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WORD ORDER IN ALBANIAN, TURKISH AND ENGLISH-A PRAGMATICALLY ORIENTED RESEARCH

Year 2018, Volume: 11 Issue: 24, 296 - 308, 12.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.12981/mahder.485369

Abstract

Albanian and Turkish belong to two different language families and their
different language structures make these two languages different in regard to
their syntactic structure. Albanian is a flexible and analytic language with
diversity, while Turkish is an agglutinative language extensive and morpheme
accumulation (often with different syntactic functions) within the word makes
these two languages more interesting to compare. The syntactic feature of
Turkish language is leftbranching generation of sentences. The predicate is the
first pattern located at the end of the sentence and then the other patterns of
the sentence precede it. This norm has also been referred to as the ‘basic
syntactic law of the Altaic languages’ (the determining element precedes the
element which it determines) (Johanson, 2002: 25). Greenberg (1966) classified
Turkic as ‘the rigid subtype’ of the so-called SOV languages, meaning the order
of determining elements (complements and determinatives) within the phrase of
the Turkish syntax is chained (successive); therefore quite harmonized.
Johanson argues that during its use in practice these iterative capsular rules
divert to the natural use of the language. 



The purpose of this study is to analyze word order in syntactic units as
the phrase and the sentence in order to observe how "ruthless / free"
are the Albanian speakers when they come up with their first sentences in
Turkish, and how this Turkish consistency affects Turkish students when they
learn the first syntax of Albanian. Hence, the observation is going to be realized
in both directions regarding the contrast of both grammatical systems, and the
students are going to be approximately of the same age and approximately the
same level of Turkish and Albanian language acquisition (first year Turkish
students of the Albanian Language and Literature department who learn Albanian
for the first time at the Trakya University in Edirne, Turkey, and Albanian
students who learn Turkish for the first time in the Turkish Language and
Literature department at the University of Pristina, Kosovo). Moreover, English
word order will be analyzed in order to have a clear picture of the contrast of
three linguistic typologies taking into consideration word order within the
sentence.

References

  • 1. Group of authors (1997). Gramatika e gjuhës shqipe II- Sintaksa. Tiranë: ASHRSH
  • 2. DEKEYSER, Robert M. (2005). “What Makes Learning Second-Language Grammar Difficult? A Review of Issues”. A Journal of Research in Language Studies. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0023-8333.2005.00294.x Cited by 117. (Accessed: 15 April 2005).
  • 3. DRYER, M. S. (2005). The order of subject, object, and verb, in The World Atlas of Language Structures, eds Haspelmath M., Dryer M. S., Gil D., Comrie B., editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • 4. ERGUVANLI, Eser Emine (1984). The Function of Word Order in Turkish Grammar. California: University of California Press.
  • 5. ERKÜ, Feride (1983). Discourse Pragmatics and Word Order in Turkish. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minnesota
  • 6. FLOQI, Spiro (1978), Rreth modeleve të fjalisë në shqipen letrare, Studime Filologjike, nr. 4, Tiranë: ASHRPSH
  • 7. GREENBERG, Joseph H. (1966). Language Universals, with Special Reference to Feature Hierarchies. The Hague. Mouton.
  • 8. GÖKSEL, Aslı and Celia Kerslake (2005). Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar. New York: Routledge.
  • 9. HOFFMAN, Beryl (1995). The Computational Analysis of the Syntax and Interpretation of “Free” Word Order in Turkish. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.
  • 10. HOFFMAN, Beryl (1997). Word Order, Information Structure, and Centering in Turkish. (in Centering in Discourse, eds. Marilyn Walker, Ellen Prince, and Aravind Joshi). Oxford University Press.
  • 11. HUDDLESTON Rodney & PULLUM Geoffrey at al. (2002). The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge University Press.
  • 12. JOHANSON, Lars (2002). Structural Factors in Turkic Language Contacts. Stuttgart: Curzon.
  • 13. KARHAMAN, Leyla (2013). Türkçede Söz Dimi. Ankara. Akçağ Yayınları.
  • 14. KORNFILT, Jaklin (1997). Turkish. California: Routledge.
  • 15. MEHRI, Izadi and RAHIMI, Maryam. Word Order of Persian and English: A Processing-Based Analysis. Education Journal. Vol. 4, No. 1, 2015, pp. 37-43.)
  • 16. http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.edu.20150401.18.pdf
  • 17. RICHARDS, Jack C. and Richard SCHMIDT (1992). Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. London: Longman.
  • 18. THOMSON, S. (1978). Modern English From A Typological Point of View: Some Implications of the Function of Word Order. Linguistische Berichte 54.

ARNAVUTÇA, TÜRKÇE VE İNGİLİZCEDE KELİME DÜZENİ - EDİM BİLİMSEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA

Year 2018, Volume: 11 Issue: 24, 296 - 308, 12.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.12981/mahder.485369

Abstract

Arnavutça ve Türkçe iki ayrı dil ailesinde yer alırlar ve
dil yapıları farklı olduğu için söz dizim açısından da farklıdırlar.
Arnavutça, bükümlü ve analitik bir dildir, Türkçe ise sondan eklemeli ve
ekstansif bir dildir, ayrıca s
özcük içindeki morfem birikimine (genellikle farklı söz dizim işlevlerine)
sahiptir. Bu durum Arnavut ve Türk 
dillerinin karşılaştırılmasını daha da ilginç hale getirmektedir. Türk
dilinin sözdizimsel özelliği sola dallanan bir yapıdadır. Yüklem, ilk önce
cümlenin sonuna yerleştirilir ve daha sonra cümlenin diğer öğelerini sıralar.
Bu normun, “Altay Dilleri sentaksının temel kuralı” olduğu söylenir (tamlayan
tamlanandan önce gelir) (Johanson, 2002: 25). Türkçe, ÖNY dillerinin ‘katı alt
tipi’dir (Greenberg, 1966), bu da Türkçe cümlelerdeki öğe sıralanışının
zincirleme bir şekilde uyumlandığı anlamına gelir. Johanson, bu kuralların
pratikte kullanım esnasında değişebileceğini yani yüklemin her zaman sonda
olamayabileceğini  belirtmektedir.



Bu çalışmanın amacı,
cümlelerin yapısını söz dizim özelliklerine göre analiz ederek,   sözlü ve yazılı cümlelerin sırasının, Türkçede
cümleyi oluşturken ne kadar  “sabit /
serbest ” olduklarını gözlemlemek ve ilk Türkçe cümlelerini kullanan  Arnavut öğrenciler ile ilk Arnavutça  cümlelerini kuran Türk öğrencilerin
karşılaştırmasının yapılabilmesidir. Bu nedenle, her iki gramer sistemi de
dilbilgisel, karşıtlık açısından  her iki
yönde de gözlemlenecektir. Yaklaşık aynı yaşta ve aynı seviyede Türkçe ve
Arnavutça dil eğitimi olan öğrenciler değerlendirlemeye alınacaktır (Trakya
Üniversitesi'nde Arnavut Dili ve Edebiyatı Anabilim Dalının birinci sınıfında
ilk kez Arnavutça  gören  Türk öğrenciler ile Priştine Üniversitesi'nde
Türk Dili ve Edebiyatı  Bölümünde ilk
defa Arnavutça öğrenen  Türk  öğrenciler).
Ayrıca, cümle içinde kelime sıralaması dikkate
alınarak üç dilbilimsel tipolojinin karşıtlığı hakkında net bir tabloya sahip
olmak için İngilizce kelime düzeni incelenecektir.

References

  • 1. Group of authors (1997). Gramatika e gjuhës shqipe II- Sintaksa. Tiranë: ASHRSH
  • 2. DEKEYSER, Robert M. (2005). “What Makes Learning Second-Language Grammar Difficult? A Review of Issues”. A Journal of Research in Language Studies. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0023-8333.2005.00294.x Cited by 117. (Accessed: 15 April 2005).
  • 3. DRYER, M. S. (2005). The order of subject, object, and verb, in The World Atlas of Language Structures, eds Haspelmath M., Dryer M. S., Gil D., Comrie B., editors. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
  • 4. ERGUVANLI, Eser Emine (1984). The Function of Word Order in Turkish Grammar. California: University of California Press.
  • 5. ERKÜ, Feride (1983). Discourse Pragmatics and Word Order in Turkish. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Minnesota
  • 6. FLOQI, Spiro (1978), Rreth modeleve të fjalisë në shqipen letrare, Studime Filologjike, nr. 4, Tiranë: ASHRPSH
  • 7. GREENBERG, Joseph H. (1966). Language Universals, with Special Reference to Feature Hierarchies. The Hague. Mouton.
  • 8. GÖKSEL, Aslı and Celia Kerslake (2005). Turkish: A Comprehensive Grammar. New York: Routledge.
  • 9. HOFFMAN, Beryl (1995). The Computational Analysis of the Syntax and Interpretation of “Free” Word Order in Turkish. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania.
  • 10. HOFFMAN, Beryl (1997). Word Order, Information Structure, and Centering in Turkish. (in Centering in Discourse, eds. Marilyn Walker, Ellen Prince, and Aravind Joshi). Oxford University Press.
  • 11. HUDDLESTON Rodney & PULLUM Geoffrey at al. (2002). The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge University Press.
  • 12. JOHANSON, Lars (2002). Structural Factors in Turkic Language Contacts. Stuttgart: Curzon.
  • 13. KARHAMAN, Leyla (2013). Türkçede Söz Dimi. Ankara. Akçağ Yayınları.
  • 14. KORNFILT, Jaklin (1997). Turkish. California: Routledge.
  • 15. MEHRI, Izadi and RAHIMI, Maryam. Word Order of Persian and English: A Processing-Based Analysis. Education Journal. Vol. 4, No. 1, 2015, pp. 37-43.)
  • 16. http://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.edu.20150401.18.pdf
  • 17. RICHARDS, Jack C. and Richard SCHMIDT (1992). Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. London: Longman.
  • 18. THOMSON, S. (1978). Modern English From A Typological Point of View: Some Implications of the Function of Word Order. Linguistische Berichte 54.
There are 18 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Creative Arts and Writing
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Lindita Sejdiu Rugova 0000-0002-5346-3186

Rijetë Simitçiu 0000-0002-3862-1684

Publication Date December 12, 2018
Submission Date November 19, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 11 Issue: 24

Cite

APA Sejdiu Rugova, L., & Simitçiu, R. (2018). WORD ORDER IN ALBANIAN, TURKISH AND ENGLISH-A PRAGMATICALLY ORIENTED RESEARCH. Motif Akademi Halkbilimi Dergisi, 11(24), 296-308. https://doi.org/10.12981/mahder.485369