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Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi Kanuni Kampüsü'nün Okunabilirliği

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 336 - 350, 01.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.953205

Abstract

Kullanıcılar tarafından algılanan ve okunabilen çevreler, kullanıcının kaybolmadan istediği yere gidebilmesini sağlarken yaşadığı çevreyi benimsemesini, kendini oraya ait hissetmesini sağlamaktadır. Yapılan çalışmada çok işlevlilik, açık, kapalı alanların bir arada olduğu kampüs yerleşmeleri üzerinde “okunabilirlik” kavramı tartışılmıştır. Çalışmada Lynch’in kullandığı zihin haritalama yöntemi temel alınmış ve pilot bölge olarak KTU Kanuni Kampüsü seçilerek kampüsün okunabilirliği araştırılmıştır. Çalışma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde okunabilirlik, imaj, zihin haritaları ve Lynch’in imaj öğelerini içeren literatür çalışması yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde Mimarlık Bölümü 1. 2. 3. ve 4. sınıf öğrencilerinin çizdiği haritalar, her bir sınıf için ayrı birer zihin haritasına dönüştürülmüştür. Son bölümde ise tüm bu veriler ortaya konmuştur. Çalışmada sınıfların kampüse ilişkin zihin haritalarındaki farklılıklar ve ortaklıklar ortaya konmuştur. Elde edilen verilerle deneyimle birlikte kampüs algısının değişip değişmediği tartışılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bir kampüsün okunabilir olması kampüs tasarımında önemli bir tasarım problemidir. Dolayısıyla tasarımcı herkes tarafından güçlü bir imaj elemanları düzenlemelidir.

References

  • Altman, I., Chemers, M.M. (1984). Culture and Environment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.
  • Appleyard, D. (1973). Notes on urban perception and knowledge. In: Image and Environment: Cognitive Mapping and Spatial Behaviour. Downs, R.M., Stea, D. (eds.), Aldine Publishing Company, Chicago, USA, 109-114.
  • Aru, K.A. (1984). Şehirsel Tasarım Lisansüstü Ders Notları. Mimar Sinan Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Bölümü, İstanbul.
  • Billinghurst, M., Weghorst, S. (1995). The use of sketch maps to measure cognitive maps of virtual environments. Proceedings of Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium, April 1995, Piscataway, New Jersey, Book of Proceedings, 40–47.
  • Bozdağ, A., Gümüş, M.G., Gümüş, K., Durduran, S.S., (2020). Evaluating spatial legibility of the university campus using GIS. Aksaray University, Journal of Science and Engineering, 4(2): 127-147.
  • Cassidy, T. (1997). Environmental design. In Environmental Psychology, Behaviour an Experience in Context. Psychology Press, United Kingdom.
  • Downs, R.M., Stea, D. (1973). Image and Environment: Cognitive Mapping and Spatial Behavior. Aldine Publishing Company, Chicago, USA.
  • Downs, R. M., Stea, D. (1977). Maps in Minds: Reflections on Cognitive Mapping. Harper and Row, New York, USA.
  • Duralı, G., Köseoğlu, E. (2019). Göynük’te mekansal aşinalık ve kentsel okunabilirlik ilişkisi. 4th International Symposium on Innovative Approaches in Architecture, Planning and Design November 22-24, 2019, Samsun, Turkey, SETSCI Conference Proceedings, 55-57.
  • Gould, P.R. (1973). On mental maps. In Image and Environment: Cognitive Mapping and Spatial Behaviour. Downs, R.M., Stea, D. (eds), Aldine Publishing Company, Chicago, USA, 182-220.
  • İmamoğlu, C. (2000). Complexity, liking and familiarity: architecture and non-architecture Turkish students' assessments of traditional and modern house facades. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 20(1): 5–16.
  • Kearney, A.R., Kaplan, S. (1997). Toward a methodology for the measurement of knowledge structures of ordinary people: the conceptual content cognitive map. Environment and Behavior, 29 (5): 579–617.
  • Lynch, K. (1960). The Image of the City. MIT Press, Cambridge, England.
  • Lynch, D. (1973). Some references to orientation. In: Image and Environment: Cognitive Mapping and Spatial Behaviour. Downs, R.M., Stea D. (eds.), Aldine Publishing Company, Chicago, USA, 300-315.
  • Milgram, S. (1972). A psychological map of New York City. American Scientist, 60:194- 204.
  • O'Neill, M.J. (1992). Effects of familiarity and plan complexity on wayfinding in simulated buildings. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 12: 319-327.
  • Portugali, J. (1996). The construction of cognitive maps: an introduction. In: The Construction of Cognitive Map. Portugali, J. (eds), Kluwer Academic Publishing, Boston, USA.
  • Sedig, K., Rowhani, S., Liang, H. (2005). Designing interfaces that support formation of cognitive maps of transitional processes: an empirical study. Interacting with Computers, 17(4): 419-452.
  • Spence, R. (1999). A framework for navigation. International Journal for Human–Computer Studies, 51: 919–945.
  • Spence, R. (2001). Information visualization. Pearson Education, Harlow, England.
  • Sudes, I., Gokten, C. (2012). Cognitive maps of Europe: geographical knowledge of Turkish geograph students, European Journal of Geography, 3(1): 41-56.
  • Tuan, Y. (1975). Images and mental maps. Annals of Association of American Geographers 65(2): 205-213.
  • Tümertekin, E., Özgüç, N. (2002). Beşeri Coğrafya: İnsan, Kültür, Mekân. Çantay Kitabevi, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Uğurlu, N. B. (2004). The Roman Nymphaea in The Cities of Asia Minor: Function In Context. Middle East Technical University Institute of Social Sciences Master Thesis, Istanbul, 151.
  • URL-1 (2021). http://www.ktu.edu.tr/ktu-tarihce (Erişim Tarihi: 11.06.2021)
  • Ülkeryıldız, E., Durmuş Arsan, Z., Akış, T. (2009). Öğrenci zihin haritalarında kente ilişkin deneyimle değişen çevre algısı, Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(1): 72-82.
  • Van Dijk, B., Op Den Akker, R., Nijholt, A., Zwiers, J. (2003). Navigation assistance in virtual worlds. Informing Science Journal, 6: 115–125.
  • Welling, H. (2003). An evolutionary function of the depressive reaction: the cognitive map hypothesis. New Ideas In Psychology, 21: 147–156.
  • Yeap, W.K., Jefferies, M.E. (2000). On early cognitive mapping. Spatial Cognition and Computation, 2(2): 85–116.

Readability of Karadeniz Technical University Kanuni Campus, Trabzon-Turkey

Year 2021, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 336 - 350, 01.12.2021
https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.953205

Abstract

Physical environments that are perceivable and readable help the users to reach their destinations without getting lost on the one hand and cause them to internalize the environments in which they reside and to identify themselves with the environments on the other. This study discusses the notion of “readability” of the campus settlements that have multifunctionality, open and closed areas, etc. The study employed Lynch’s mind mapping method, and the Kanuni Campus of Karadeniz Technical University (KTU) was chosen as the pilot area and its readability was investigated.The study consists of three sections. The first section is a literature review on readability, image, mind maps, and Lynch’s image elements. In the second section of the study, the maps drawn by the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th year students of the Department of Architecture were transformed into a separate mind map for each class. The third section presents the analyses. The study exposed the similarities and differences in the mind maps of the students in different classes. Based on the results The readability of a campus is an important design problem in campus design. While doing this, the designer should organize the image elements that create a strong image effect in everyone.

References

  • Altman, I., Chemers, M.M. (1984). Culture and Environment. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, England.
  • Appleyard, D. (1973). Notes on urban perception and knowledge. In: Image and Environment: Cognitive Mapping and Spatial Behaviour. Downs, R.M., Stea, D. (eds.), Aldine Publishing Company, Chicago, USA, 109-114.
  • Aru, K.A. (1984). Şehirsel Tasarım Lisansüstü Ders Notları. Mimar Sinan Üniversitesi Mimarlık Fakültesi Şehir ve Bölge Planlama Bölümü, İstanbul.
  • Billinghurst, M., Weghorst, S. (1995). The use of sketch maps to measure cognitive maps of virtual environments. Proceedings of Virtual Reality Annual International Symposium, April 1995, Piscataway, New Jersey, Book of Proceedings, 40–47.
  • Bozdağ, A., Gümüş, M.G., Gümüş, K., Durduran, S.S., (2020). Evaluating spatial legibility of the university campus using GIS. Aksaray University, Journal of Science and Engineering, 4(2): 127-147.
  • Cassidy, T. (1997). Environmental design. In Environmental Psychology, Behaviour an Experience in Context. Psychology Press, United Kingdom.
  • Downs, R.M., Stea, D. (1973). Image and Environment: Cognitive Mapping and Spatial Behavior. Aldine Publishing Company, Chicago, USA.
  • Downs, R. M., Stea, D. (1977). Maps in Minds: Reflections on Cognitive Mapping. Harper and Row, New York, USA.
  • Duralı, G., Köseoğlu, E. (2019). Göynük’te mekansal aşinalık ve kentsel okunabilirlik ilişkisi. 4th International Symposium on Innovative Approaches in Architecture, Planning and Design November 22-24, 2019, Samsun, Turkey, SETSCI Conference Proceedings, 55-57.
  • Gould, P.R. (1973). On mental maps. In Image and Environment: Cognitive Mapping and Spatial Behaviour. Downs, R.M., Stea, D. (eds), Aldine Publishing Company, Chicago, USA, 182-220.
  • İmamoğlu, C. (2000). Complexity, liking and familiarity: architecture and non-architecture Turkish students' assessments of traditional and modern house facades. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 20(1): 5–16.
  • Kearney, A.R., Kaplan, S. (1997). Toward a methodology for the measurement of knowledge structures of ordinary people: the conceptual content cognitive map. Environment and Behavior, 29 (5): 579–617.
  • Lynch, K. (1960). The Image of the City. MIT Press, Cambridge, England.
  • Lynch, D. (1973). Some references to orientation. In: Image and Environment: Cognitive Mapping and Spatial Behaviour. Downs, R.M., Stea D. (eds.), Aldine Publishing Company, Chicago, USA, 300-315.
  • Milgram, S. (1972). A psychological map of New York City. American Scientist, 60:194- 204.
  • O'Neill, M.J. (1992). Effects of familiarity and plan complexity on wayfinding in simulated buildings. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 12: 319-327.
  • Portugali, J. (1996). The construction of cognitive maps: an introduction. In: The Construction of Cognitive Map. Portugali, J. (eds), Kluwer Academic Publishing, Boston, USA.
  • Sedig, K., Rowhani, S., Liang, H. (2005). Designing interfaces that support formation of cognitive maps of transitional processes: an empirical study. Interacting with Computers, 17(4): 419-452.
  • Spence, R. (1999). A framework for navigation. International Journal for Human–Computer Studies, 51: 919–945.
  • Spence, R. (2001). Information visualization. Pearson Education, Harlow, England.
  • Sudes, I., Gokten, C. (2012). Cognitive maps of Europe: geographical knowledge of Turkish geograph students, European Journal of Geography, 3(1): 41-56.
  • Tuan, Y. (1975). Images and mental maps. Annals of Association of American Geographers 65(2): 205-213.
  • Tümertekin, E., Özgüç, N. (2002). Beşeri Coğrafya: İnsan, Kültür, Mekân. Çantay Kitabevi, İstanbul, Türkiye.
  • Uğurlu, N. B. (2004). The Roman Nymphaea in The Cities of Asia Minor: Function In Context. Middle East Technical University Institute of Social Sciences Master Thesis, Istanbul, 151.
  • URL-1 (2021). http://www.ktu.edu.tr/ktu-tarihce (Erişim Tarihi: 11.06.2021)
  • Ülkeryıldız, E., Durmuş Arsan, Z., Akış, T. (2009). Öğrenci zihin haritalarında kente ilişkin deneyimle değişen çevre algısı, Balıkesir Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 11(1): 72-82.
  • Van Dijk, B., Op Den Akker, R., Nijholt, A., Zwiers, J. (2003). Navigation assistance in virtual worlds. Informing Science Journal, 6: 115–125.
  • Welling, H. (2003). An evolutionary function of the depressive reaction: the cognitive map hypothesis. New Ideas In Psychology, 21: 147–156.
  • Yeap, W.K., Jefferies, M.E. (2000). On early cognitive mapping. Spatial Cognition and Computation, 2(2): 85–116.
There are 29 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Architecture
Journal Section Research Paper
Authors

Demet Yılmaz Yıldırım 0000-0001-8894-3385

Publication Date December 1, 2021
Acceptance Date August 31, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 12 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yılmaz Yıldırım, D. (2021). Readability of Karadeniz Technical University Kanuni Campus, Trabzon-Turkey. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi, 12(2), 336-350. https://doi.org/10.29048/makufebed.953205