Kedi ve köpek gibi evcil hayvanlarda COVID-19 enfeksiyonları

Year 2021, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 158 - 162, 31.12.2021

Mehmet Demirci Akin Yığın Bekir Kocazeybek Oktay Keskin

https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.953646

Abstract

Koronavirüsler, hem farklı hayvan türlerinde, hem de insanlarda hastalıklara neden olabilen çok geniş bir virüs ailesi grubudur. Kedi ve köpeklerde farklı koronavirüslerle enfeksiyonlar görülmektedir. COVID-19 enfeksiyonuna bağlı salgın ve bir koronavirüs olan etkeni SARS-CoV-2 tüm dünyada halen çok hızlı yayılmaya devam etmektedir. Bu derlemede insanlarla yakın temasta bulunan evcil hayvanlar kedi ve köpeklerde COVID-19 enfeksiyonları ile ilgili yayınlanan çalışmaların değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Yapılan çalışmalar incelendiğinde, karantinadaki COVID-19 pozitif bireylerle temasları sonrası kedilerin, SARS-CoV-2’ye köpeklere göre daha duyarlı olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Kediler enfeksiyon durumunda köpeklere göre semptom gösterebilmektedir. SARS-CoV-2’nin ACE2 reseptörlerine bağlandığı RBD bölgesinin, kedilerde köpeklere kıyasla insanlara daha fazla benzerlik gösterdiği bildirilmiştir. Diğer memelilere göre hem kedi, hem de köpeklerde ACE2 proteini insanlara oldukça benzer olduğu görülmüştür. İncelenen çalışma verilerine göre, kedi ve köpeklerin farklı dokularında ACE2 reseptörü yüksek oranda eksprese edilmektedir. Sonuç olarak, SARS-CoV-2 kedi ve köpek gibi evcil hayvanlarda ACE2’nin farklı dokularında sıklıkla eksprese edilmesi ayrıca bağlanma bölgesinin insan ACE2 reseptörlerine benzer olmaları dolayısıyla tespit edilebilmektedir. Tek sağlık yaklaşımı ile farklı disiplinlerin birlikte çalışması gereken salgın döneminde COVID-19 enfeksiyonları gibi zoonotik enfeksiyonların önlenebilmesi için kedi ve köpek gibi yakın dostlarımızda moleküler surveyans çalışmalarının yapılması ve verilerin açık veritabanlarında sunularak takiplerinin yapılması gerektiği kanaatindeyiz.

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Kedi, Köpek

Supporting Institution

YOK

Project Number

YOK

Thanks

YOK

COVID-19 infections in pets such as cats and dogs

Abstract

Coronaviruses are a very large group of virus families that can cause diseases in both different animal species and humans. Infections with different coronaviruses are seen in cats and dogs. The epidemic due to COVID-19 infection and its etiological agent SARS-CoV-2, which is a coronavirus, continues to spread very rapidly all over the world. In this article, we aimed to compile published studies on COVID-19 infections in cats and dogs, which we are in close contact with. When the studies were examined, it was understood that cats were more sensitive to SARS-CoV-2 than dogs after contact with COVID-19 positive individuals in quarantine. Cats may show symptoms in case of infection, compared to dogs. The RBD region where SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2 receptors is reported more similar to humans in cats than dogs. ACE2 protein seemed very similar to humans in both cats and dogs compared to other mammals. ACE2 receptor is highly expressed in different tissues of them, according to the study data examined. In a conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 can be detected because ACE2 is frequently expressed in different tissues in domestic animals such as cats and dogs, and the binding site is similar to human ACE2 receptors. In order to prevent zoonotic infections such as COVID-19 infections during the epidemic period when different disciplines need to work together with a single health approach, we believe that molecular surveillance studies should be carried out on our close friends such as cats and dogs. The data should be presented in public database and followed.

Keywords

SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Cat, Dog, Coronaviruses

Project Number

YOK

References

• Colina SE, Serena MS, Echeverría MG, Metz GE. Clinical and molecular aspects of veterinary coronaviruses. Virus Res. 2021;297:198382. doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198382
• Demirci M, Ünlü Ö, Yiğin A, Yıldız Zeyrek F. SARSCoV-2 patogenezi ve Covid-19’da immün yanıt. Turk Mikrobiyol Cemiy Derg. 2020;50(4):183-91.
• Hedman HD, Krawczyk E, Helmy YA, Zhang L, Varga C. Host Diversity and Potential Transmission Pathways of SARS-CoV-2 at the Human-Animal Interface. Pathogens. 2021; 10(2):180. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10020180
• World Health Organization (WHO), Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Pandemic. [https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019] (Erişim tarihi: 18.03.2021.)
• Saegerman C, Bianchini J, Renault V, Haddad N, Humblet MF. First expert elicitation of knowledge on drivers of emergence of the COVID-19 in pets. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2020;10.1111/tbed.13724. doi:10.1111/tbed.13724
• Yoo HS, Yoo D. COVID-19 and veterinarians for one health, zoonotic- and reverse-zoonotic transmissions. J Vet Sci. 2020;21(3):e51. doi:10.4142/jvs.2020.21.e51
• Siddiqa MA, Rao DS, Suvarna G, Chennamachetty VK, Verma MK, Rao MVR. In-Silico Drug Designing of Spike Receptor with Its ACE2 Receptor and Nsp10/Nsp16 MTase Complex Against SARS-CoV-2. Int J Pept Res Ther. 2021;1-8. doi:10.1007/s10989-021-10196-x
• Trougakos, I.P., Stamatelopoulos, K., Terpos, E. et al. Insights to SARS-CoV-2 life cycle, pathophysiology, and rationalized treatments that target COVID-19 clinical complications. J Biomed Sci 2021;28:9. dpi:10.1186/s12929-020-00703-5
• Fischhoff IR, Castellanos AA, Rodrigues JPGLM, Varsani A, Han BA. Predicting the zoonotic capacity of mammal species for SARS-CoV-2. Preprint. bioRxiv. 2021.02.18.431844. doi:10.1101/2021.02.18.431844
• Stout AE, André NM, Jaimes JA, Millet JK, Whittaker GR. Coronaviruses in cats and other companion animals: Where does SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 fit? Vet Microbiol. 2020;247:108777. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108777.
• Shi J, Wen Z, Zhong G, Yang H, Wang C, Huang B, Liu R, He X, Shuai L, Sun Z, Zhao Y, Liu P, Liang L, Cui P, Wang J, Zhang X, Guan Y, Tan W, Wu G, Chen H, Bu Z. Susceptibility of ferrets, cats, dogs, and other domesticated animals to SARS-coronavirus 2. Science. 2020;368(6494):1016-1020. doi: 10.1126/science.abb7015.
• Barrs VR, Peiris M, Tam KWS, Law PYT, Brackman CJ, To EMW, Yu VYT, Chu DKW, Perera RAPM, Sit THC. SARS-CoV-2 in Quarantined Domestic Cats from COVID-19 Households or Close Contacts, Hong Kong, China. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26(12):3071-3074. doi: 10.3201/eid2612.202786.
• Garigliany M, Van Laere AS, Clercx C, Giet D, Escriou N, Huon C, van der Werf S, Eloit M, Desmecht D. SARS-CoV-2 Natural Transmission from Human to Cat, Belgium, March 2020. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020;26(12):3069-3071. doi: 10.3201/eid2612.202223. Newman A, Smith D, Ghai RR, et al. First Reported Cases of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Companion Animals — New York, March–April 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020;69:710–713. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6923e3
• Hosie MJ, Hofmann-Lehmann R, Hartmann K, et al. Anthropogenic Infection of Cats during the 2020 COVID-19 Pandemic. Viruses. 2021;13(2):185. doi:10.3390/v13020185.
• Sit, T.H.C., Brackman, C.J., Ip, S.M. et al. Infection of dogs with SARS-CoV-2. Nature 2020;586:776–778 doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2334-5
• do Vale B, Lopes AP, Fontes MDC, Silvestre M, Cardoso L, Coelho AC. Bats, pangolins, minks and other animals - villains or victims of SARS-CoV-2?. Vet Res Commun. 2021;45(1):1-19. doi:10.1007/s11259-021-09787-2
• Sun K, Gu L, Ma L, Duan Y. Atlas of ACE2 gene expression reveals novel insights into transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Heliyon. 2021;7(1):e05850. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05850.
• Donnik IM, Popov IV, Sereda SV, Popov IV, Chikindas ML, Ermakov AM. Coronavirus Infections of Animals: Future Risks to Humans. Biol Bull Russ Acad Sci. 2021;48(1):26-37. doi:10.1134/S1062359021010052
• Chiba S, Halfmann PJ, Hatta M, et al. Protective Immunity and Persistent Lung Sequelae in Domestic Cats after SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Emerg Infect Dis. 2021;27(2):660-663. doi:10.3201/eid2702.203884
• Rendon-Marin S, Martinez-Gutierrez M, Whittaker GR, Jaimes JA, Ruiz-Saenz J. SARS CoV-2 Spike Protein in silico Interaction With ACE2 Receptors From Wild and Domestic Species. Front Genet. 2021;12:571707. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.571707.
• Michael HT, Waterhouse T, Estrada M, Seguin MA. Frequency of respiratory pathogens and SARS-CoV-2 in canine and feline samples submitted for respiratory testing in early 2020. J Small Anim Pract. 2021;10.1111/jsap.13300. doi:10.1111/jsap.13300
• Villanueva-Saz S, Giner J, Tobajas AP, Pérez MD, González-Ramírez AM, Macías-León J, González A, Verde M, Yzuel A, Hurtado-Guerrero R, Pardo J, Santiago L, Paño-Pardo JR, Ruíz H, Lacasta DM, Sánchez L, Marteles D, Gracia AP, Fernández A. Serological evidence of SARS-CoV-2 and co-infections in stray cats in Spain. Transbound Emerg Dis. 2021;9. doi: 10.1111/tbed.14062
• Klaus J, Palizzotto C, Zini E, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Antibody Response in a Symptomatic Cat from Italy with Intestinal B-Cell Lymphoma. Viruses. 2021;13(3):527. doi:10.3390/v13030527
• Na W, Moon H, Song D. A comprehensive review of SARS-CoV-2 genetic mutations and lessons from animal coronavirus recombination in one health perspective. J Microbiol. 2021;59(3):332-340. doi:10.1007/s12275-021-0660-4
• Bonilauri P, Rugna G. Animal Coronaviruses and SARS-COV-2 in Animals, What Do We Actually Know?. Life (Basel). 2021;11(2):123. doi:10.3390/life11020123