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PANDEMİ SONRASI YENİ KÜRESEL TEDARİK ZİNCİRİNDE GÜÇLENEN HALKA OLMAK: TÜRKİYE EKONOMİSİNDE DIŞ TİCARET HACMİNİ VE İSTİHDAMI EŞANLI ARTIRMA ARAYIŞI

Year 2021, , 1476 - 1498, 30.11.2021

İlkay Güler , Yunus Emre Aydınbaş

https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.859593

Abstract

This study is intended to discuss turning a broken global supply chain into an opportunity by Turkey in post-COVID-19 period and the possibility to be an alternative to China in the sectors in which Turkey is more advantageous and solution seeking to repair the employment structure which has been damaged in pandemic process. Partial direct backward linkages coefficients of both countries were calculated and Leontief similarity test and Spearman correlation test were applied to the obtained coefficients, and the results of both tests were evaluated together. As a result of the analysis, sectors having the advantage of Turkey's foreign trade is as follows: “manufacture of food products”, “manufacture of textiles”, "manufacture of other non-metalic mineral products", "construction" “manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials” and “manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, manufacture of electrical equipment”. The activities of the first 4 of these sectors are among the 6 activities which were published by TOBB and they were most affected by the Covid-19 outbreak and closed down.electronic and optical products, manufacture of electrical equipment”.

Keywords

economic development employment post-covid19 global supply chain economic growth

References

  • Altunkaynak, B. and Gamgam, H. (2012). Parametrik Olmayan Yöntemler. (4. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Aydoğuş, O. (2010). Girdi-Çıktı Modellerine Giriş. (3. baskı). Ankara:Efil Yayınevi.
  • Balassa, B. (1965). Trade Liberalisation and ‘Revealed’ Comparative Advantage. The Manchester School, 33, 99-123.
  • Banga, R. (2013). Measuring Value in Global Value Chains. UNCTAD, Background Paper No. RVC-8.
  • Bermingham, F., Leng, S. and Magnier, M. (2020). Coronavirus: China faces fght to hang onto foreign manufacturers as US, Japan, EU make COVID-19 exit plans. South China Morning Post. Retrieved June 07, 2020, from https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3081415/coronavirus-china-faces-fght-hang-foreign-manufacturers-us.
  • Bezdek, R. (1984). Tests of Three Hypotheses Relating to the Leontief Input-Output Model. Royal Statistics Society, 147(3), 499-509.
  • Borin, A. and Mancini, M. (2019). Measuring What Matters in Global Value Chains and Value-Added Trade. The World Bank.
  • Caliò, S., Caloghirou, Y., Dimas, P. Tsakanikas, A. and Roth, F. (2020). The Contribution of Intangible Inputs and Participation in Global Value Chains to Productivity Performance: Evidence From the EU-28, 2000-2014. (No. 5). Hamburg Discussion Papers in International Economics.
  • Chenery, H. B. and Watanabe, T. (1958). International Comparison of the Structure of Production. Econometrica, 26(4), 487-521.
  • Daudin, G., Schweisguth, D. and Rifflart, C. (2011). Who Produces for Whom in the World Economy?. Canadian Journal of Economics, 44(4), 1403-1437.
  • Dietzenbacher, E. and Los, B. (2000). Structural Decomposition Analyses With Dependent Determinants. Economic System Research, 12(4), 497-514.
  • Dornbusch, R., Fischer, S. and Samuelson, P. A. (1980). Heckscher-Ohlin Trade Theory With a Continuum of Goods. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 95(2), 203-224. EUROSTAT (2020). Index of Correspondence Tables. Retrieved May 04, 2020, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/relations/index.cfm?TargetUrl=LST_REL&StrLanguageCod.
  • Farlie, D.J.G. (1960). The Performance of Some Correlation Coefficients for a General Bivariate Distribution, Great Britain. Biometrika Trust, 47(3/4), 307-323.
  • Gao, H. and Ren, M. (2020). Overreliance on China and Dynamic Balancing in the Shift of Global Value Chains in Response to Global Pandemic COVID-19: An Australian and New Zealand Perspective. Asian Business & Management, 1-5.
  • Gereffi, G., Humphrey, J. and Sturgeon, T. (2005). The Governance of Global Value Chains. Review of International Political Economy, 12(1), 78-104.
  • Giammetti, R., Papi, L., Teobaldelli, D. and Ticchi, D. (2020). The Italian Value Chain in the Pandemic: The Input–Output Impact of Covid-19 Lockdown. Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, 1-15.
  • Gibbons, J.D. (1993). Nonparametric Measures of Association. California:Sage Publication.
  • Güler, İ. (2019). İktisadi Kalkınma Temelinde Gayrimenkul Ekonomisi. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Güler, İ. (2020a). Post-Pandemi Süreci İçin Ekonomik Kalkınma Arayışı: Türkiye Örneği. Adam Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(1), 19-50.
  • Güler, İ. (2020b). The Effort To Reduce Negative Externality In Post Covid-19 Period In Turkish Economy: Example Of Transportation Sector. Gaziantep University Journal Of Social Sciences, Volume 19-Issue Covid-19 Special Issue, 702-727.
  • Güler, İ. and Küçükkiremitçi, O. (2020). Ticaret Savaşları Ekseninde Türkiye’de Üretimin İthalata Bağımlılık Düzeyinin Dönemler Arası Benzerlik Analizi. M. Çetinkaya ve G. Muratoğlu (Ed.) içinde: Ticaret ve Kur Savaşları-Küresel Ekonomik Politiğe Yansımaları Küresel Ekonomik Politiğe Yansımaları. (Bölüm 4: 119-156). (1. Baskı). Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Hazari, B. R. (1970). Empirical Identification of Key Sectors in the Indian Economy. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 52(3), 301-305.
  • Hewings, G. J. and Wang, L. (2020). Will Increasing Tariffs on China Really Bring the Manufacturing Plants Back to the US?. Global Economic Review, 1-23.
  • Hummels, D., Ishii, J. and Yi, K.M. (2001). The Nature and Growth of Vertical Specialization in World Trade. Journal of International Economics, 54, 75-96.
  • Johnson, R. C. and Noguera, G. (2012). Accounting for Intermediates: Production Sharing and Trade in Value Added. Journal of International Economics, 86(2), 224–236. Kohl, T. (2019). The Belt and Road Initiative’s Effect on Supply-Chain Trade: Evidence From Structural Gravity Equations. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 12(1), 77-104.
  • Korum, U. (1963). Input-Output Analizi. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Yayınları, Yayın No. 164-146, Ankara: Sevinç Matbaası
  • Leontief, V. W. (1946). Exports, Imports, Domestic Output, and Employment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 171-193.
  • Leontıef, V. W. (1949). Structural Matrices of National Economics. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 17, 273-282.
  • Leontıef, V. W. (1974). Structure of the World Economy: Outline of a Simple Input-Output Formulation. The American Economic Review, 64(6), 823-834.
  • Leontief, V. W. (1985). Input-Output Analysis. In: Input-Output Economics (1986). (2nd Edition). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Leontıef, V. W. (1986a). An Alternative to Aggregation in Input-Output Analysis and National Accounts. In: Input-Output Economics. (2nd Edition). New York:Oxford University Press.
  • Leontıef, V. W. (1986b). Input-Output Analysis. In: Input-Output Economics. (2nd Edition). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Leontıef, V. W. (1951). The Structure of the American Economy. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Leontief, W. (1936). Quantitative Input and Output Relations in the Economic Systems of the United States. The Review of Economic Statistics, 105-125.
  • Los, B. and Timmer, M. P. (2018). Measuring Bilateral Exports of Value Added: A Unified Framework (No. w24896). National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Official Gazette of the Republic of Turkey, (2020). İthalat Rejimi Kararına Ek Karar (Karar Sayısı.2514) Retrieved from https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/05/20200511M1-2.pdf, 11.05.2020.
  • Öçal, M and Korkmaz, A. Türkiye’de Emek Piyasasi Politikalarında Yeni Bir Dönem: İşsizlik Yardımı. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(3), 731-754.
  • Öney, E. (1980). İktisadi Planlama. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Yayınları No:438. Ankara: Sevinç Matbaası.
  • Özaydın, M. M. (2013). Genç İşsizlikle Mücadelede Aktif İşgücü Piyasasi Politikalarinin Rolü Ve Önemi. Journal of Youth Research, 120.
  • Özaydın, M. M. (2014). Yoksullukla Mücadelede Sosyal Yardımlara Vatandaşlık Temelli Bir Alternatif: Temel Gelir. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 51(589), 93-108.
  • Özaydın, M. M. and Öztürk, M. (2020). Refah Devletinin Krizi Ekseninde Yoksulluk Ve Yeni Sosyal Risklerle Mücadele. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (31), 205-219.
  • Quesnay, F. (1758). Tableau Economique. In: Kuczynski, M. and Meek, R. L. (Editor), Quesnay's Tableau Economique. Macmillan, London.
  • Rasmussen, P.N. (1956). Studies in Intersectorel Relations. Amsterdam: Nourth-Holland.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Family and Social Policies, 2020, E.T., 28.12.2020, www.ailevecalisma.gov.tr.
  • Ricardo, D. (1817). On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. (1971’de Middlesex: Penguin Books tarafından tekrar basılmış hali kullanılmıştır).
  • Shapiro, S.S. and Wilk, M.B. (1965). An Analysis of Variance Test For Normality (Complete Samples). Biometrika, 52(3/4), 591-611.
  • Smith, A. (1776). The Wealth of Nations. Cannan ed. New York: Modern Library.
  • Timmer, M. P., Dietzenbacher, E., Los, B., Stehrer, R. and De Vries, G. J. (2015). An illustrated user guide to the world input–output database: the case of global automotive production. Review of International Economics, 23(3), 575-605.
  • Timmer, M. P., Los, B., Stehrer, R. and De Vries, G. J. (2013). Fragmentation, incomes and jobs: An analysis of European competitiveness. Economic Policy, 28(76), 613-661.
  • Turkey Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) (2020). Girdi-Çıktı Tabloları, Metaveri, Analitik Çerçeve, Kapsam, Tanımlar ve Sınıflamalar, Retrieved from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1021, 01.05.2020
  • The Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey (TOBB). Company Establishment and Liquidation Statics. https://www.tobb.org.tr/BilgiErisimMudurlugu/Sayfalar/KurulanKapananSirketistatistikleri.php, 28.12.2020
  • Ulutaş, U. (2020). Koronavirüs Sonrası Küresel Trendler. Ulutaş U. (Ed.). içinde: COVID-19 Sonrası Küresel Sistem: Eski Sorunlar Yeni Trendler (Bölüm 1: 10-19). Ankara: SAM Yayınları.
  • Viet, V. Q. (1980). Sensitivity Analysis In Input-Output:Theory And Application. PhD Thesis, New York University.
  • Walras, L. (1954). Elements of Pure Economics, or the Theory of Social Wealth. çev. W. Jaffé, Homewood, Ill.:R.D. Irwin. (Eserin orijinali 1874‟te yayımlandı).
  • World Input-Output Database, [WIOD] (2016). National Input-Output Tables, Turkey NIOT, Retrieved from http://www.wiod.org/database/niots16, 26.03.2020.

BEING STRONGER IN NEW GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN AFTER THE PANDEMIC: SEEKING TO INCREASE FOREIGN TRADE VOLUME AND EMPLOYMENT SIMULTANEOUSLY IN TURKEY ECONOMY

Year 2021, , 1476 - 1498, 30.11.2021

İlkay Güler , Yunus Emre Aydınbaş

https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.859593

Abstract

This study is intended to discuss turning a broken global supply chain into an opportunity by Turkey in post-COVID-19 period and the possibility to be an alternative to China in the sectors in which Turkey is more advantageous and solution seeking to repair the employment structure which has been damaged in pandemic process. Partial direct backward linkages coefficients of both countries were calculated and Leontief similarity test and Spearman correlation test were applied to the obtained coefficients, and the results of both tests were evaluated together. As a result of the analysis, sectors having the advantage of Turkey's foreign trade is as follows: “manufacture of food products”, “manufacture of textiles”, "manufacture of other non-metalic mineral products", "construction" “manufacture of articles of straw and plaiting materials” and “manufacture of computer, electronic and optical products, manufacture of electrical equipment”. The activities of the first 4 of these sectors are among the 6 activities which were published by TOBB and they were most affected by the Covid-19 outbreak and closed down.electronic and optical products, manufacture of electrical equipment”.

Keywords

employment global supply chain post-covid-19 economic development

References

  • Altunkaynak, B. and Gamgam, H. (2012). Parametrik Olmayan Yöntemler. (4. Baskı). Ankara: Seçkin Yayıncılık.
  • Aydoğuş, O. (2010). Girdi-Çıktı Modellerine Giriş. (3. baskı). Ankara:Efil Yayınevi.
  • Balassa, B. (1965). Trade Liberalisation and ‘Revealed’ Comparative Advantage. The Manchester School, 33, 99-123.
  • Banga, R. (2013). Measuring Value in Global Value Chains. UNCTAD, Background Paper No. RVC-8.
  • Bermingham, F., Leng, S. and Magnier, M. (2020). Coronavirus: China faces fght to hang onto foreign manufacturers as US, Japan, EU make COVID-19 exit plans. South China Morning Post. Retrieved June 07, 2020, from https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3081415/coronavirus-china-faces-fght-hang-foreign-manufacturers-us.
  • Bezdek, R. (1984). Tests of Three Hypotheses Relating to the Leontief Input-Output Model. Royal Statistics Society, 147(3), 499-509.
  • Borin, A. and Mancini, M. (2019). Measuring What Matters in Global Value Chains and Value-Added Trade. The World Bank.
  • Caliò, S., Caloghirou, Y., Dimas, P. Tsakanikas, A. and Roth, F. (2020). The Contribution of Intangible Inputs and Participation in Global Value Chains to Productivity Performance: Evidence From the EU-28, 2000-2014. (No. 5). Hamburg Discussion Papers in International Economics.
  • Chenery, H. B. and Watanabe, T. (1958). International Comparison of the Structure of Production. Econometrica, 26(4), 487-521.
  • Daudin, G., Schweisguth, D. and Rifflart, C. (2011). Who Produces for Whom in the World Economy?. Canadian Journal of Economics, 44(4), 1403-1437.
  • Dietzenbacher, E. and Los, B. (2000). Structural Decomposition Analyses With Dependent Determinants. Economic System Research, 12(4), 497-514.
  • Dornbusch, R., Fischer, S. and Samuelson, P. A. (1980). Heckscher-Ohlin Trade Theory With a Continuum of Goods. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 95(2), 203-224. EUROSTAT (2020). Index of Correspondence Tables. Retrieved May 04, 2020, from https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/ramon/relations/index.cfm?TargetUrl=LST_REL&StrLanguageCod.
  • Farlie, D.J.G. (1960). The Performance of Some Correlation Coefficients for a General Bivariate Distribution, Great Britain. Biometrika Trust, 47(3/4), 307-323.
  • Gao, H. and Ren, M. (2020). Overreliance on China and Dynamic Balancing in the Shift of Global Value Chains in Response to Global Pandemic COVID-19: An Australian and New Zealand Perspective. Asian Business & Management, 1-5.
  • Gereffi, G., Humphrey, J. and Sturgeon, T. (2005). The Governance of Global Value Chains. Review of International Political Economy, 12(1), 78-104.
  • Giammetti, R., Papi, L., Teobaldelli, D. and Ticchi, D. (2020). The Italian Value Chain in the Pandemic: The Input–Output Impact of Covid-19 Lockdown. Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, 1-15.
  • Gibbons, J.D. (1993). Nonparametric Measures of Association. California:Sage Publication.
  • Güler, İ. (2019). İktisadi Kalkınma Temelinde Gayrimenkul Ekonomisi. Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Güler, İ. (2020a). Post-Pandemi Süreci İçin Ekonomik Kalkınma Arayışı: Türkiye Örneği. Adam Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(1), 19-50.
  • Güler, İ. (2020b). The Effort To Reduce Negative Externality In Post Covid-19 Period In Turkish Economy: Example Of Transportation Sector. Gaziantep University Journal Of Social Sciences, Volume 19-Issue Covid-19 Special Issue, 702-727.
  • Güler, İ. and Küçükkiremitçi, O. (2020). Ticaret Savaşları Ekseninde Türkiye’de Üretimin İthalata Bağımlılık Düzeyinin Dönemler Arası Benzerlik Analizi. M. Çetinkaya ve G. Muratoğlu (Ed.) içinde: Ticaret ve Kur Savaşları-Küresel Ekonomik Politiğe Yansımaları Küresel Ekonomik Politiğe Yansımaları. (Bölüm 4: 119-156). (1. Baskı). Ankara: Gazi Kitabevi.
  • Hazari, B. R. (1970). Empirical Identification of Key Sectors in the Indian Economy. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 52(3), 301-305.
  • Hewings, G. J. and Wang, L. (2020). Will Increasing Tariffs on China Really Bring the Manufacturing Plants Back to the US?. Global Economic Review, 1-23.
  • Hummels, D., Ishii, J. and Yi, K.M. (2001). The Nature and Growth of Vertical Specialization in World Trade. Journal of International Economics, 54, 75-96.
  • Johnson, R. C. and Noguera, G. (2012). Accounting for Intermediates: Production Sharing and Trade in Value Added. Journal of International Economics, 86(2), 224–236. Kohl, T. (2019). The Belt and Road Initiative’s Effect on Supply-Chain Trade: Evidence From Structural Gravity Equations. Cambridge Journal of Regions, Economy and Society, 12(1), 77-104.
  • Korum, U. (1963). Input-Output Analizi. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Fakültesi Yayınları, Yayın No. 164-146, Ankara: Sevinç Matbaası
  • Leontief, V. W. (1946). Exports, Imports, Domestic Output, and Employment. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 171-193.
  • Leontıef, V. W. (1949). Structural Matrices of National Economics. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 17, 273-282.
  • Leontıef, V. W. (1974). Structure of the World Economy: Outline of a Simple Input-Output Formulation. The American Economic Review, 64(6), 823-834.
  • Leontief, V. W. (1985). Input-Output Analysis. In: Input-Output Economics (1986). (2nd Edition). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Leontıef, V. W. (1986a). An Alternative to Aggregation in Input-Output Analysis and National Accounts. In: Input-Output Economics. (2nd Edition). New York:Oxford University Press.
  • Leontıef, V. W. (1986b). Input-Output Analysis. In: Input-Output Economics. (2nd Edition). New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Leontıef, V. W. (1951). The Structure of the American Economy. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Leontief, W. (1936). Quantitative Input and Output Relations in the Economic Systems of the United States. The Review of Economic Statistics, 105-125.
  • Los, B. and Timmer, M. P. (2018). Measuring Bilateral Exports of Value Added: A Unified Framework (No. w24896). National Bureau of Economic Research.
  • Official Gazette of the Republic of Turkey, (2020). İthalat Rejimi Kararına Ek Karar (Karar Sayısı.2514) Retrieved from https://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2020/05/20200511M1-2.pdf, 11.05.2020.
  • Öçal, M and Korkmaz, A. Türkiye’de Emek Piyasasi Politikalarında Yeni Bir Dönem: İşsizlik Yardımı. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 7(3), 731-754.
  • Öney, E. (1980). İktisadi Planlama. Ankara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilgiler Yayınları No:438. Ankara: Sevinç Matbaası.
  • Özaydın, M. M. (2013). Genç İşsizlikle Mücadelede Aktif İşgücü Piyasasi Politikalarinin Rolü Ve Önemi. Journal of Youth Research, 120.
  • Özaydın, M. M. (2014). Yoksullukla Mücadelede Sosyal Yardımlara Vatandaşlık Temelli Bir Alternatif: Temel Gelir. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, 51(589), 93-108.
  • Özaydın, M. M. and Öztürk, M. (2020). Refah Devletinin Krizi Ekseninde Yoksulluk Ve Yeni Sosyal Risklerle Mücadele. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, (31), 205-219.
  • Quesnay, F. (1758). Tableau Economique. In: Kuczynski, M. and Meek, R. L. (Editor), Quesnay's Tableau Economique. Macmillan, London.
  • Rasmussen, P.N. (1956). Studies in Intersectorel Relations. Amsterdam: Nourth-Holland.
  • Republic of Turkey Ministry of Family and Social Policies, 2020, E.T., 28.12.2020, www.ailevecalisma.gov.tr.
  • Ricardo, D. (1817). On the Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. (1971’de Middlesex: Penguin Books tarafından tekrar basılmış hali kullanılmıştır).
  • Shapiro, S.S. and Wilk, M.B. (1965). An Analysis of Variance Test For Normality (Complete Samples). Biometrika, 52(3/4), 591-611.
  • Smith, A. (1776). The Wealth of Nations. Cannan ed. New York: Modern Library.
  • Timmer, M. P., Dietzenbacher, E., Los, B., Stehrer, R. and De Vries, G. J. (2015). An illustrated user guide to the world input–output database: the case of global automotive production. Review of International Economics, 23(3), 575-605.
  • Timmer, M. P., Los, B., Stehrer, R. and De Vries, G. J. (2013). Fragmentation, incomes and jobs: An analysis of European competitiveness. Economic Policy, 28(76), 613-661.
  • Turkey Statistical Institute (TURKSTAT) (2020). Girdi-Çıktı Tabloları, Metaveri, Analitik Çerçeve, Kapsam, Tanımlar ve Sınıflamalar, Retrieved from http://www.tuik.gov.tr/PreTablo.do?alt_id=1021, 01.05.2020
  • The Union of Chambers and Commodity Exchanges of Turkey (TOBB). Company Establishment and Liquidation Statics. https://www.tobb.org.tr/BilgiErisimMudurlugu/Sayfalar/KurulanKapananSirketistatistikleri.php, 28.12.2020
  • Ulutaş, U. (2020). Koronavirüs Sonrası Küresel Trendler. Ulutaş U. (Ed.). içinde: COVID-19 Sonrası Küresel Sistem: Eski Sorunlar Yeni Trendler (Bölüm 1: 10-19). Ankara: SAM Yayınları.
  • Viet, V. Q. (1980). Sensitivity Analysis In Input-Output:Theory And Application. PhD Thesis, New York University.
  • Walras, L. (1954). Elements of Pure Economics, or the Theory of Social Wealth. çev. W. Jaffé, Homewood, Ill.:R.D. Irwin. (Eserin orijinali 1874‟te yayımlandı).
  • World Input-Output Database, [WIOD] (2016). National Input-Output Tables, Turkey NIOT, Retrieved from http://www.wiod.org/database/niots16, 26.03.2020.
There are 55 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

İlkay Güler 0000-0003-1289-6652

Yunus Emre Aydınbaş 0000-0001-5760-9966

Publication Date November 30, 2021
Submission Date January 12, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021

Cite

APA Güler, İ., & Aydınbaş, Y. E. (2021). BEING STRONGER IN NEW GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN AFTER THE PANDEMIC: SEEKING TO INCREASE FOREIGN TRADE VOLUME AND EMPLOYMENT SIMULTANEOUSLY IN TURKEY ECONOMY. Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty, 8(3), 1476-1498. https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.859593

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