NON-CONTRIBUTORY SOCIAL SECURITY APPLICATION FOR ELDERLY AND INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES’: THE CASE OF TURKEY

Year 2021, , 1321 - 1342, 30.11.2021

Mete Kaan Namal , Aynur Yumurtacı , Bülent Arpat

https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.803737

Abstract

In Turkey, although the social security of the disadvantaged, elderly and/or individuals with disabilities take place within the non-contributory system and them having the same requirements to claim their monthly payments, the amount of individuals with disabilities’ Monthly Payments which were paid until June 2018 have always exceeded the Elderly Persons’ Monthly Premiums. In contrast, afterwards the 2016 amendment, the individuals with disabilities have faced injustice with the “per capita income” principle, which was implemented in favor of the elderly. With this study, we aim to emphasize that with the adoption of the Individuals with Disabilities' Law of 2005, the conditions and amount of premiums to claim Elderly and Individuals with Disabilities’ Monthly Benefits are inconsistent with the social justice principle. Thus, we state that the amount of monthly payments paid to the disadvantaged elderly people and individuals with disabilities are insufficient to have them reach the minimum living standards. Accordingly, it became evident that to fulfill the social justice principle in paying the elderly and individuals with disabilities’ monthly premiums within the non-contributory system in Turkey, indexation has to be carried at 40% rate of the “per capita net income”.

Keywords

Social security, disadvantaged groups, monthly payments for the elderly, monthly payments for the individuals with disabilities, law no.2022

PRİMSİZ UYGULAMALARLA YAŞLI VE ENGELLİLERİN SOSYAL GÜVENLİĞİ: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Abstract

İstihdamı mümkün olmayan ve dolayısıyla sosyal sigortalar sistemi dışında kalan yaşlı ve(ya) engelliler gibi dezavantajlı sosyal grupların sosyal güvenliği, dünyadaki yaygın uygulamalara göre genelde primsiz sistem aracılıyla sağlanmaktadır. Türkiye’de de muhtaç, yaşlı ve(ya) engellilerin sosyal güvenliği primsiz sistem kapsamında olup aylıkları hak etme şartları aynı olmakla beraber, Haziran 2018’e kadar ödenen Engelli Aylıklarının miktarı, hep Yaşlı Aylığı üzerinde seyretmiştir. Buna mukabil, 2016 yılında yapılan değişiklik sonrasında, yaşlılar lehine uygulanan “kişi başına düşen gelir” ilkesi ile birlikte bu defa da engelliler haksızlığa uğramıştır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’de 2005 tarihli Engelliler Kanunu’nun kabulü ile birlikte, Yaşlı ve Engelli Aylığı almaya yönelik şartların ve ödeme miktarlarının, sosyal adalet ilkesine aykırı olduğunu vurgulamak amaçlanmaktadır. Böylece muhtaç yaşlılara ve engellilere ödenen aylıkların miktarının onları asgari hayat standardına kavuşturmada yetersiz olduğu ortaya konmaktadır. Çalışmada, bütün dezavantajlı sosyal grupları asgari hayat standardına kavuşturabilmek için “kişi başına düşen gelir” ilkesinin muhtaç durumdaki her birey için geçerli olması gerektiğinin altı da çizilmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, Türkiye’de primsiz sistem kapsamındaki yaşlı ve engelli aylıklarının ödenmesinde sosyal adalet ilkesinin yerine getirilmesi için “kişi başına düşen ortalama (net) millî gelir”in %40’ı üzerinden endeksleme yapılması gerektiği ortaya çıkmıştır.

Keywords

Sosyal Güvenlik, Dezavantajlı Gruplar, Yaşlı Aylığı, Engelli Aylıkları, 2022 Sayılı Kanun

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