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Metrobüs Sisteminin Enerji Kullanımı ve Çevreye Etkilerinin İncelenmesi, Elektrikli Araçlar ve Trolleybüslerin Kullanım Potansiyellerinin Araştırılması

Year 2017, Volume: 8 Issue: Özel (Special) 1, 97 - 102, 02.07.2017

Abstract

Şehir içi ulaşımda toplu taşımanın önemi giderek artmaktadır. İşyeri, okul,
hastane, alışveriş merkezi gibi kamusal alanlara ulaşım mesafeleri şehirlerin
gelişmesi ile giderek artmaktadır. Ulaştırma bakanlığı ve belediyelerin halkın
ulaşımını sağlarken ulaşımın konforunu, çevreye etkileri ile ulaşım
maliyetlerini kontrol atında tutmaları gerekir. Elektrikli araçların ulaşımda
kullanılmasının sağladığı pek çok avantaj bilinmektedir. Bu bağlamda metro ve
tramvay sistemlerinin geliştirilmesi istenilse de gerek altyapı gerekse inşa
süresinin uzun sürmesi raylı sistem ağının yaygınlaşmasını yavaşlatmaktadır.
Tüm bu koşullar dünyada otobüslerin ayrıcalıklı yolda gittiği metrobüs
sistemini ortaya çıkarmıştır. Uygulama pratiği ve mevcut yol ve altyapının
hızlı ve düşük bir maliyetle sisteme entegre edilebilmesi mümkündür. Bu
çalışmada İstanbul’da 2007 yılından beri hizmet vermekte olan metrobüs sistemi
incelenmiş, elektrikli araçların ya da trolleybüslerin mevcut sisteme entegre
edilmesinin çevreye etkileri(Emisyonlar) ve maliyete etkisi(İlk yatırım ve
işletme maliyeti) incelenerek kullanım potansiyelleri aktarılmıştır.

References

  • Acar, İ. H. (2005, Mayıs) Kentlerimiz İçin "Metrobüs" Çözümleri. 6. Ulaştırma Kongresi, İstanbul. “Avrupa’nın En Çevreci Filosu Ankara’da”. 2017. Erişim Ocak 30. http://www.ankara.bel.tr/haberler/avrupann-en-evreci-filosu-ankarada/.
  • Ayaz, R., İ Nakir, A. Durusu, H. Akca, ve M. Tanrioven. (2011, Ekim). “A Comparıson Of Metrobus System And Trolleybus System Consıderıng Energy Costs And Co2 Emıssıon: A Case Study For Istanbul”. SET2011, 10th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies, İstanbul
  • Bartłomiejczyk, Mikołaj, ve Fundacja Rozwoju Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego. (2012). Conversion of a Diesel Engine Bus into a Trolleybus. Sopot: Zakład Poligrafii Fundacji Rozwoju Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego.
  • Bjorklund, Stefan, Swedish Transport and Communications Research Board, ve ScanTech Development AB. 2000. New Concepts for Trolley Buses in Sweden. Stockholm: KFB, Swedish Transport and Communications Research Board. http://www.kfb.se/pdfer/R-00-70.pdf.
  • Brown, Kevin. (2001). “The Benefits of Clean, Quiet, Emission-Free Transit Service: Promoting the Trolleybus in Vancouver”.
  • Costa, Álvaro, ve Ruben Fernandes. 2012. “Urban Public Transport in Europe: Technology Diffusion and Market Organisation”. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 46 (2): 269–84.
  • Díez, A. E., I. C. Diez, J. A. Lopera, A. Bohorquez, E. Velandia, A. Albarracin, ve M. Restrepo. (2012) “Trolleybuses in Smart Grids as effective strategy to reduce greenhouse emissions”. Içinde 2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference, 1–6.
  • Falvo, M. C., R. Lamedica, ve A. Ruvio. 2012. “An environmental sustainable transport system: A trolley-buses Line for Cosenza city”. Içinde Automation and Motion International Symposium on Power Electronics Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, 1479–85.
  • Fuller, JR. (2006). “Trolleybuses –transport of the future”. sunulan Eurobus Expo 2006 Conference by, Salzburg.
  • Kühne, Reinhart. (2010). “Electric Buses – An Energy Efficient Urban Transportation Means”. Energy 35 (12): 4510–13.
  • Levinson, Herbert, Samuel Zimmerman, Jennifer Clinger, ve G. Rutherford. (2002). “Bus Rapid Transit: An Overview”. Journal of Public Transportation 5 (2): 1–30. “List of Bus Rapid Transit Systems”. 2017. Wikipedia. Erişim Ocak 31 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_bus_rapid_transit_systems&oldid=761847813. “Llegan al Sistema Transmilenio los primeros buses híbridos | Portal Bogota Bogota.gov.co”. 2017. Erişim Ocak 30. http://www.bogota.gov.co/content/llegan-al-sistema-transmilenio-los-primeros-buses-h%C3%ADbridos.
  • Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates Inc. | B-2. 2014.“Seattle Route 48 Electrification Study Business Case”. https://www.seattle.gov/transportation/docs/23rd/SEATTLE%20Route%2048%20Electrification%20Study%20Report%20FINAL.pdf.
  • Smil, Vaclav. 2012. Energy: a beginner’s guide. Oneworld Publications.
  • Vuchic, Vukan R. 2002. “Urban public transportation systems”. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  • Yavuz, Mesut, Basar Oztaysi, Sezi Cevik Onar, ve Cengiz Kahraman. 2015. “Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Alternative-Fuel Vehicles via a Hierarchical Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Model”. Expert Systems with Applications 42 (5): 2835–48.
  • Yazici, M. Anil, Herbert S. Levinson, Mustafa Ilicali, Nilgün Camkesen, ve Camille Kamga. 2013. “A Bus Rapid Transit Line Case Study: Istanbul’s Metrobüs System”. Journal of Public Transportation 16 (1): 8.

Examining the Energy Use and Environmental Effect of the Metrobus System, Exploring the Usage Potential of Electric Vehicles and Trolleybuses

Year 2017, Volume: 8 Issue: Özel (Special) 1, 97 - 102, 02.07.2017

Abstract

The importance of
public transport in urban transport is increasing rapidly. Transportation
distances to public places such as work places, schools, hospitals, shopping
malls are increasing with the development of cities. While the Ministry of
Transportation and the municipalities are providing transportation for the
public, it is necessary to keep the comfort of transportation, environmental
effects and transportation costs under control. Many advantages of using
electric vehicles in transportation are well known. In this context, although
the development of subway and tram systems is required, the long duration of the
construction period slows down the spread of the rail system network. All of
these conditions bring out the rapid bus transfer system in which the buses go
on a privileged path all around the world. In metrobüs (Rapid bus transfer) it
is possible to integrate application practice and existing roads,
infrastructure with the system quickly with low cost. In this study, the
metrobus system, which has been serving in Istanbul since 2007, has been
examined and the effects integration of electric vehicles or trolleybuses into
the existing system were discussed. The environmental (Emissions) and the
financial effect (initial investment and operation cost) of integration and the
usage potentials have been reported.

References

  • Acar, İ. H. (2005, Mayıs) Kentlerimiz İçin "Metrobüs" Çözümleri. 6. Ulaştırma Kongresi, İstanbul. “Avrupa’nın En Çevreci Filosu Ankara’da”. 2017. Erişim Ocak 30. http://www.ankara.bel.tr/haberler/avrupann-en-evreci-filosu-ankarada/.
  • Ayaz, R., İ Nakir, A. Durusu, H. Akca, ve M. Tanrioven. (2011, Ekim). “A Comparıson Of Metrobus System And Trolleybus System Consıderıng Energy Costs And Co2 Emıssıon: A Case Study For Istanbul”. SET2011, 10th International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies, İstanbul
  • Bartłomiejczyk, Mikołaj, ve Fundacja Rozwoju Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego. (2012). Conversion of a Diesel Engine Bus into a Trolleybus. Sopot: Zakład Poligrafii Fundacji Rozwoju Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego.
  • Bjorklund, Stefan, Swedish Transport and Communications Research Board, ve ScanTech Development AB. 2000. New Concepts for Trolley Buses in Sweden. Stockholm: KFB, Swedish Transport and Communications Research Board. http://www.kfb.se/pdfer/R-00-70.pdf.
  • Brown, Kevin. (2001). “The Benefits of Clean, Quiet, Emission-Free Transit Service: Promoting the Trolleybus in Vancouver”.
  • Costa, Álvaro, ve Ruben Fernandes. 2012. “Urban Public Transport in Europe: Technology Diffusion and Market Organisation”. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 46 (2): 269–84.
  • Díez, A. E., I. C. Diez, J. A. Lopera, A. Bohorquez, E. Velandia, A. Albarracin, ve M. Restrepo. (2012) “Trolleybuses in Smart Grids as effective strategy to reduce greenhouse emissions”. Içinde 2012 IEEE International Electric Vehicle Conference, 1–6.
  • Falvo, M. C., R. Lamedica, ve A. Ruvio. 2012. “An environmental sustainable transport system: A trolley-buses Line for Cosenza city”. Içinde Automation and Motion International Symposium on Power Electronics Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, 1479–85.
  • Fuller, JR. (2006). “Trolleybuses –transport of the future”. sunulan Eurobus Expo 2006 Conference by, Salzburg.
  • Kühne, Reinhart. (2010). “Electric Buses – An Energy Efficient Urban Transportation Means”. Energy 35 (12): 4510–13.
  • Levinson, Herbert, Samuel Zimmerman, Jennifer Clinger, ve G. Rutherford. (2002). “Bus Rapid Transit: An Overview”. Journal of Public Transportation 5 (2): 1–30. “List of Bus Rapid Transit Systems”. 2017. Wikipedia. Erişim Ocak 31 https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_bus_rapid_transit_systems&oldid=761847813. “Llegan al Sistema Transmilenio los primeros buses híbridos | Portal Bogota Bogota.gov.co”. 2017. Erişim Ocak 30. http://www.bogota.gov.co/content/llegan-al-sistema-transmilenio-los-primeros-buses-h%C3%ADbridos.
  • Nelson\Nygaard Consulting Associates Inc. | B-2. 2014.“Seattle Route 48 Electrification Study Business Case”. https://www.seattle.gov/transportation/docs/23rd/SEATTLE%20Route%2048%20Electrification%20Study%20Report%20FINAL.pdf.
  • Smil, Vaclav. 2012. Energy: a beginner’s guide. Oneworld Publications.
  • Vuchic, Vukan R. 2002. “Urban public transportation systems”. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
  • Yavuz, Mesut, Basar Oztaysi, Sezi Cevik Onar, ve Cengiz Kahraman. 2015. “Multi-Criteria Evaluation of Alternative-Fuel Vehicles via a Hierarchical Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Model”. Expert Systems with Applications 42 (5): 2835–48.
  • Yazici, M. Anil, Herbert S. Levinson, Mustafa Ilicali, Nilgün Camkesen, ve Camille Kamga. 2013. “A Bus Rapid Transit Line Case Study: Istanbul’s Metrobüs System”. Journal of Public Transportation 16 (1): 8.
There are 16 citations in total.

Details

Subjects Engineering
Journal Section MESTEK 2017
Authors

Fatih Hayati Çakır

Ömür Akbayır This is me

Publication Date July 2, 2017
Acceptance Date June 8, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 8 Issue: Özel (Special) 1

Cite

APA Çakır, F. H., & Akbayır, Ö. (2017). Metrobüs Sisteminin Enerji Kullanımı ve Çevreye Etkilerinin İncelenmesi, Elektrikli Araçlar ve Trolleybüslerin Kullanım Potansiyellerinin Araştırılması. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 8(Özel (Special) 1), 97-102.