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Trofik Durum İndeksi ile Anahtar Sınırlayıcı Parametrelerin Değerlendirilmesi: Taihu Gölü Örneği

Year 2016, Volume: 7 Issue: Ek (Suppl.) 1, 194 - 201, 07.10.2016

Dilek Eren Akyüz

Abstract

Ötrofikasyon tüm dünyada görülen oldukça yaygın bir su kalitesi problemidir. Hem gelişmekte olan hem de gelişmiş ülkelerde sorun olmasından dolayı ötrofikasyonun tespiti, derecelendirilmesi ve gidişatının belirlenmesi önemlidir. Bu çalışmada; sıkça kullanılan Trofik Durum İndeksinde (TSI) mevsimsel döngünün tespit edilmesi ve hesaplanan TSI değerinin parametrelere [toplam azot (TN), toplam fosfor (TP), klorofil a (Chl a) konsantrasyonlarına ve sekki disk (SD) derinliğine] göre döngüsünün değişip değişmediğinin sınanması amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için hipertrofik bir göl olan Taihu Gölü çalışma alanı olarak seçilmiştir. Göl içindeki 32 ölçüm istasyonuna ait Ocak 1992 - Aralık 2008 tarihleri arasındaki aylık ölçülmüş veriler kullanılarak her mevsim için ortalama parametre değerlerinden ortalama mevsimsel TSI değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Beklendiği gibi mevsimsel döngülerin etkileri TSI değerlerinde de görülmüştür. Farklı parametrelerle hesaplanan TSI değerleri birbirleri ile kıyaslanarak fark grafiği elde edilerek anahtar sınırlayıcı parametre tespit edilmiştir. TSI fark grafiğinden; gölün fosfor fazlasının ve alglardan kaynaklanmayan bulanıklığının olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bu yüzden özellikle yaz mevsimindeki denitrifikasyondan kaynaklanan TN miktarındaki ve SD derinliğindeki azalma sebebiyle azot konsantrasyonunun kontrol altına alınması sürdürülebilir bir yönetim için gereklidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Ötrofikasyon, Carlson Trofik Durum İndeksi (TSI), Taihu Gölü, Anahtar Sınırlayıcı Parametre

References

  • Akyuz, D.E., Luo, L.C., Hamilton, D.P. (2014). Temporal and spatial trends in water quality of Lake Taihu, China: analysis from a north to mid-lake transect, 1991-2011. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186, 3891-3904.
  • Bachmann, R.W., Bigham, D.L., Hoyer, M.V., Canfield, D.E. (2012). Phosphorus, nitrogen, and the designated uses of Florida lakes. Lake and Reservoir Management, 28, 46-58.
  • Brown, C.D., Hoyer, M.V., Bachmann, R.W., Canfield, D.E. (2000). Nutrient-chlorophyll relationships: an evaluation of empirical nutrient-chlorophyll models using Florida and north-temperate lake data. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 57, 1574-1583.
  • Carlson, R.E. (1977). A trophic state index for lakes. Limnology and Oceanography, 22, 1939-5590.
  • Carlson, R.E. (1983). Using Differences among Carlson Trophic State Index Values in Regional Water-Quality Assessment - Discussion. Water Resources Bulletin, 19, 307-308.
  • Carlson, R.E., Havens, K.E. (2005). Simple graphical methods for the interpretation of relationships between trophic state variables. Lake and Reservoir Management, 21, 107-118.
  • Carpenter, S.R., Cole, J.J., Hodgson, J.R., Kitchell, J.F., Pace, M.L., Bade, D., Cottingham, K.L., Essington, T.E., Houser, J.N., Schindler, D.E. (2001). Trophic cascades, nutrients, and lake productivity: whole-lake experiments. Ecological Monographs, 71, 163-186.
  • Guildford, S.J., Hecky, R.E. (2000). Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and nutrient limitation in lakes and oceans: Is there a common relationship? Limnology and Oceanography, 45, 1213-1223.
  • James, R.T., Havens, K., Zhu, G.W., Qin, B.Q. (2009). Comparative analysis of nutrients, chlorophyll and transparency in two large shallow lakes (Lake Taihu, PR China and Lake Okeechobee, USA). Hydrobiologia, 627, 211-231.
  • Kratzer, C.R., Brezonik, P.L. (1981). A Carlson-Type Trophic State Index for Nitrogen in Florida Lakes. Water Resources Bulletin, 17, 713-715.
  • Levine, S.N., Schindler, D.W. (1992). Modification of the N-P Ratio in Lakes by Insitu Processes. Limnology and Oceanography, 37, 917-935.
  • Lewis, W.M., Wurtsbaugh, W.A. (2008). Control of Lacustrine Phytoplankton by Nutrients: Erosion of the Phosphorus Paradigm. International Review of Hydrobiology, 93, 446-465.
  • Li, Y.P., Tang, C.Y., Wang, C., Anim, D.O., Yu, Z.B., Acharya, K. (2013). Improved Yangtze River Diversions: Are they helping to solve algal bloom problems in Lake Taihu, China? Ecological Engineering, 51, 104-116.
  • Lurling, M., Tolman, Y. (2014). Beating the blues: Is there any music in fighting cyanobacteria with ultrasound? Water Research, 66, 361-373.
  • Ma, J.R., Qin, B.Q., Wu, P., Zhou, J., Niu, C., Deng, J.M., Niu, H.L. (2015). Controlling cyanobacterial blooms by managing nutrient ratio and limitation in a large hyper-eutrophic lake: Lake Taihu, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 27, 80-86.
  • McCarthy, M.J., James, R.T., Chen, Y.W., East, T.L., Gardner, W.S. (2009). Nutrient ratios and phytoplankton community structure in the large, shallow, eutrophic, subtropical Lakes Okeechobee (Florida, USA) and Taihu (China). Limnology, 10, 215-227.
  • Osgood, R.A. (1982). Using Differences among Carlson Trophic State Index Values in Regional Water-Quality Assessment. Water Resources Bulletin, 18, 67-74.
  • Paerl, H.W., Xu, H., Hall, N.S., Rossignol, K.L., Joyner, A.R., Zhu, G.W., Qin, B.Q. (2015). Nutrient limitation dynamics examined on a multi-annual scale in Lake Taihu, China: implications for controlling eutrophication and harmful algal blooms. Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 30, 5-24.
  • Paerl, H.W., Xu, H., Hall, N.S., Zhu, G.W., Qin, B.Q., Wu, Y.L., Rossignol, K.L., Dong, L.H., McCarthy, M.J., Joyner, A.R. (2014). Controlling Cyanobacterial Blooms in Hypertrophic Lake Taihu, China: Will Nitrogen Reductions Cause Replacement of Non-N-2 Fixing by N-2 Fixing Taxa? Plos One, 9
  • Qin, B. (2008). Lake Taihu, China: Dynamics and Environmental Change. Springer Netherlands.
  • Qin, B., Hu, C. (2010). Scientific observation and research data sets of Lake Taihu (1991-2006). China Agricultural Press Beijing.
  • Schindler, D.W. (2012). The dilemma of controlling cultural eutrophication of lakes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 279, 4322-4333.
  • Schindler, D.W., Hecky, R.E., Findlay, D.L., Stainton, M.P., Parker, B.R., Paterson, M.J., Beaty, K.G., Lyng, M., Kasian, S.E.M. (2008). Eutrophication of lakes cannot be controlled by reducing nitrogen input: Results of a 37-year whole-ecosystem experiment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 11254-11258.
  • Singh, S.P., Singh, P. (2015) Effect of temperature and light on the growth of algae species: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 50, 431-444.
  • Xu, H., Paerl, H.W., Qin, B.Q., Zhu, G.W., Gao, G. (2010). Nitrogen and phosphorus inputs control phytoplankton growth in eutrophic Lake Taihu, China. Limnology and Oceanography, 55, 420-432.
  • Xu, S., Wang, Y., Huang, B., Wei, Z.B., Miao, A.J., Yang, L.Y. (2015). Nitrogen and phosphorus limitation of phytoplankton growth in different areas of Lake Taihu, China. Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 30, 113-127.
  • Zhang, H.P., Chen, R.H., Li, F.P., Chen, L. (2015). Effect of flow rate on environmental variables and phytoplankton dynamics: results from field enclosures. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 33, 430-438.
  • Zhang, Y.L., Qin, B.Q., Hu, W.P., Wang, S.M., Chen, Y.W., Chen, W.M. (2006). Temporal-spatial variations of euphotic depth of typical lake regions in Lake Taihu and its ecological environmental significance. Science in China Series D-Earth Sciences, 49, 431-442.
  • Zhu, W., Sun, Q.Q., Chen, F.L., Li, M. (2015). Cellular N:P ratio of Microcystis as an indicator of nutrient limitation-implications and applications. Environmental Earth Sciences, 74, 4023-4030.

Year 2016, Volume: 7 Issue: Ek (Suppl.) 1, 194 - 201, 07.10.2016

Dilek Eren Akyüz

Abstract

References

  • Akyuz, D.E., Luo, L.C., Hamilton, D.P. (2014). Temporal and spatial trends in water quality of Lake Taihu, China: analysis from a north to mid-lake transect, 1991-2011. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 186, 3891-3904.
  • Bachmann, R.W., Bigham, D.L., Hoyer, M.V., Canfield, D.E. (2012). Phosphorus, nitrogen, and the designated uses of Florida lakes. Lake and Reservoir Management, 28, 46-58.
  • Brown, C.D., Hoyer, M.V., Bachmann, R.W., Canfield, D.E. (2000). Nutrient-chlorophyll relationships: an evaluation of empirical nutrient-chlorophyll models using Florida and north-temperate lake data. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 57, 1574-1583.
  • Carlson, R.E. (1977). A trophic state index for lakes. Limnology and Oceanography, 22, 1939-5590.
  • Carlson, R.E. (1983). Using Differences among Carlson Trophic State Index Values in Regional Water-Quality Assessment - Discussion. Water Resources Bulletin, 19, 307-308.
  • Carlson, R.E., Havens, K.E. (2005). Simple graphical methods for the interpretation of relationships between trophic state variables. Lake and Reservoir Management, 21, 107-118.
  • Carpenter, S.R., Cole, J.J., Hodgson, J.R., Kitchell, J.F., Pace, M.L., Bade, D., Cottingham, K.L., Essington, T.E., Houser, J.N., Schindler, D.E. (2001). Trophic cascades, nutrients, and lake productivity: whole-lake experiments. Ecological Monographs, 71, 163-186.
  • Guildford, S.J., Hecky, R.E. (2000). Total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and nutrient limitation in lakes and oceans: Is there a common relationship? Limnology and Oceanography, 45, 1213-1223.
  • James, R.T., Havens, K., Zhu, G.W., Qin, B.Q. (2009). Comparative analysis of nutrients, chlorophyll and transparency in two large shallow lakes (Lake Taihu, PR China and Lake Okeechobee, USA). Hydrobiologia, 627, 211-231.
  • Kratzer, C.R., Brezonik, P.L. (1981). A Carlson-Type Trophic State Index for Nitrogen in Florida Lakes. Water Resources Bulletin, 17, 713-715.
  • Levine, S.N., Schindler, D.W. (1992). Modification of the N-P Ratio in Lakes by Insitu Processes. Limnology and Oceanography, 37, 917-935.
  • Lewis, W.M., Wurtsbaugh, W.A. (2008). Control of Lacustrine Phytoplankton by Nutrients: Erosion of the Phosphorus Paradigm. International Review of Hydrobiology, 93, 446-465.
  • Li, Y.P., Tang, C.Y., Wang, C., Anim, D.O., Yu, Z.B., Acharya, K. (2013). Improved Yangtze River Diversions: Are they helping to solve algal bloom problems in Lake Taihu, China? Ecological Engineering, 51, 104-116.
  • Lurling, M., Tolman, Y. (2014). Beating the blues: Is there any music in fighting cyanobacteria with ultrasound? Water Research, 66, 361-373.
  • Ma, J.R., Qin, B.Q., Wu, P., Zhou, J., Niu, C., Deng, J.M., Niu, H.L. (2015). Controlling cyanobacterial blooms by managing nutrient ratio and limitation in a large hyper-eutrophic lake: Lake Taihu, China. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 27, 80-86.
  • McCarthy, M.J., James, R.T., Chen, Y.W., East, T.L., Gardner, W.S. (2009). Nutrient ratios and phytoplankton community structure in the large, shallow, eutrophic, subtropical Lakes Okeechobee (Florida, USA) and Taihu (China). Limnology, 10, 215-227.
  • Osgood, R.A. (1982). Using Differences among Carlson Trophic State Index Values in Regional Water-Quality Assessment. Water Resources Bulletin, 18, 67-74.
  • Paerl, H.W., Xu, H., Hall, N.S., Rossignol, K.L., Joyner, A.R., Zhu, G.W., Qin, B.Q. (2015). Nutrient limitation dynamics examined on a multi-annual scale in Lake Taihu, China: implications for controlling eutrophication and harmful algal blooms. Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 30, 5-24.
  • Paerl, H.W., Xu, H., Hall, N.S., Zhu, G.W., Qin, B.Q., Wu, Y.L., Rossignol, K.L., Dong, L.H., McCarthy, M.J., Joyner, A.R. (2014). Controlling Cyanobacterial Blooms in Hypertrophic Lake Taihu, China: Will Nitrogen Reductions Cause Replacement of Non-N-2 Fixing by N-2 Fixing Taxa? Plos One, 9
  • Qin, B. (2008). Lake Taihu, China: Dynamics and Environmental Change. Springer Netherlands.
  • Qin, B., Hu, C. (2010). Scientific observation and research data sets of Lake Taihu (1991-2006). China Agricultural Press Beijing.
  • Schindler, D.W. (2012). The dilemma of controlling cultural eutrophication of lakes. Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, 279, 4322-4333.
  • Schindler, D.W., Hecky, R.E., Findlay, D.L., Stainton, M.P., Parker, B.R., Paterson, M.J., Beaty, K.G., Lyng, M., Kasian, S.E.M. (2008). Eutrophication of lakes cannot be controlled by reducing nitrogen input: Results of a 37-year whole-ecosystem experiment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 105, 11254-11258.
  • Singh, S.P., Singh, P. (2015) Effect of temperature and light on the growth of algae species: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 50, 431-444.
  • Xu, H., Paerl, H.W., Qin, B.Q., Zhu, G.W., Gao, G. (2010). Nitrogen and phosphorus inputs control phytoplankton growth in eutrophic Lake Taihu, China. Limnology and Oceanography, 55, 420-432.
  • Xu, S., Wang, Y., Huang, B., Wei, Z.B., Miao, A.J., Yang, L.Y. (2015). Nitrogen and phosphorus limitation of phytoplankton growth in different areas of Lake Taihu, China. Journal of Freshwater Ecology, 30, 113-127.
  • Zhang, H.P., Chen, R.H., Li, F.P., Chen, L. (2015). Effect of flow rate on environmental variables and phytoplankton dynamics: results from field enclosures. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology, 33, 430-438.
  • Zhang, Y.L., Qin, B.Q., Hu, W.P., Wang, S.M., Chen, Y.W., Chen, W.M. (2006). Temporal-spatial variations of euphotic depth of typical lake regions in Lake Taihu and its ecological environmental significance. Science in China Series D-Earth Sciences, 49, 431-442.
  • Zhu, W., Sun, Q.Q., Chen, F.L., Li, M. (2015). Cellular N:P ratio of Microcystis as an indicator of nutrient limitation-implications and applications. Environmental Earth Sciences, 74, 4023-4030.
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Journal Section Research Paper
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Dilek Eren Akyüz

Publication Date October 7, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 7 Issue: Ek (Suppl.) 1

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APA Akyüz, D. E. (2016). Trofik Durum İndeksi ile Anahtar Sınırlayıcı Parametrelerin Değerlendirilmesi: Taihu Gölü Örneği. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 7(Ek (Suppl.) 1), 194-201.