Review
BibTex RIS Cite

GÖZ HAREKETLERi iLE DUYARSIZLAŞTIRMA VE YENiDEN İŞLEME (EMDR)

Year 2018, Issue: 47, 526 - 545, 20.07.2018

Abstract

Bu çalışmada psikodinamik, bilişsel, davranışçı, bilişsel davranışçı ve
danışan merkezli  yaklaşımların öğelerini
bir araya getiren, kapsamlı ve yapılandırılmış, güçlü bir bütüncül psikoterapi
yöntemi olan göz hareketleriyle duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme (Eye
Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing-EMDR) tanıtılmış, EMDR’ın temeli olan
uyumsal bilgi işleme modeli açıklanmış, EMDR’ın sekiz uygulama aşaması,
yaklaşımın etkililiğine ilişkin yurt içinde ve yurt dışında yapılan
araştırmalara yer verilmiştir.
EMDR
1987 yılında istemli ve sistematik olarak yapılan göz hareketlerinin, olumsuz
ve rahatsız edici düşüncelerin yoğunluğunu azalttığı tezinden hareketle
Francine Shapiro tarafından geliştirilmiştir.
Geliştirildiği günden bu yana oldukça ilgi gören ve ülkemizde de son yıllarda
daha fazla tercih edilmeye başlanan terapi yöntemlerinden biridir. Araştırmalar
akıl ve ruh sağlığı alanında EMDR’ın olumlu etkilerini ortaya koymasına ve
ülkemizde de daha fazla tercih edilmeye başlanmış olmasına rağmen yurt içinde
yapılan kontrollü çalışmaların sayısı halen sınırlıdır. EMDR öğrenilmesi
ve uygulanmasının kolay olması ve hızlı sonuç alınması açısından okul
psikolojik danışmanları/rehber öğretmenlerin kullanımına da uygun niteliktedir.

References

  • Balcom, D., Call, E., & Pearlman, D. N. (2000). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment of internalized shame. Traumatology, 6(2), 69-83.
  • Barker, R.T.. & Barker S.B. (2007). The use of emdr in reducing presentation anxiety. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1(2), 100-108.
  • Bauman W, Melnyk WT (1994) A controlled comparison of eye movements and finger tapping in the treatment of test anxiety. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 25(1):29-33.
  • Bisson, J., Ehlers A., Matthews, R., Pilling, S., Richar, D. & Turner, S. (2007). Psychological treatments for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. Systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(2),97-104.
  • Brown, K., McGoldrick T. & Buchanan, R. (1997). Body dysmorphic disorder: seven cases treated with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 25, 203-207.
  • Brown S., & Shapiro, F. (2006). EMDR in the treatment of borderline personality disorder. Clinical Case Studies,1, 403-420.
  • Carlson, JG., Chemtob, CM., Rusnak K., Hedlund NL. & Muraoka MY (1998). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal Trauma Stress. 11(1), 3-24.
  • Chemtob, C.M., Nakashima, J. & Carlson, J.G. (2002). Brief treatment for elementary school children with disaster-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a field study. Journal Of Clinical Psychology, Vol. 58(1), 99–112.
  • Cvetek, R.. (2008). EMDR Treatment of distressful experiences that fail to meet the criteria for PTSD. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2, 117-132.
  • Demirci, O.O., Sağaltıcı, E. & Yıldırım, A. (2015). Özgül fobinin göz hareketleri ile duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme yöntemi ile tedavisi: bir olgu sunumu. Klinik Psikiyatri, 18, 124-129.
  • Denizli, S. (2008). Göz hareketleriyle duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme: yaklaşımın etkililiği ve bugünkü durumu. Ege Eğitim Dergisi,9 (2).
  • EMDR Birinci Düzey Eğitimi. 27.11.2017 tarihinde http://www.emdr-tr.org/i-duzey-egitimi/ adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • EMDR İkinci Düzey Eğitimi. 27.11.2017 tarihinde http://www.emdr-tr.org/ii-duzey-egitimi/ adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Enright, M., Baldo T. B. ve Wykes, S. D. (2000). The Efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reorocessing therapy technique in the treatment of test anxiety of college students. Journal Of College Counseling, 3.
  • Gauvreau, P., & Bouchard, S. (2008). Preliminary evidence for the effi cacy of emdr in treating generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2 (1), 26-40.
  • Grant, M., & Threlfo, C. (2002). EMDR in the treatment of chronic pain. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(12), 1505–1520.
  • Hensel, T. (2009). EMDR with children and adolescents after single-incident trauma. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3, 1-9.
  • Ironson, G., Freund, B., Strauss, J.L. & Williams, J. (2002). Comparison of two treatments for traumatic stress: a community-based study of EMDR and prolonged exposure. Journal Of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 113–128.
  • Jaberghaderi, N., Greenwald, R., Rubin, A., Zand1, S.O. & Dolatabadi1, S. (2004). A comparison of CBT and EMDR for sexually-abused Iranian girls. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 11, 358–368.
  • Kavakçı, Ö., Kaptanoğlu, E., Kuğu, N., Doğan, O. (2010). EMDR Fibromiyalji tedavisinde yeni bir seçenek olabilir mi? Olgu sunumu ve gözden geçirme. Klinik Psikiyatri, 13, 143-151.
  • Kavakçı, O., Semiz, M., Kaptanoğlu, E., Özer, Z. (2012). Fibromiyaljide EMDR’nin etkinliğinin araştırılması: Yedi olguyu içeren bir klinik çalışma. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 13. 75-81.
  • Kavakçı Ö. & Yenicesu, G.İ. (2014). Hiperemesis gravidarum tedavisi için göz hareketleri ile duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme (EMDR) tedavisi: olgu serisi. Düşünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 27, 335-341.
  • Korn, D.L., & Leeds, A.M. (2002). Preliminary evidence of efficacy for EMDR resource development and installation in the stabilization phase of treatment of complex posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clınıcal Psychology, 58(12), 1465–1487.
  • Lapsekili, N. & Yelboğa, Z. (2014). Uçuş fobisinin göz hareketleri ile duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme (EMDR) yöntemi ile tedavisi: bir olgu sunumu. Düşünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 27, 168-172.
  • Lee, C., Gavriel, H., Drummond, P., Richards, J. & Greewald, R. (2002). Treatment of PTSD: stress ınoculation training with prolonged exposure compared to EMDR. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(9), 1071–1089.
  • Marcus, S., Marquis, P. & Sakai, C. (1997). Controlled study of treatment of PTSD using EMDR in an HMO setting. Psychotherapy, 34, 307-315.
  • Maxfield, L. (2009). EMDR milestones: the first 20 years. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, Volume 3, Number 4, 2009.
  • Maxfield, L., & Hyer, L. (2002). The relationship between effi cacy and methodology in studies investigating EMDR treatment of PTSD. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 23–41.
  • Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (2002). Psikososyal Müdahale Hizmetleri Genelgesi. https://orgm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2015_10/08101631_psikososyalmdahalehizmetlerigenelgesi.pdf adresinden 26.11.2017 tarihinde indirilmiştir.
  • Muris, P., & Merkelbach, H. (1997). Treating spider phobics with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A controlled study. Behavioural and Cognitive Therapy, 25(1), 39−50.
  • Power, K., McGoldrick, T., & Brown, K. (2002). A controlled comparison of EMDR versus exposure plus cognitive restructuring versus wait list in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 9, 299–318.
  • Puffer, M. K., Greenwald, R., & Elrod, D. E. (1998). A single session EMDR study with twenty traumatized children and adolescents. Traumatology, 3(2).
  • Rathschlag, M., & Memmert, D. (2014). Reducing anxiety and enhancing physical performance by using an advanced version of EMDR: a pilot study. Brain Behavior, 4(3), 348–355.
  • Scheck, M. M., Schaeffer, J. and Gillette, C. (1998). Brief psychological intervention with traumatized young women: the efficacy of EMDR. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11, 25-44.
  • Schneider, J., Hofmann, A., Rost, C. & Shapiro F. (2008). EMDR in the treatment of chronic phantom limb pain. American Academy of Pain Medicine, 9(1), 76-82.
  • Shapiro, F. (1989a). Efficacy of the eye movement desensitization procedure in the treatment of traumatic memories. Journal of traumatic Stress Studies, 2, 199-223.
  • Shapiro, F. (1989b). Eye movement desensitization: a new treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Behavior therapy and experiment psychiatry, 20, 211-217.
  • Shapiro, F. (1996). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Evaluation of controlled PTSD research. Journal Behavior Therapy and Exposure Psychiatry, 27, 209-218.
  • Shapiro, F. (1996). Errors of context and review of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing research. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 27, 313-317.
  • Shapiro, F. (2001). Eyemovement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols, and procedures. 2. Baskı. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Shapiro, F. (2002). EMDR 12 years after its introduction: past and future research. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 1-22.
  • Shapiro, F., & Maxfield, L. (2002). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Information processing in the treatment of trauma. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 933–946.
  • Shapiro, F. (2007). EMDR, Adaptive information processing, and case conseptualization. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1-2, 68-87.
  • Shapiro, E. (2012). EMDR and early psychological intervention following trauma. European Review of Applied Psychology, 62, 241-251.
  • Sinici, E. (2009). Trafik kazaları sonrasında gelişen akut stres bozukluğu: Bir müdahale tekniğinin uygulanabilirliği. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Soberman, G. B., Greenwald, R. ve Rule, D. L. (2002). A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (emdr) for boys with conduct problem. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 6:1, 217-236.
  • Solomon, R. M., & Shapiro, F. (2008). EMDR and the adaptive information processing model: potential mechanisms of change. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2, 315–325.
  • Solomon, R., & Oren, E. (2012). EMDR therapy: An overview of its development and mechanisms of action. European Review of Applied Psychology, 62(4), 197-203.
  • Stapleton, J., Taylor, S., & Asmundson, G. (2006). Effects of three PTSD treatments on anger and guilt: exposure therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and relaxation training. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 19 (1), 19–28.
  • Süpervizyon, EMDR Süpervizyonları. 27.11.2017 tarihinde http://www.emdr-tr.org/supervizyon/ adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Torun, F. (2010). Vajinismusun EMDR yöntemi ile tedavisi: İki olgu sunumu. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21(3):243-48.
  • Tutarel-Kışlak, Ş. (2004). Kaygı duyarlığını azaltmada göz hareketleriyle duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme (EMDR) tedavisi. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 19 (53), 49 – 65.
  • Tutarel-Kışlak, Ş. (2004). Görme engelli bireyde göz hareketleriyle duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme tedavi yönteminin dize hafifçe vurma alternatifinin uygulaması: bir olgu sunumu. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 7, 77-90.
  • Yaşar, A.B., Zengin-Eroğlu M., Kavakçı, Ö., Abamor, A.E. & Tavacıoğlu, E. (2017). Kalıcı komplike yas bozukluğu tedavisinde göz hareketleri ile duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme (EMDR)’nin hızlı etkinliği: iki olgu. Düşünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 30, 154-159.
  • Wanders, F., Serra, M. & Jongh A. (2008). EMDR versus CBT for children with self-esteem and behavioral problems: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research. 2-3, 180-189.
Year 2018, Issue: 47, 526 - 545, 20.07.2018

Abstract

References

  • Balcom, D., Call, E., & Pearlman, D. N. (2000). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing treatment of internalized shame. Traumatology, 6(2), 69-83.
  • Barker, R.T.. & Barker S.B. (2007). The use of emdr in reducing presentation anxiety. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1(2), 100-108.
  • Bauman W, Melnyk WT (1994) A controlled comparison of eye movements and finger tapping in the treatment of test anxiety. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 25(1):29-33.
  • Bisson, J., Ehlers A., Matthews, R., Pilling, S., Richar, D. & Turner, S. (2007). Psychological treatments for chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. Systematic review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 190(2),97-104.
  • Brown, K., McGoldrick T. & Buchanan, R. (1997). Body dysmorphic disorder: seven cases treated with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy, 25, 203-207.
  • Brown S., & Shapiro, F. (2006). EMDR in the treatment of borderline personality disorder. Clinical Case Studies,1, 403-420.
  • Carlson, JG., Chemtob, CM., Rusnak K., Hedlund NL. & Muraoka MY (1998). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) treatment for combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal Trauma Stress. 11(1), 3-24.
  • Chemtob, C.M., Nakashima, J. & Carlson, J.G. (2002). Brief treatment for elementary school children with disaster-related posttraumatic stress disorder: a field study. Journal Of Clinical Psychology, Vol. 58(1), 99–112.
  • Cvetek, R.. (2008). EMDR Treatment of distressful experiences that fail to meet the criteria for PTSD. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2, 117-132.
  • Demirci, O.O., Sağaltıcı, E. & Yıldırım, A. (2015). Özgül fobinin göz hareketleri ile duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme yöntemi ile tedavisi: bir olgu sunumu. Klinik Psikiyatri, 18, 124-129.
  • Denizli, S. (2008). Göz hareketleriyle duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme: yaklaşımın etkililiği ve bugünkü durumu. Ege Eğitim Dergisi,9 (2).
  • EMDR Birinci Düzey Eğitimi. 27.11.2017 tarihinde http://www.emdr-tr.org/i-duzey-egitimi/ adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • EMDR İkinci Düzey Eğitimi. 27.11.2017 tarihinde http://www.emdr-tr.org/ii-duzey-egitimi/ adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Enright, M., Baldo T. B. ve Wykes, S. D. (2000). The Efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reorocessing therapy technique in the treatment of test anxiety of college students. Journal Of College Counseling, 3.
  • Gauvreau, P., & Bouchard, S. (2008). Preliminary evidence for the effi cacy of emdr in treating generalized anxiety disorder. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2 (1), 26-40.
  • Grant, M., & Threlfo, C. (2002). EMDR in the treatment of chronic pain. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(12), 1505–1520.
  • Hensel, T. (2009). EMDR with children and adolescents after single-incident trauma. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 3, 1-9.
  • Ironson, G., Freund, B., Strauss, J.L. & Williams, J. (2002). Comparison of two treatments for traumatic stress: a community-based study of EMDR and prolonged exposure. Journal Of Clinical Psychology, 58(1), 113–128.
  • Jaberghaderi, N., Greenwald, R., Rubin, A., Zand1, S.O. & Dolatabadi1, S. (2004). A comparison of CBT and EMDR for sexually-abused Iranian girls. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 11, 358–368.
  • Kavakçı, Ö., Kaptanoğlu, E., Kuğu, N., Doğan, O. (2010). EMDR Fibromiyalji tedavisinde yeni bir seçenek olabilir mi? Olgu sunumu ve gözden geçirme. Klinik Psikiyatri, 13, 143-151.
  • Kavakçı, O., Semiz, M., Kaptanoğlu, E., Özer, Z. (2012). Fibromiyaljide EMDR’nin etkinliğinin araştırılması: Yedi olguyu içeren bir klinik çalışma. Anadolu Psikiyatri Dergisi, 13. 75-81.
  • Kavakçı Ö. & Yenicesu, G.İ. (2014). Hiperemesis gravidarum tedavisi için göz hareketleri ile duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme (EMDR) tedavisi: olgu serisi. Düşünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 27, 335-341.
  • Korn, D.L., & Leeds, A.M. (2002). Preliminary evidence of efficacy for EMDR resource development and installation in the stabilization phase of treatment of complex posttraumatic stress disorder. Journal of Clınıcal Psychology, 58(12), 1465–1487.
  • Lapsekili, N. & Yelboğa, Z. (2014). Uçuş fobisinin göz hareketleri ile duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme (EMDR) yöntemi ile tedavisi: bir olgu sunumu. Düşünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 27, 168-172.
  • Lee, C., Gavriel, H., Drummond, P., Richards, J. & Greewald, R. (2002). Treatment of PTSD: stress ınoculation training with prolonged exposure compared to EMDR. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58(9), 1071–1089.
  • Marcus, S., Marquis, P. & Sakai, C. (1997). Controlled study of treatment of PTSD using EMDR in an HMO setting. Psychotherapy, 34, 307-315.
  • Maxfield, L. (2009). EMDR milestones: the first 20 years. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, Volume 3, Number 4, 2009.
  • Maxfield, L., & Hyer, L. (2002). The relationship between effi cacy and methodology in studies investigating EMDR treatment of PTSD. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 23–41.
  • Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (2002). Psikososyal Müdahale Hizmetleri Genelgesi. https://orgm.meb.gov.tr/meb_iys_dosyalar/2015_10/08101631_psikososyalmdahalehizmetlerigenelgesi.pdf adresinden 26.11.2017 tarihinde indirilmiştir.
  • Muris, P., & Merkelbach, H. (1997). Treating spider phobics with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: A controlled study. Behavioural and Cognitive Therapy, 25(1), 39−50.
  • Power, K., McGoldrick, T., & Brown, K. (2002). A controlled comparison of EMDR versus exposure plus cognitive restructuring versus wait list in the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 9, 299–318.
  • Puffer, M. K., Greenwald, R., & Elrod, D. E. (1998). A single session EMDR study with twenty traumatized children and adolescents. Traumatology, 3(2).
  • Rathschlag, M., & Memmert, D. (2014). Reducing anxiety and enhancing physical performance by using an advanced version of EMDR: a pilot study. Brain Behavior, 4(3), 348–355.
  • Scheck, M. M., Schaeffer, J. and Gillette, C. (1998). Brief psychological intervention with traumatized young women: the efficacy of EMDR. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 11, 25-44.
  • Schneider, J., Hofmann, A., Rost, C. & Shapiro F. (2008). EMDR in the treatment of chronic phantom limb pain. American Academy of Pain Medicine, 9(1), 76-82.
  • Shapiro, F. (1989a). Efficacy of the eye movement desensitization procedure in the treatment of traumatic memories. Journal of traumatic Stress Studies, 2, 199-223.
  • Shapiro, F. (1989b). Eye movement desensitization: a new treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder. Journal of Behavior therapy and experiment psychiatry, 20, 211-217.
  • Shapiro, F. (1996). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Evaluation of controlled PTSD research. Journal Behavior Therapy and Exposure Psychiatry, 27, 209-218.
  • Shapiro, F. (1996). Errors of context and review of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing research. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 27, 313-317.
  • Shapiro, F. (2001). Eyemovement desensitization and reprocessing: Basic principles, protocols, and procedures. 2. Baskı. New York: Guilford Press.
  • Shapiro, F. (2002). EMDR 12 years after its introduction: past and future research. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 1-22.
  • Shapiro, F., & Maxfield, L. (2002). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR): Information processing in the treatment of trauma. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 58, 933–946.
  • Shapiro, F. (2007). EMDR, Adaptive information processing, and case conseptualization. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 1-2, 68-87.
  • Shapiro, E. (2012). EMDR and early psychological intervention following trauma. European Review of Applied Psychology, 62, 241-251.
  • Sinici, E. (2009). Trafik kazaları sonrasında gelişen akut stres bozukluğu: Bir müdahale tekniğinin uygulanabilirliği. Yayımlanmamış doktora tezi, Ankara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Ankara.
  • Soberman, G. B., Greenwald, R. ve Rule, D. L. (2002). A controlled study of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (emdr) for boys with conduct problem. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 6:1, 217-236.
  • Solomon, R. M., & Shapiro, F. (2008). EMDR and the adaptive information processing model: potential mechanisms of change. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research, 2, 315–325.
  • Solomon, R., & Oren, E. (2012). EMDR therapy: An overview of its development and mechanisms of action. European Review of Applied Psychology, 62(4), 197-203.
  • Stapleton, J., Taylor, S., & Asmundson, G. (2006). Effects of three PTSD treatments on anger and guilt: exposure therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing, and relaxation training. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 19 (1), 19–28.
  • Süpervizyon, EMDR Süpervizyonları. 27.11.2017 tarihinde http://www.emdr-tr.org/supervizyon/ adresinden erişilmiştir.
  • Torun, F. (2010). Vajinismusun EMDR yöntemi ile tedavisi: İki olgu sunumu. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21(3):243-48.
  • Tutarel-Kışlak, Ş. (2004). Kaygı duyarlığını azaltmada göz hareketleriyle duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme (EMDR) tedavisi. Türk Psikoloji Dergisi, 19 (53), 49 – 65.
  • Tutarel-Kışlak, Ş. (2004). Görme engelli bireyde göz hareketleriyle duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme tedavi yönteminin dize hafifçe vurma alternatifinin uygulaması: bir olgu sunumu. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 7, 77-90.
  • Yaşar, A.B., Zengin-Eroğlu M., Kavakçı, Ö., Abamor, A.E. & Tavacıoğlu, E. (2017). Kalıcı komplike yas bozukluğu tedavisinde göz hareketleri ile duyarsızlaştırma ve yeniden işleme (EMDR)’nin hızlı etkinliği: iki olgu. Düşünen Adam The Journal of Psychiatry and Neurological Sciences, 30, 154-159.
  • Wanders, F., Serra, M. & Jongh A. (2008). EMDR versus CBT for children with self-esteem and behavioral problems: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of EMDR Practice and Research. 2-3, 180-189.
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Derleme Makaleleri
Authors

Zuhal Asarlı Tokgöz

Publication Date July 20, 2018
Submission Date December 4, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2018 Issue: 47

Cite

APA Asarlı Tokgöz, Z. (2018). GÖZ HAREKETLERi iLE DUYARSIZLAŞTIRMA VE YENiDEN İŞLEME (EMDR). Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi(47), 526-545.