Abstract
Ağaçta dal odunu toplam odun hacminin
yaklaşık %30’unu oluşturur. Endüstriyel açıdan dal odunu çeşitli kullanım
alanları için iyi bir alternatif kaynak olabilir. Bu durumda özelliklerinin
bilinmesi gerekmektedir. Dal odunu ve gövde odunu anatomik özellikleri
açısından farklılıklar göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada Ak dut ağacı gövde ve dal
odununun bazı anatomik özellikleri karşılaştırılmıştır. İki odun türü için
yapılan ölçümlerde istatistiksel analiz sonuçlarına göre trahe sayısı, özışını
hücresi özellikleri ve lif hücresi özelliklerinde fark anlamlı
bulunmuştur. Ölçümlere göre gövde
odununda birim alana düşen trahe sayısı ilkbahar odununda %41, yaz odununda %69
fazladır. Yine gövde odununda özışını yüksekliği %34 daha fazla bulunmuştur.
Lifler dal öz odununda %11 ve dal diri odununda %20 kısa olarak belirlenmiştir.
Lif genişliği dal öz odununda %18, diri odunda %20 ve lümen genişliği öz odunda
%29, diri odunda %18 fazladır. Dal öz ve diri odununda lif çeper kalınlığı
sırasıyla %3 ve %6 fazla bulunmuştur. Çalışmanın sonuçları, gövde ve dal
odununun hücresel yapısındaki farklılıkların odun işleme ve kullanımında
dikkate alınması gereken bir faktör olduğunu göstermektedir.
Keywords
References
- Anon., (2002). 1997 Köy Envanteri, T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü, Yayın No: 2618, S. 161, Ankara.
- Ashori, A. (2006). Pulp And Paper From Kenaf Bast Fibers, Fibers Polym. J. 7(1): 26–29.
- Berlyn, P.G., Miksche, J. (1976). Botanical Microtechnique and Cytochemystry, The Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.
- Bhat K.M., Bhat K.V., Dhamodaran T.K. (1985). Wood and Bark Properties of Branches of Selected Tree Species Growing in Kerala. KFRI Research Report 29. Kerala Forest Research Institute Peechi, Thrissur.
- Bhat K.M., Bhat K.V., Dhamodaran T.K. (1989). Fibre Lenght Variation in Stem and Branches of Eleven tropical Hardwoods. IAWA Bull. n.s. 10 (1): 63–70.
- Bozkurt, Y., Erdin, N. (1995). İğne Yapraklı ve Yapraklı Ağaç Odunlarında Tanım Özellikleri, İstanbul.
- Carlquist, S. (1986). Terminology of Imperforate Tracheary Elements, IAWA Bulletin, N.S., Vol. (1): 7581.
- Çöpür, Y., Güler C., Akgül, M., Taşçıoğlu, C. (2007). Some Chemical Properties of Hazelnut Husk and Its Suitability for Particleboard Production, Build Environ, 42(7): 2568–2572.
- Englerth, G. H. (1966). Framework of Qualitative Relationships İn Wood Utilization, U.S.D.A. Forest Service Res. Paper FPL 45. 17 pp.
- Gökmen, H. (1973). Kapalı Tohumlular Şark Matbaası, Ankara, I. Cilt. p. 186-190.
- Gurau, L., Cionca, M., Mansfield-Williams, H., Sawyer, G., Zeleniuc, O. (2008). Comparison of the Mechanical Properties of Branch and Stem Wood for Three Species, Wood and Fiber Science, 40(4): 647-656.
- Haygreen J.G., Bowyer J.L. (1996). Wood Science and Forest Products – An Introduction (3rd ed.), Iowa State University Press, Ames.
- Hilton, M. (2001). Design for Sustainable Development: Success Factors, European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg,127 pp.
- Kurtoğlu, A. (1984). Ağaç Malzeme - Ağırlık İlişkileri, İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri B, 34 (1): 150-163.
- Kurtoğlu, A. (1986). Kapı ve Pencere Endüstrisinde Kullanılan Ağaç Türleri, İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri B, 36 (4): 75-88.
- Machii, H., Koyama, H., Yamanouchi, K., Matsumoto, K., Kobayashi, S., Katagiri, K. (2001). A List of Morphological and Agronomical Traits of Mulberry Genetic Resources, Misc. Publ. Natl. Inst. Seric. Entomol. Sci., 29: 1-307.
- McElwee, R. L., Tobias, R. C., Gregory, A. H. (1970). Wood Characteristics of Tree Southern Hardwood Species And Their Relationship To Pulping Properties, TAPPI 53 (10): 1882-1886.
- Phelps J.E., Isebrands J.G., Jowett D. (1982). Raw Material Quality of Short-term, Intensively Cultured Populus Clones. I. A Comparison of Stem and Branch Properties at Three Spacings. IAWA Bull. n.s. 3 (3-4): 193–200.Samariha, A., Kiaei, M., Talaeipour, M., Nemati, M. (2011). Anatomical Structural Differences Between Branch And Trunk İn Ailanthus Altissima Wood, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 4(12):1676-1678.
- Vurdu, H. (1977). Anatomical Characteristics Of Stem, Branch And Root Wood İn European Black Alder (Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn.) Ph. D. Dissertation. Library, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, USA.
- Yaman, B. (2014). Anatomical Differences Between Stem and Branch Wood of Ficus carica subsp. carica, Modern Phytomorphology, 6: 79-83.
- Yücel, E., Yaltırık, F., Öztürk, M. (1995). Süs Bitkileri (Ağaçlar ve Çalılar), Anadolu Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi, Yayın No:1, Eskişehir.
Abstract
In the tree, branch wood constitutes approximately 30% of total wood
volume. From an industrial point of view, branch wood can be a good alternative
for a variety of applications. In this case the properties need to be known.
Branch wood and stem wood differ in anatomical characteristics. In this study,
some anatomical features of White mulberry tree trunk and branch wood were
compared. According to the results of statistical analysis in the measurements
made for the two wood types, the difference in number of vessel, ray properties
and fiber cell properties were significant. According to the
measurements, vessel frequency in the stem early wood is 4% and stem late wood
is 69% higher. Again, the ray height of the trunk wood was 34% more. The fibers
were determined to be 11% short in branch heartwood and 20% short in branch
sapwood. Fibre width in branch heartwood and sapwood is 18% and 20% and lumen
width in branch heartwood and sapwood is 29% and 18% higher. Fiber wall thickness was found to be 3% and 6% more in
branch heartwood and sapwood respectively. The results of the study show that
the differences in cellular structure of trunk and branch wood is a factor to
be considered in wood processing and use.
Keywords
References
- Anon., (2002). 1997 Köy Envanteri, T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet İstatistik Enstitüsü, Yayın No: 2618, S. 161, Ankara.
- Ashori, A. (2006). Pulp And Paper From Kenaf Bast Fibers, Fibers Polym. J. 7(1): 26–29.
- Berlyn, P.G., Miksche, J. (1976). Botanical Microtechnique and Cytochemystry, The Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa.
- Bhat K.M., Bhat K.V., Dhamodaran T.K. (1985). Wood and Bark Properties of Branches of Selected Tree Species Growing in Kerala. KFRI Research Report 29. Kerala Forest Research Institute Peechi, Thrissur.
- Bhat K.M., Bhat K.V., Dhamodaran T.K. (1989). Fibre Lenght Variation in Stem and Branches of Eleven tropical Hardwoods. IAWA Bull. n.s. 10 (1): 63–70.
- Bozkurt, Y., Erdin, N. (1995). İğne Yapraklı ve Yapraklı Ağaç Odunlarında Tanım Özellikleri, İstanbul.
- Carlquist, S. (1986). Terminology of Imperforate Tracheary Elements, IAWA Bulletin, N.S., Vol. (1): 7581.
- Çöpür, Y., Güler C., Akgül, M., Taşçıoğlu, C. (2007). Some Chemical Properties of Hazelnut Husk and Its Suitability for Particleboard Production, Build Environ, 42(7): 2568–2572.
- Englerth, G. H. (1966). Framework of Qualitative Relationships İn Wood Utilization, U.S.D.A. Forest Service Res. Paper FPL 45. 17 pp.
- Gökmen, H. (1973). Kapalı Tohumlular Şark Matbaası, Ankara, I. Cilt. p. 186-190.
- Gurau, L., Cionca, M., Mansfield-Williams, H., Sawyer, G., Zeleniuc, O. (2008). Comparison of the Mechanical Properties of Branch and Stem Wood for Three Species, Wood and Fiber Science, 40(4): 647-656.
- Haygreen J.G., Bowyer J.L. (1996). Wood Science and Forest Products – An Introduction (3rd ed.), Iowa State University Press, Ames.
- Hilton, M. (2001). Design for Sustainable Development: Success Factors, European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions, Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg,127 pp.
- Kurtoğlu, A. (1984). Ağaç Malzeme - Ağırlık İlişkileri, İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri B, 34 (1): 150-163.
- Kurtoğlu, A. (1986). Kapı ve Pencere Endüstrisinde Kullanılan Ağaç Türleri, İstanbul Üniversitesi Orman Fakültesi Dergisi, Seri B, 36 (4): 75-88.
- Machii, H., Koyama, H., Yamanouchi, K., Matsumoto, K., Kobayashi, S., Katagiri, K. (2001). A List of Morphological and Agronomical Traits of Mulberry Genetic Resources, Misc. Publ. Natl. Inst. Seric. Entomol. Sci., 29: 1-307.
- McElwee, R. L., Tobias, R. C., Gregory, A. H. (1970). Wood Characteristics of Tree Southern Hardwood Species And Their Relationship To Pulping Properties, TAPPI 53 (10): 1882-1886.
- Phelps J.E., Isebrands J.G., Jowett D. (1982). Raw Material Quality of Short-term, Intensively Cultured Populus Clones. I. A Comparison of Stem and Branch Properties at Three Spacings. IAWA Bull. n.s. 3 (3-4): 193–200.Samariha, A., Kiaei, M., Talaeipour, M., Nemati, M. (2011). Anatomical Structural Differences Between Branch And Trunk İn Ailanthus Altissima Wood, Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 4(12):1676-1678.
- Vurdu, H. (1977). Anatomical Characteristics Of Stem, Branch And Root Wood İn European Black Alder (Alnus glutinosa L. Gaertn.) Ph. D. Dissertation. Library, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, USA.
- Yaman, B. (2014). Anatomical Differences Between Stem and Branch Wood of Ficus carica subsp. carica, Modern Phytomorphology, 6: 79-83.
- Yücel, E., Yaltırık, F., Öztürk, M. (1995). Süs Bitkileri (Ağaçlar ve Çalılar), Anadolu Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi, Yayın No:1, Eskişehir.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Engineering |
| Journal Section | Research Paper |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | July 29, 2019 |
| Acceptance Date | July 14, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 10 Issue: 1 |
