KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE: COMPARISON OF TURKEY AND THE EUROPEAN UNION

Year 2019, Volume: 6 Issue: 3, 916 - 935, 31.12.2019

Hasan Önder Sarıdoğan Muhammed Veysel Kaya

https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.569498

Cited By: 5

Abstract

Economic growth is defined as the
long-term expansion of an economy's production capacity. As a result of
economic growth, significant changes can occur in the economic, social and
cultural structures of a country. In this context, the development process of
growth has attracted the attention of economists, researchers, policy makers
and even households historically. In the economics literature, this concept was
first associated with the agricultural revolution and afterwards with
industrial revolution. In the last quarter of the 20th century, the foundations
of a third revolution under the leadership of knowledge and technology are
laid. Economies which use labor, capital as well as knowledge are one step
ahead in the name of growth.

The aim of this study is to
examine the relationship between the economic performance and knowledge economy
which has knowledge, technology and innovation are in significant place and in
this context, it is to make comparisons between EU countries and Turkey. In
this study, the impact of the knowledge economy on economic performance has been
examined by the selected economics components of 7 main topics in the World
Bank KAM methodology Custom Scorecards. By using data of 1998-2017 period of 28
EU members and Turkey that has been postulated to be a member in the unity for
a long time, a panel data analysis was performed.

According to the results of the analysis, the
variables of capital, labor, export, R&D expenditures, education
expenditures and public activity which are the components of the knowledge
economy used in the study, have a positive effect on economic performance.
Additionally, it was determined that other knowledge economy compo-nents except
female in labor force and mobile phone subscription variables were more
effective and efficient in EU countries in terms of economic performance.

Keywords

Knowledge, Knowledge Economy, Economic Performance, Panel Data Analysis

BİLGİ EKONOMİSİ VE EKONOMİK PERFORMANS: TÜRKİYE VE AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ KARŞILAŞTIRMASI

Abstract

Ekonomik büyüme bir ekonominin
üretim kapasitesinin uzun dönemli genişlemesi olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Ekonomik
büyüme sonucu bir ülkenin iktisadi, sosyal ve kültürel yapısında önemli
değişimler meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu bağlamda, büyüme kavramının gelişim
süreci tarih boyunca iktisatçıların, araştırmacıların, politika yapıcıların ve
hatta hanehalklarının ilgisini çekmiştir. Ekonomi yazınında bu kavram önce
tarım devrimi daha sonra sanayi devrimi ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. 20. yüzyılın
son çeyreğinde bilgi ve teknoloji öncülüğünde gerçekleşen üçüncü bir devrimin
temelleri atılmaktadır. Geleneksel üretim faktörleri emek ve sermayenin yanında
bilgiyi de kullanan ekonomiler büyüme adına bir adım öne geçmektedir.

Bu çalışmanın amacı bilgi, teknoloji
ve yeniliğin ön planda olduğu bilgi ekonomisi bileşenleri ile ekonomik
performans arasındaki ilişkileri incelemek ve bu bağlamda Türkiye ile AB
ülkeleri arasında karşılaştırma yapmaktır. Çalışmada, Dünya Bankası KAM
metodolojisi Custom Scorecards’ da yer alan 7 temel başlıktaki seçilmiş bilgi
ekonomisi bileşenlerinin ekonomik performans üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiştir.
28 AB üyesi ülke ve uzun yıllardır bu birliğe dahil olmak isteyen Türkiye’nin
1998-2017 dönemi verileri ile panel veri analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir.

Analiz sonuçlarına göre, çalışmada kullanılan
bilgi ekonomisi bileşenlerinden sermaye, emek, ihracat, Ar-Ge harcamaları,
eğitim harcamaları ve kamu etkinliği değişkenlerinin ekonomik performansı
olumlu etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca ekonomik performans açısından kadın
işgücü ve cep telefonu abonelikleri değişkenleri hariç diğer bilgi ekonomisi
bileşenlerinin AB ülkelerinde daha etkili ve verimli olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Keywords

Bilgi, Bilgi Ekonomisi, Ekonomik Performans, Panel Veri Analizi

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