Normative ranges of tympanometric measurements in cats

Year 2020, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 131 - 134, 30.12.2020

Yusuf Sirin , Özlem Şengöz Şirin

https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.813073

Abstract

Middle ear diseases are common in cats. The aim of this study was to determine the normative tympanometric data of cats. Tympanometry, which provides objective data in the examination of the middle ear in humans, can be used as a supplementary examination, especially in cats with middle ear diseases where the external ear canal is normal.
In this study, 30 healthy ears belonging to 15 cats which were classified as ASA-I were determined and evaluated according to equivalent ear canal volume (Vea), static acoustic admittance [Ytm (compliance)], tympanometric peak pressure (TPP) and gradient values under general anesthesia. Tympanometric measurements obtained from right and left ears were 0.61 ± 0.12 ml and 0.60 ± 0.12 ml Vea, 0.31 ± 0.11 ml and 0.31 ± 0.11 ml Ytm, -11.2 ± 26.9 daPa and -14.9 ± 29.2 daPa TPP, 0.19 ± 0.11 ml and 0.24 ± 0.18 ml gradient respectively.
Tympanometry as a supplementary examination is an easy to perform test in healthy cats with consistent results. It has the advantages of being completed in a short time, easy evaluation and providing information about middle ear without advanced imaging techniques. Results of this study represents the normative tympanometric measurements of cats which can be helpful distinguishing normal and abnormal conditions. Further studies needed to present exact values of standart tympanometric measurements and to introduce other variables like acustic refleks, wideband and multifrequency tympanometric results.

Keywords

tympanometry, cat, otitis media, static admittance

References

• 1. Moller AR. An Experimental Study of the Acoustic Impedance of the Middle Ear and Its Transmission Properties. Acta Otolaryngol. 1965; 60:129-149.
• 2. Jerger J. Clinical experience with impedance audiometry. Arch Otolaryngol. 1970; 92(4):311-324.
• 3. Sims MH. Clinical Evaluation of Auditory Function. In: Slatter D, editor. Textbook of Small Animal Surgery 3rd edn. Philadelphia, PA, USA: Elsevier Saunders; 2002. p. 1767-1773.
• 4. Harlor AD Jr, Bower C. Hearing assessment in infants and children: recommendations beyond neonatal screening. Pediatrics. 2009; 124(4):1252-1263.
• 5. Onusko E. Tympanometry. American Family Physician. 2004; 70 (9): 1713 – 1720.
• 6. Hunter LL, Sanford CA. Typmanometry and Wideband Acoustic Immitance. In: Marshall Chasin, Kristina English, Linda J. Hood, Kim L, editor(s). Handbook of Clinical Audiology. 7th ed. DanmarkTillery; 2015. p.137-140.
• 7. Haggard, MP., Higson, JM., Spencer, H. Air-conduction estimated from tympanometry (ACET) 1: Relationship to measured hearing in OME. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2009 Jan;73(1):21-42.
• 8. Fiellau-Nikolajsen M. Tympanometry and secretory otitis media. Observations on diagnosis, epidemiology, treatment, and prevention in prospective cohort studies of three-year-old children. Acta Otolaryngol Suppl. 1983 Jul;394:1-73.
• 9. Schilder AG, Chonmaitree T, Cripps AW, et al. Otitis media. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016 Sep;2:160-63.
• 10. Kitzman JV, Chambers JN, Coulter DB. The effects of halothane-and-oxygen anesthesia, and of halothane-nitrous oxide-and-oxygen anesthesia on tympanograms in the dog. J Aud Res. 1982;22(2):87-92.
• 11. Sims MH. Electrodiagnostic evaluation of auditory function. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1988; 18(4):913-44.
• 12. Strain GM, Fernandes AJ. Handheld tympanometer measurements in conscious dogs for the evaluation of the middle ear and auditory tube. Vet Dermatol. 2015; 26(3):193-197.
• 13. Osguthorpe JD, Lam C. Methodologic aspects of tympanometry in cats. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1981; 89(6):1037-1040.
• 14. Aage R. Møller. An Experimental Study of the Acoustic Impedance of the Middle Ear and Its Transmission Properties, Acta Oto-Laryngologica. 1965; 60:1-6, 129-149.