Review

KOKOSHNIK: A FEMALE HEADDRESS IN THE TRIANGLE OF TRADITION, TALISMAN, AND GENDER ROLES

Volume: 15 Number: 39 September 15, 2022
EN TR

KOKOSHNIK: A FEMALE HEADDRESS IN THE TRIANGLE OF TRADITION, TALISMAN, AND GENDER ROLES

Abstract

Folk costumes, which are among the elements of material culture and concrete indicators of the lifestyle of individuals, carry the reflections of the life shaping beliefs from generation to generation. Because of these aspects, they are the target of Westernization movements while being embraced by a certain group as a symbol of national values. Kokoshnik, a traditional headdress worn by women, goes through a similar transformation process from the time it is first used to the date when it is pushed out of daily life due to ideological concerns. The headdress is named after the Old East Slavic word kokosh meaning “chicken”, because of its form similar to that of poultry’s comb. The tailors with specialized training in sewing this flamboyant headdress adorned with precious stones and embroidery, called kokoshnitsa, which also comes from the same root. In this review article, it is aimed to contribute to the international literature, which has been determined to be quite limited in terms of content and quantity. Studies that deal with kokoshniks both as a traditional headdress and an indicator of women’s marital status and social position, are evaluated through comparative method. This study, which compares the etymological studies of Russian ethnographers, folklorists, art critics, and linguists such as G. S. Maslova, N. I. Gagen-Torn, D. K. Zelenin, V. V. Stasov, V. I. Dal’ and S. I. Ojegov on kokoshnik, also includes current research. In all these studies, it is revealed that two basic tendencies gain importance: In early studies, the emergence of the headdress due to the religious superstition about uncovered hair brings bad luck is discussed and its function as a talisman is emphasized. The values symbolized by kokoshnik in the social status of women and in distribution of responsibilities within the family are also examined in the light of ethnographic data. However, in current studies, a critical perspective draws attention that the kokoshnik is reflected as an accessory that symbolizes traditional costumes in a stereotypical way, and thus, the Russian clothing culture, which has a very rich history indeed, is reduced to a monotonic image.

Keywords

kokoshnik, women’s headdress, material culture, gender roles, Russian ethnographers.

References

  1. Avanesov, R. I. (1991). Slovar’ drevnerusskogo yazyka (XI-XIV vv.) v 10 t. T. 4. Moskva: Russkiy yazyk.
  2. Berduta, M. Z. & Berezhnaya, S. V. (2003). Evolyutsiya golovnykh uborov v russkikh i ukrainskikh selakh severnykh rayonov slobozhanshchiny v kontse XVII-XIX vv. Krayeznavstvo, 1 (4), 111-113.
  3. Bol’shakova, N. V. (2005). Konstantin Makovskiy - kollektsioner. Nashe naslediye, 75-76, 4-13. Dal’, V. I. (1903-1911). Kokoshnik (339-340). Tolkovyy slovar’ zhivogo velikorusskogo yazyka v 4 t. T. 2. SPb & Moskva: M. O. Vol’f.
  4. Gagen-Torn, N. I. (1933). Magicheskoye znacheniye volos i golovnogo ubora v svadebnykh obryadakh Vostochnoy Yevropy. Sovetskaya etnografiya, 5-6, 88.
  5. Gushchina, Ye. (2020). O nabolevshem, ili kokoshniki, sarafany i tvorcheskiye kollektivy. Etnodialogi, 3 (61), 170-175.
  6. Ioileva, K. A. (2020). Kokoshnik - simvol russkogo natsional’nogo kostyuma (302-308). Gumanitarnyye nauki v sovremennom vuze: vchera, segodnya, zavtra. SPb.: «SPbGUPTD».
  7. Los’, O. K. & Kurochkina, Ye. N. (2021). Traditsionnyy russkiy kostyum: ispol’zovaniye v pridvornoy kul’ture XVIII-XIX vv. kak simvola natsional’noy prinadlezhnosti. Izvestiya laboratorii drevnikh tekhnologiy, 17, 1 (38), 138-152.
  8. Lyubchenko, L. Yu. (2016). Poiski «natsional’nogo stilya» v kostyume na rubezhe XIX-XX vv.: obshcherossiyskiy i regional'nyy aspekty. Obshchestvo: Filosofiya, istoriya, kul'tura, 3, 92-95.
  9. Maslova, G. S. (1956). Narodnaya odezhda russkikh, ukraintsev i belorusov v XIX - nachale XX vv. (543-766). Vostochnoslavyanskiy etnograficheskiy sbornik. Moskva: Nauka.
  10. Maslova, G. S. (1984). Narodnaya odezhda v vostochnoslavyanskikh traditsionnykh obychayakh i obryadakh XIX - nachala XX v. Moskva: Nauka.
APA
Özakın, D. (2022). KOKOSHNIK: A FEMALE HEADDRESS IN THE TRIANGLE OF TRADITION, TALISMAN, AND GENDER ROLES. Motif Akademi Halkbilimi Dergisi, 15(39), 691-707. https://doi.org/10.12981/mahder.1162352
AMA
1.Özakın D. KOKOSHNIK: A FEMALE HEADDRESS IN THE TRIANGLE OF TRADITION, TALISMAN, AND GENDER ROLES. Motif Academy. 2022;15(39):691-707. doi:10.12981/mahder.1162352
Chicago
Özakın, Duygu. 2022. “KOKOSHNIK: A FEMALE HEADDRESS IN THE TRIANGLE OF TRADITION, TALISMAN, AND GENDER ROLES”. Motif Akademi Halkbilimi Dergisi 15 (39): 691-707. https://doi.org/10.12981/mahder.1162352.
EndNote
Özakın D (September 1, 2022) KOKOSHNIK: A FEMALE HEADDRESS IN THE TRIANGLE OF TRADITION, TALISMAN, AND GENDER ROLES. Motif Akademi Halkbilimi Dergisi 15 39 691–707.
IEEE
[1]D. Özakın, “KOKOSHNIK: A FEMALE HEADDRESS IN THE TRIANGLE OF TRADITION, TALISMAN, AND GENDER ROLES”, Motif Academy, vol. 15, no. 39, pp. 691–707, Sept. 2022, doi: 10.12981/mahder.1162352.
ISNAD
Özakın, Duygu. “KOKOSHNIK: A FEMALE HEADDRESS IN THE TRIANGLE OF TRADITION, TALISMAN, AND GENDER ROLES”. Motif Akademi Halkbilimi Dergisi 15/39 (September 1, 2022): 691-707. https://doi.org/10.12981/mahder.1162352.
JAMA
1.Özakın D. KOKOSHNIK: A FEMALE HEADDRESS IN THE TRIANGLE OF TRADITION, TALISMAN, AND GENDER ROLES. Motif Academy. 2022;15:691–707.
MLA
Özakın, Duygu. “KOKOSHNIK: A FEMALE HEADDRESS IN THE TRIANGLE OF TRADITION, TALISMAN, AND GENDER ROLES”. Motif Akademi Halkbilimi Dergisi, vol. 15, no. 39, Sept. 2022, pp. 691-07, doi:10.12981/mahder.1162352.
Vancouver
1.Duygu Özakın. KOKOSHNIK: A FEMALE HEADDRESS IN THE TRIANGLE OF TRADITION, TALISMAN, AND GENDER ROLES. Motif Academy. 2022 Sep. 1;15(39):691-707. doi:10.12981/mahder.1162352