarik asit (C4H6O6), oksalik asit (C2H2O4), sitrik asit (C6H8O7), glikoz (C6H12O6), sükroz (C12H22O11) ve maleik asit (C4H4O4)) %97,46’ya varan yüksek verimlerde mangan çözünümü sağlanmıştır.

Keywords

Manganlı demir cevheri, Mangan, Demir, Çözünme, İndirgeyici

Supporting Institution

TÜBİTAK

Project Number

119M690

Thanks

Bu çalışma, Türkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu (TÜBİTAK) tarafından desteklenmiştir (Proje kodu: 119M690).

Investigation on manganese extraction from a manganiferous iron ore using different reductants

Abstract

In this paper, the manganese extraction from a manganiferous iron ore was investigated using reductive leaching. Various chemicals were used as a reducing agent to leach manganese selectively from the ore in the presence of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) solution. Firstly, optimum dissolution values were determined for selective manganese dissolution without using a reducing agent. As it was aimed at the selective extraction of manganese from the ore, the reductive leaching tests were conducted by adding the reducing agents under the following optimal parameters: a leaching time of 1 h, a stirring speed of 300 rpm, a temperature of 70 °C, a sulfuric acid concentration of 1 M where the ore was leached with an extraction ratio of 11.54% Mn and 2.16% Fe. Manganese was dissolved with high efficiencies (up to 97.46%) from the ore by using different organic compounds (tartaric acid (C4H6O6), oxalic acid (C2H2O4), citric acid (C6H8O7), glucose (C6H12O6), sucrose (C12H22O11), and maleic acid (C4H4O4)) as the reducing agents.

Keywords

Manganiferous iron ores, Manganese, Iron, Dissolution, Reductant

Project Number

119M690

References

• Chen, W., Lei, Y., Jiang, Y. 2016. Influencing factors analysis of China’s iron import price: Based on quantile regression model. Resources Policy. doi: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2016.02.007.
• Cheng, Z., Zhu, G., Zhao, Y. 2009. Study in reduction-roast leaching manganese from low-grade manganese dioxide ores using cornstalk as reductant. Hydrometallurgy. doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2008.08.004.
• Coetsee, T. 2018. MnO reduction in high carbon ferromanganese production: practice and theory. Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review. doi: 10.1080/08827508.2018.1459618.
• Ding, J., Chai, T., Cheng, W., Zheng, X. 2015. Data-based multiplemodel prediction of the production rate for hematite ore beneficiation process. Control Engineering Practice. doi: 10.1016/j.conengprac.2015.08.015.
• Ewees, A.A., Elaziz, M.A., Alameer, Z., Ye, H., Jianhua, Z. 2020. Improving multilayer perceptron neural network using chaotic grasshopper optimization algorithm to forecast iron ore price volatility. Resources Policy. doi: 10.1016/j.resourpol.2019.101555.
• Fan, D., Yang, P., 1999. Introduction to and classification of manganese deposits of China. Ore Geology Reviews. doi: 10.1016/S0169-1368(99)00011-6.
• Furlani, G., Moscardini, E., Pagnanelli, F., Ferella, F., Vegliò, F., Toro, L. 2009. recovery of manganese from zinc alkaline batteries by reductive acid leaching using carbohydrates as reductant. Hydrometallurgy. doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2009.07.005.
• Gao, L., Liu, Z., Chu, M., Wang, R., Wang, Z., Feng, C. 2018. Upgrading of low-grade manganese ore based on reduction roasting and magnetic separation technique. Separation Science and Technology. doi: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1504795.
• Gao, Y., Olivas-Martinez, M., Sohn, H.Y., Kim, H.G., Kim, C.W. 2012. Upgrading of Low-Grade Manganese Ore by Selective Reduction of Iron Oxide and Magnetic Separation. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B. doi: 10.1007/s11663-012-9731-6.
• Ghafarizadeh, B., Rashchi, F., Vahidi, E., 2011. Recovery of manganese from electric arc furnace dust of ferromanganese production units by reductive leaching. Minerals Engineering. doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2010.11.003.
• Gutzmer, J., Beukes, N. J. 2009. Iron And Manganese Ore Deposits: Mineralogy, Geochemistry, And Economic Geology. De Vivo, B., Grasemann, B., Stüwe, K. (Ed.). Geology - Volume IV, EOLSS publishers. France.
• Hariprasad, D., Dash, B., Ghosh, M. K., Anand, S. 2007. Leaching of manganese ores using sawdust as a reductant. Minerals Engineering. doi: 10.1016/J.MINENG.2007.07.013.
• Hartmann, H. 1874. Spiegeleisen Manufacturing. In Fifth Annual Report of the Geological Survey of Indiana, pp. 71-101. Indianapolis, IN: Sentinel Company, Printers.
• He, J., Liu, C., Xie, J., Hong, P., Yao, Y. 2017. Beneficiation of coarse particulate iron ore by using a dry density-based fluidized bed separator. Powder Technology. doi: 10.1016/j.powtec.2017.07.007.
• IBOM (Indian Bureau of Mines), 2014. Manganese ore – vision 2020 and beyond.
• https://ibm.gov.in/writereaddata/files/11052014103838Manganese_Ore_Vision_2020_and_Beyond.pdf. [Erişim tarihi: 11 Ocak 2020].
• Joseph, T.L., Royster, P.H., Kinney, S.P. 1926. Utilization of manganiferous ıron ores (Technical Paper). United States. Bureau of Mines, United States. Government Printing Office. Kuleshov, V., Maynard, J.B. 2017. Isotope geochemistry: the origin and formation of manganese rocks and ores. Elsevier. Amsterdam.
• Lasheen, T.A., El-Hazek, M.N., Helal, A.S., El-Nagar, W. 2009. Recovery of manganese using molasses as reductant ın nitric acid solution. International Journal of Mineral Processing. Doi: 10.1016/j.minpro.2009.03.001.
• Li, C., Zhong, H., Wang, S., Xue, J., Wu, F., Zhang, Z. 2015. Manganese extraction by reduction–acid leaching from low-grade manganese oxide ores using cas as reductant. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(15)63772-4.
• Li, G. The chinese iron ore deposits and ore production, iron ores and ıron oxide materials, Volodymyr Shatokha, IntechOpen, doi: 10.5772/intechopen.76729. 2018.
• Li, S., Yan, J., Pei, Q., Sha, J., Mou, S., Xiao, Y. 2019. Risk ıdentification and evaluation of the long-term supply of manganese mines in china based on the vw-bgr method. Sustainability. doi: 10.3390/su11092683.
• Liu, B., Zhang, Y., Lu, M., Su, Z., Li, G., Jiang, T. 2019a. Extraction and separation of manganese and iron from ferruginous manganese ores: A review. Minerals Engineering. doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2018.11.016.
• Liu, B., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Wang, J., Su, J., Li, G., Jiang, T. 2018. New understanding on separation of Mn and Fe from ferruginous manganese ores by the magnetic reduction roasting process. Applied Surface Science. doi: 10.1016/j.apsusc.2018.02.234
• Liu, B., Zhang, Y., Wang, J., Wang, J., Su, Z., Li, G., Jiang, T. 2019b. A Further Investigation On The MnO2-Fe2O3 System Roasted Under CO-CO2 Atmosphere. Advanced Powder Technology. doi: 10.1016/j.apt.2018.11.006.
• Lu, Y., Ma, H., Huang, R., Yuan, A., Huang, Z., Zhou, Z. 2015. Reductive leaching of low-grade pyrolusite with formic acid. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B. doi: 10.1007/s11663-015-0380-4.
• Luther, G.W., Ruppel, D.T., Burkhard, C. 1998. Reactivity of dissolved mn(ııı) complexes and mn(ıv) species with reductants: mn redox chemistry without a dissolution step?. ACS Symposium Series. doi: 0.1021/bk-1998-0715.ch013.
• Martin, S.T., 2005. Precipitation and dissolution of iron and manganese oxides. Grassian, V.H. (Ed.). Environmental Catalysis, CRC Press.
• Mehdilo, A., Irannajad, M., Hojjatı-Rad, M.R. 2013. Characterization and beneficiation of Iranian low-grade manganese ore. Physicochemical Problems of Mineral Processing. doi: 10.5277/ppmp130230.
• Mishra, P.P., Mohapatra, B.K., Mahanta, K. 2009. Upgradation of low-grade siliceous manganese ore from Bonai-Keonjhar Belt, Orissa, India. Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering. 8(1), 47-56.
• Momade, F.W.Y., Momade, Zs.G. 1999. Reductive leaching of manganese oxide ore in aqueous methanol–sulphuric acid medium. Hydrometallurgy. doi: 10.1016/S0304-386X(98)00077-2.
• Muthalib, N., Abdullah, N.S., Ismail, S. 2018. Reductive Leaching Of Low Grade Manganese Ore (LGMO) Using Glucose In Sulphuric Acid : Optimization Condition Using Response Surface Methodology. ASEAN Engineering Journal. doi: 10.11113/aej.v8.15503.
• Naik, P.K., Sukla, L.B., Das, S.C. 2000. Aqueous SO2 leaching studies on Nishikahal manganese ore through factorial experiment. Hydrometallurgy. doi: 10.1016/S0304-386X(99)00075-4.
• Nayak, B.B., Mishra, K.G., Paramguru, R.K. 1999. Kinetics and mechanism of mno2 dissolution in h2so4 in the presence of pyrite. Journal of Applied Electrochemistry. doi: 10.1023/A:1003490810114.
• Nayl, A.A., Ismail, I.M., Aly, H.F. 2011. Recovery of pure MnSO4∙H2O by reductive leaching of manganese from pyrolusite ore by sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide. International Journal of Mineral Processing. doi: 10.1016/j.minpro.2011.05.003.
• Nurjaman, F., Saputra, H., Astuti, W., Ferdian, D.,Suharno, B. 2018. Ferromanganese production from the mixture of medium-grade and low-grade Indonesian manganese ore. Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies. doi: 10.1080/2374068X.2017.1419411.
• Öztürk, H. 1997. Manganese deposits in Turkey: Distribution, types and tectonic setting. Ore Geology Reviews. doi: 10.1016/S0169-1368(97)00005-X.
• Pourbaix, M. 1974. Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions. Pergamon Press, Oxford.
• Prasetyo, E., Purwaningsih, E., Astuti, W. 2019. Selective-reductive leaching of manganese from low-grade manganese ore using tannic acid as reductant. Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration. doi: 10.1007/s42461-019-00115-6.
• Rath, S.S., Tripathy, S.K., Rao, D.S., Biswal, S.K. 2018. Characterization and reduction roasting studies of an iron rich manganese ore. Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals. doi: 10.1007/s12666-017-1218-3.
• Rose, A.W., Means, B., Shah, P.J., 2003. Methods for passive removal of manganese from acid mine drainage. In: Proceedings of West Virginia Surface Mine Drainage Task Force Symposium. Morgantown, WV (USA), p. 11.
• Sahoo, R.N., Naik, P.K., Das, S.C. 2001. Leaching Of Manganese From Low-Grade Manganese Ore Using Oxalic Acid As Reductant In Sulphuric Acid Solution. Hydrometallurgy. doi: 10.1016/S0304-386X(01)00196-7.
• Shrimali, K., Atluri, V., Wang, Y., Bacchuwar, S., Wang, X., Miller, J. D. 2018. The Nature Of Hematite Depression With Corn Starch In The Reverse Flotation Of Iron Ore. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. doi: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.04.002.
• Shrimali, K., Yin, X., Wang, X., Miller, J.D. 2017. Fundamental issues on the influence of starch in amine adsorption by quartz. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.03.031
• Singh, V., Ghosh, T. K., Ramamurthy, Y., Tathavadkar, V. 2011. Beneficiation and agglomeration process to utilize low-grade ferruginous manganese ore fines. International Journal of Mineral Processing. doi: 10.1016/j.minpro.2011.03.003.
• Sinha, M.K., Purcell, W. 2019. Reducing agents in the leaching of manganese ores: A comprehensive review. Hydrometallurgy. doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.05.021.
• Sinha, M.K., Purcell, W., Van Der Westhuizen, W.A. 2020. Recovery of manganese from ferruginous manganese ore using ascorbic acid as reducing agent. Minerals Engineering. doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106406.
• Sobianowska-Turek, A., Szczepaniak, W., Zabłocka-Malicka, M. 2014. Electrochemical evaluation of manganese reducers – Recovery of Mn from Zn–Mn and Zn–C battery waste. Journal of Power Sources. doi: 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2014.07.136.
• Stone, A.T. 1986. Adsorption of organic reductants and subsequent electron transfer on metal oxide surfaces. Davis, J.A., Davis, K.F., Hayes, K.F. (Ed.). Geochemical Processes at Mineral Surfaces, American Chemical Society, Washington DC, pp. 446-461.
• Tang, Q., Zhong, H., Wang, S., Li, J., Liu, G. 2014. Reductive leaching of manganese oxide ores using waste tea as reductant ın sulfuric acid solution. Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China. doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(14)63136-8.
• Tian, X., Wen, X., Yang, C., Liang, Y., Pi, Z., Wang, Y. 2010. Reductive leaching of manganese from low-grade manganese oxide ores using corncob as reductant ın sulfuric acid solution. Hydrometallurgy. doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2009.11.008.
• Tripathy, S.K., Banerjee, P.K., Suresh, N. 2015. Effect of desliming on the magnetic separation of low-grade ferruginous manganese ore. International Journal of Minerals, Metallurgy, and Materials. doi: 10.1007/s12613-015-1120-0.
• USGS, 2020a. Manganese Statistics and Information. https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/manganese/. [Erişim tarihi: 16 Mayıs 2020].
• USGS, 2020b. Iron ore Statistics and Information. https://www.usgs.gov/centers/nmic/iron-ore-statistics-and-information. [Erişim tarihi: 16 Mayıs 2020].
• Vapur, H., Top, S. 2016. Improving of quality properties of the specularite ore. Çukurova University Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture. doi: 10.21605/cukurovaummfd.317835.
• Vapur, H., Top, S., Altıner, M., Uçkun, Ş., Sarıkaya, M. 2020. Comparison of ıron ores upgraded with falcon concentrator and magnetic separators assisted by coal reduction-conversion process. Particulate Science and Technology. doi: 10.1080/02726351.2018.1548532.
• Veglio, F., Toro, L. 1994. Fractional factorial experiments in the development of manganese dioxide leaching by sucrose in sulphuric acid solutions. Hydrometallurgy. doi: 10.1016/0304-386X(94)90007-8.
• Xiong, S., Li, X., Liu, P., Hao, S., Hao, F., Yin, Z., Liu, J. 2018. Recovery of manganese from low-grade pyrolusite ore by reductively acid leaching process using lignin as a low cost reductant. Minerals Engineering. doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2018.06.003.
• You, Z., Li, G., Zhang, Y., Peng, Z., Jiang, T. 2015. Extraction of manganese from iron rich MnO2 ores via selective sulfation roasting with SO2 followed by water leaching. Hydrometallurgy. doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2015.05.017.
• Yu, J., Han, Y., Li, Y., Gao, P. 2017. Beneficiation of an ıron ore fines by magnetization roasting and magnetic separation. International Journal of Mineral Processing. doi: 10.1016/j.minpro.2017.09.012.