TÜRKİYE'DEKİ COVID-19 SALGINININ PSİKOLOJİK ETKİLERİ VE PSİKOLOJİK DAYANIKLILIĞI

Year 2023, Volume: 10 Issue: 3, 1828 - 1842, 30.11.2023

Nilgün Ulutaşdemir , Süreyya Yigitalp Rençber , Ebru Öztürk Çopur

https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1097775

Abstract

Kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı tipte olan çalışmanın evreni 19 Mayıs-19 Temmuz 2020 tarihleri arasında Türkiye'deki kişilerdir. Salgın olduğu için çevrim içi yolla gönüllü 3035 kişiye ulaşılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı, sosyodemografik özellikler, COVID-19 salgını, salgının psikolojik etkileri, psikolojik dayanıklığı ve Beck's Anksiyete Envanteri ile ilgili sorulardan oluşuyordu. Bireylerin %0,8'i koronavirüse yakalandığını, %21,4'ü ailesinin veya çevresinin koronavirüse yakalandığını, %6,3'ünün vefat eden akrabaları olduğunu ve %9,9'u şüpheli olarak karantinaya başvurduğunu ifade etti. Kadınlarda, ileri yaş grubundakilerde, evlilerde, eğitim düzeyi yüksek olanlarda ve sosyoekonomik durumunu düşük algılayanlarda Beck's Anksiyete Envanteri puan ortalamalarının daha yüksek olduğu bulundu. Türkiye'de yaşayan kişiler koronavirüs salgını etkisiyle yüksek düzeyde anksiyete yaşamaktadır.

Keywords

COVID-19, Salgın, Psikoloji, Psikolojik Dayanıklılık, Türkiye

PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE OF THE COVID-19 OUTBREAK IN TURKEY

Abstract

Cross-sectional and descriptive type of the universe of the study has created 19 May to 19 July 2020, individuals living in Turkey. Owing to pandemic has been achieved 3035 people who accept attending to researching applying online survey method. The data collection tool, the pandemic, psychological effects and pesilience of the outbreak, and Beck's Anxiety Inventory. 0.8% of individuals stated that they suffered from coronavirus, 21.4% of them were affected by coronavirus disease in their family or close environment, 6.3% of them were relatives who died of this disease, and 9.9% of them applied quarantine as a suspicious patient. It was found that the mean Beck's Anxiety Inventory scores were higher in women, in those in the advanced age group, in married individuals, in thosewith a higher education level, and in those perceiving their socioeconomic status lower. In this study, individuals living in Turkey were found to experience high levels of stres because pandemic.

Keywords

COVID-19, Outbreak, Psychology, Psychological Resilience, Turkey

References

• Aslan, R. (2020). Kovid-19 fizyoloji ve psikolojiyi nasıl etkiliyor?. Ayrıntı Dergisi, 8(88), 47-53.
• Baltacı, N. N. and Coşar, B. (2020). COVID-19 pandemisi ve ruh beden ilişkisi. In B. Coşar (Ed.), Psikiyatri ve Covid-19 (pp. 1-6). Ankara: Türkiye Klinikleri.
• Bäuerle, A., Teufel, M., Musche, V., Weismuller, B., Kohler, H., Hetkamp, Dörrie, N., Schweda, A. and Skoda, E. M. (2020). Increased generalized anxiety, depression and distress during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross-sectional study in Germany. Journal of Public Health, 42(4), 672-678. https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdaa106.
• Beck, A.T., Epstein, N., Brown, G. and Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(6), 893-897. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006x.56.6.893.
• Bostan, S., Erdem, R., Ozturk, Y. E., Kilic, T. and Yılmaz, A. (2020). The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the Turkish society. Electronic Journal of General Medicine, 17(6), em237. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejgm/7944.
• Bozkurt, Y., Zeybek, Z. and Askin, R. (2020). Covid-19 pandemisi: Psikolojik etkileri ve terapötik müdahaleler. İstanbul Ticaret Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 19(37), 304-318.
• Budak, F. and Korkmaz, S. (2020). COVID-19 pandemi sürecine yönelik genel bir değerlendirme: Türkiye örneği. Sosyal Araştırmalar ve Yönetim Dergisi, 1, 62-79. https://doi.org/10.35375/sayod.738657.
• Coronavirus Resource Centre. (2020). COVID-19 Dashboard by the Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University. Available at: https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/map.html [accessed 5 September 2020].
• Ekiz, T., Iliman, E. and Donmez, E. (2020). Bireylerin sağlık anksiyetesi düzeyleri ile COVID-19 salgını kontrol algısının karşılaştırılması. Uluslararası Sağlık Yönetimi ve Stratejileri Araştırma Dergisi, 6(1), 139-154.
• Elli, U. E. (2020). Pandemic and its psychological effects. Available at: http://acikerisim.gelisim.edu.tr/xmlui/bitstream/handle/11363/2202/Pandemi%20ve%20Psikolojik%20Etkileri.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y Accessed 5 September 2020.
• Gao, J., Zheng, P., Jia, Y., Chen, H., Mao, Y., Chen, S., Whang, Y., Fu, H. and Dai, J. (2020). Mental health problems and social media exposure during COVID-19 outbreak. PLoS One, 15(4), e0231924. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. 0231924.
• Huang, Y. and Zhao, N. (2020). Generalized anxiety disorder, depressive symptoms and sleep quality during COVID-19 outbreak in China: a web-based cross-sectional survey. Psychiatry Research, 288, 112954. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2020.
• Islam, S., Ferdous, Z. and Potenza, N. (2020). Panic and generalized anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic among Bangladeshi people: An online pilot survey early in the outbreak. Journal of Affective Disorders, 276, 30-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.049.
• Jungman, S. M. and Witthöft, M. (2020). Health anxiety, cyberchondria, and coping in the current COVID-19 pandemic: Which factors are related to coronavirus anxiety?. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 73, 102239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.1022 39.
• Karataş, Z. (2020). COVID-19 Pandemisinin toplumsal etkileri, değişim ve güçlenme. Türkiye Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 3-17.
• Kong, X., Zheng, K., Tang, M., Kong, F., Zhou, J., Diao, L., Wu, S., Jao, P., Su, T. and Dong, Y. (2020). Prevalence and factors associated with depression and anxiety of hospitalized patients with COVID-19. MedRxiv, 20043075. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.24. 2004 3075.
• Kuman Tuncel, O., Pullukcu, H., Erdem, H. A., Kurtaran, B., Tasbakan, S. E. and Isikgoz Tasbakan, M. (2020). COVID-19-related anxiety in people living with HIV: an online cross-sectional study. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 50, 1792-1800. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-2006-140
• Lai, J., Ma, S., Wang, Y., Cai, Z., Hu, J., Wei, N., Wu, J., Du, H., Chen, T., Li, R., Tan, H., Kang, L., Yao, L., Huang, M., Wang, H., Wang, G., Liu, Z. and Hu, S. (2020). Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Network Open, 3(3), e203976. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetwork open.2020.3976.
• Moghanibashi-Mansourieh, A. (2020). Assessing the anxiety level of Iranian general population during COVID-19 outbreak. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 102076. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102076.
• Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N., Santamaria, M. D., Gorrochategui, M. P. and Mondragon, N. I. (2020). Stress, anxiety, and depression levels in the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in a population sample in the northern Spain. Cad. Saúde Pública, 36(4), e00054020. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311X00054020.
• Ozatay, F. and Sak, G. (2020). COVID-19’un Ekonomik Sonuçlarını Yönetebilmek İçin Ne Yapılabilir?. Türkiye Ekonomi Politikaları Araştırma Vakfı (TEPAV). Available at: https://tepav.org.tr/upload/files/1585023057-6.Covid_19un_Ekonomik_Sonuclarini_ Yonetebilmek_Icin_Ne_apilabilir.pdf Accessed 5 September 2020.
• Ozdin, S. and Bayrak Ozdin, S. (2020). Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: the importance of gender. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(5), 504-511. https://doi.org/00207640 20927 051.
• Pappaa, S., Ntella, V., Giannakas, T., Giannakoulis, V. G., Papoutsi, E. and Katsaounou, P. (2020). Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain, Behavior and Immunity, 88, 901-907. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026.
• Rajkumar, R. P. (2020). COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 52, 102066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102066.
• Rehman, U., Shahnawaz, M. G., Khan, N. H., Kharshiing, K. D., Khursheed, M., Gupta, K., Kashyap, D. and Uniyal, R. (2021). Depression, anxiety and stress among Indians in times of COVID 19 lockdown. Community Mental Health Journal, 57(1), 42-48. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-020-00664-x.
• Solomou, I. and Constantinidou, F. (2020). Prevalence and predictors of anxiety and depression symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic and compliance with precautionary measures: Age and sex matter. International Journal Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17144924.
• Tan, B. Y. Q., Chew, N. W. S., Lee, G. K. H., Jing, M., Goh, Y., Yeo, L. L. L. and Sharma, V. K. (2020). Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on health care workers in Singapore. Annals of Internal Medicine, 173(4), 317-320. https://doi.org/10.7326/ M20-1083.
• Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Sağlık Bakanlığı. (2020a). COVID-19 bilgilendirme sayfası. Türkiye COVID-19 hasta tablosu. Available at: https://covid19.saglik.gov.tr/Accessed 5 September 2020.
• Ulusoy, M., Hisli Sahin, N. and Erkmen, H. (1998). Turkish version of the Beck Anxiety Inventory: psychometric properties. Journal Cognitive Psychother, 12(2), 163-172.
• Xiao, H., Zhang, Y., Kong, D., Li, S. and Yang, N. (2020). Social capital and sleep quality in individuals who self-isolated for 14 days during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in January 2020 in China. Medical Science Monitor, 5(26), e923921-1-e923921-8. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.923549.