Protective Mechanism of Morus nigra on Carbon Tetrachloride Induced Brain Damage in Rats

Year 2017, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 97 - 108, 29.12.2017

Gülşah Yıldız Deniz

https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.341661

Abstract

Morus nigra (MN) is a common
fruit used all over the world. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a
dangerous neuropsychiatric complication of both acute and chronic liver
failure, and is the most common cause of death in patients with end-stage liver
disease. To our knowledge, this is the first study investigated the efficiencies of MN on the treatment of HE on cirrhotic rat liver model induced
by carbon
tetrachloride (CCI₄). In
this study it has been used superoxide dismutase (SOD)
and catalase (CAT) activities assays, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) immunohistochemistry and Haematoxylin-Eosin (H&E) staining in the brain, as well as aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine
aminotransferase (ALT) levels in liver tissue With this aim, 42 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into six groups: control, HE
control (1 mL/kg CCI₄/twice a week,
intraperitoneal), 125 mg/kg MN, 250 mg/kg MN, CCI₄+125 mg/kg MN and CCI₄+250 mg/kg MN groups. CCl₄ caused a significant increase in serum enzyme levels in
rat livers, compared with control. On the other hand, MN treatment restored the
biochemical parameters significantly in a dose-dependent manner. 8-OHdG
activity was significantly increased in CCI₄ group. However, these
increases were significantly decreased by MN treatment. While intraperitoneal administration
of MN significantly reduced oxidative stress, prevented apoptosis and caused an
increase in the antioxidant defence mechanism activity in brain compared to the
control group.  Brains of rats treated with MN showed less DNA damage
than treated groups with CCI₄. As a
result of this
study showed that MN has a neuroprotective effect because of its
anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, antioxidant properties.

Keywords

Morus nigra, hepatic encephalopathy, Carbon tetrachloride, Antioxidant enzymes

Sıçanlarda Karbon Tetraklorür İle Uyarılmış Beyin Hasarında Morus nigra'nın Koruyucu Mekanizması

Abstract

Morus
nigra (MN) tüm dünyada yaygın olarak
kullanılan bir meyvedir. Hepatik ensefalopati (HE) hem akut hem de kronik
karaciğer yetmezliğinde tehlikeli bir nöropsikiyatrik komplikasyondur ve son
dönem karaciğer hastalığı olan hastalarda en sık görülen ölüm nedenidir. Bilgimize göre bu, karbon
tetraklorür (CCI₄) ile indüklenen sirozlu sıçan karaciğeri modeli
üzerinde HE tedavisinde MN’nin etkilerinin araştırıldığı ilk çalışmadır. Bu
çalışmada, karaciğer
dokusunda aspartat aminotransferaz (AST) ve alanin aminotransferaz (ALT) seviyelerinin yanısıra beyin dokusunda 8-hidroksideoksiguanozin (8-OHdG) imünohistokimya ve Hematoksilen-eozin
boyaması, superoksid dismutaz (SOD) ve katalaz (CAT) aktivite testleri kullanıldı. Bu amaçla 42 Spraque-Dawley erkek sıçan 6 gruba ayrıldı:  kontrol, HE kontrol (1 mL/kg CCI₄/haftada 2, intraperitonal), 125 mg/kg MN, 250 mg/kg MN, CCI₄+125 mg/kg MN ve CCI₄+250
mg/kg MN grupları. CCI₄ sıçan karaciğerlerinde kontrol ile karşılaştırıldığında
serum enzim seviyelerinde belirgin bir artışa sebep oldu. Diğer taraftan MN uygulaması
biyokimyasal parametreleri doza bağımlı olarak önemli ölçüde düzeltti. 8-OHdG aktivitesi
CCI₄ grubunda belirgin olarak arttı. Ancak MN tedavisi ile bu
artışlar önemli ölçüde azaldı. MN'nin intraperitoneal olarak uygulanması, kontrol
grubuna kıyasla oksidatif stresi önemli ölçüde azaltırken, apoptozisi önledi ve
beyindeki antioksidan savunma mekanizması aktivitesinde artışa neden oldu. MN
ile tedavi edilen sıçan beyinleri CCI₄ ile tedavi edilen sıçanlara göre daha az DNA hasarı
gösterdi. Bu çalışmanın sonucu MN'nin anti-inflamatuar, antiapoptotik,
antioksidan özelliklerinden dolayı nöroprotektif etkiye sahip olduğunu
gösterdi.

Keywords

Morus nigra, hepatik ensephalopati, Karbon tetraklorit

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