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An Investigation of Negative Attitudes Toward the Syrians Under Temporary Protection in Terms of Various Variables

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 741 - 757, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1415194

Abstract

In this study, negative attitudes towards Syrians under temporary protection were analyzed in terms of various variables. The "Negative Attitudes Towards Immigrants" scale was used to collect research data. The study population consists of Küçükçekmece residents, one of the districts with the highest population of the Syrians under temporary protection in Istanbul, the most populated province in Turkey. The study showed that the participants who had had a negative dialogue with the Syrians had more negative attitudes than those who had not. Moreover, it was revealed that negative attitudes differed significantly according to the approach toward political issues and the level of nationalism.

References

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  • Bağcı, S. C., Turnuklu, A., & Tercan, M. (2020). Positive intergroup contact decreases the likelihood that prejudicial attitudes become avoidant behavioral tendencies. European Journal of Social Psychology, 50(3), 597-613.
  • Bagci, S. C., Baysu, G., Tercan, M., & Turnuklu, A. (2023). Dealing with increasing negativity toward refugees: a latent growth curve study of positive and negative intergroup contact and approach-avoidance tendencies. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 49(10), 1466-1478.
  • Barlow, F. K., Paolini, S., Pedersen, A., Hornsey, M. J., Radke, H. R. M., Harwood, J., Rubin, M. & Sibley, C. G. (2012). The contact caveat: Negative contact predicts increased prejudice more than positive contact predicts reduced prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(12), 1629-1643., https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167212457953.
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  • Ben-Nun Bloom, P., Arikan, G., & Lahav, G. (2015b). The effect of perceived cultural and material threats on ethnic preferences in immigration attitudes. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 38(10), 1760-1778.
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  • Bohman, A. & Hjerm, M. (2014). How the religious context affects the relationship between religiosity and attitudes towards immigration, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 37(6), 937-957, https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2012.748210.
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  • Gawronski, B., & Bodenhausen, G. V. (2006). Associative and propositional processes in evaluation: An integrative review of implicit and explicit attitude change. Psychological Bulletin, 132(5), 692–731. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.5.692
  • Glock, C. Y., & Stark, R. (1966). Christian beliefs and anti-Semitism. Harper Row Publishers.
  • Gudykunst, W. D. (1995). Anxiety/uncertainty management (AUM) theory: Current status. In R. L. Wiseman (Ed.), Intercultural communication theory (pp. 8–58). Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Güzel, B. (2021). Yerel halkın Türkiye’de bulunan Suriyelilere yönelik tutumunun araştırılması: Kahramanmaraş örneği. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, 81, 151-183. https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2021.81.899619
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  • Grove, N. J., & Zwi, A. B. (2006). Our health and theirs: Forced migration, othering, and public health. Social science & medicine, 62(8), 1931-1942. https://doi.org/10.1016/J. SOCSCIMED.2005.08.061.
  • Günay, G., Ersoy, A.F., Aydıner Boylu, A. & Kılıç, C. (2016). Göçmenlere yönelik olumsuz tutum ölçeğinin Türkçe geçerlilik güvenirliği, Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi, 54(4), 1827-1843.
  • Hayward, L. E., Hornsey, M. J., Tropp, L. R. & Barlow, F. K. (2017). Positive and negative intergroup contact predict Black and White Americans' judgments about police violence against Black Americans. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 47(11), 605-615
  • Hamilton, D. L., Sherman, S. J., & Ruvolo, C. M. (1990). Stereotype‐based expectancies: Effects on information processing and social behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 46(2), 35-60.
  • Hunsberger, B. (1995). Religion and prejudice: The role of religious fundamentalism, quest, and right‐wing authoritarianism. Journal of Social Issues, 51(2), 113-129.
  • Jeong, H. O. (2013). Do national feelings influence public attitudes towards immigration? Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 39(9), 1461-1477.
  • Johnson, M. K., Rowatt, W. C., & LaBouff, J. (2010). Priming Christian religious concepts increases racial prejudice. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1(2), 119-126.
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  • MHP (2023). Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi Seçim Beyannamesi, https://www.mhp.org.tr/htmldocs/mhp/beyanname/mhp/mhp_beyannamesi.html
  • Paloutzian, R. F. (1996). Understanding religious conversion (Book). The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 6(3), 225-227.
  • Paolini, S., Harwood, J., Rubin, M., Husnu, S., Joyce, N. & Hewstone, M. (2014). Positive and extensive intergroup contact in the past buffers against the disproportionate impact of negative contact in the present. European Journal of Social Psychology, 44(6), 548-562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2029.
  • Petty, R.E., Cacioppo, J.T. (1986). The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion. In: Communication and Persuasion. Springer Series in Social Psychology. Springer, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4964-1_1
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  • Sağır, Z. & Paloutzian, R. F. (2020). Religious Attitudes, Demographic Variables, And Prejudice Toward Syrian refugees in Turkey: local data and international differences. Ortadoğu ve Göç, 10(20), 279-304.
  • Saraçoğlu, C., & Bélanger, D. (2019). Loss and xenophobia in the city: contextualizing anti-Syrian sentiments in Izmir, Turkey. Patterns of Prejudice, 53(4), 363-383. https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322X.2019.1615779.
  • Schwartz, S. H., & Huismans, S. (1995). Value priorities and religiosity in four Western religions. Social Psychology Quar terly, 58 (2): 88–107. Scheepers, P., Gijsberts, M., & Coenders, M. (2002). Ethnic exclusionism in European Countries: Public opposition to civil rights for legal migrants as a response to perceived ethnic threat. European Sociological Review, 18(1), 17.
  • Scheepers, P., Gijsberts, M., & Coenders, M. (2002). Ethnic exclusionism in European countries: Public opposition to civil rights for legal migrants as a response to perceived ethnic threat. European Sociological Review, 18(1), 17-34.
  • Scheibner, G., & Morrison, T. G. (2009). “Attitudes toward polish immigrants to the Republic of Ireland: An Integrated Threat Analysis.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 32 (8),1431– 1448. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870902890317.
  • Sherif, M. (1967). Group conflict and co-operation. Their social psychology, Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Stephan, W. G., & Stephan, C. (2000). W. (2000). An integrated threat theory of prejudice. Reducing prejudice and discrimination, 23-45.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.), Allyn and Bacon. Tajfel, H., Turner, J. C., Austin, W. G., & Worchel, S. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. Organizational identity: A reader, 56(65), 33-47
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  • Techakesari, P., Barlow, F. K., Hornsey, M. J., Sung, B., Thai, M., & Chak, J. L. (2015). An investigation of positive and negative contact as predictors of intergroup attitudes in the United States, Hong Kong, and Thailand. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46(3), 454-468. https:// doi.org/10.1177/0022022115570313
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Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 2, 741 - 757, 30.06.2024
https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1415194

Abstract

References

  • Acar, T. (2021). Türkiye’de Suriyeli sığınmacılara yaklaşımlar: Temas ve tehdit kuramlarının analizi. Sosyoloji Araştırmaları Dergisi, 24(3), 185-236. https://doi.org/10.18490/sosars.1014225
  • Adorno, T., Frenkel-Brunswik, E., Levinson, D. J., & Sanford, R. N. (1950). The authoritarian personality. Harper and Row Publishers.
  • Ak Parti. (2023). Siyasal Vizyon belgesi. https://www.akparti.org.tr/parti/2023-siyasal-vizyon/siyaset/
  • Allport, G. W. (1954). The nature of prejudice (25th Anniversary Edition). Basic Books.
  • Allport, G. W., & Ross, J. M. (1967). Personal religious orientations and prejudice. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 5(4), 432–443.
  • Altemeyer, B., & Hunsberger, B. (1992). Authoritarianism, religious fundamentalism, quest and prejudice. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 2(2), 113–133.
  • Altemeyer, B. (2003). Why do religious fundamentalists tend to be prejudiced? The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 13(1), 17-28. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327582IJPR1301_03
  • Anderson, J., & Ferguson, R. (2018). Demographic and ideological correlates of negative attitudes towards asylum seekers: A meta‐analytic review. Australian journal of psychology, 70(1), 18-29., https://doi.org/10.1111/ajpy.12162
  • Bağcı, S. C., Turnuklu, A., & Tercan, M. (2020). Positive intergroup contact decreases the likelihood that prejudicial attitudes become avoidant behavioral tendencies. European Journal of Social Psychology, 50(3), 597-613.
  • Bagci, S. C., Baysu, G., Tercan, M., & Turnuklu, A. (2023). Dealing with increasing negativity toward refugees: a latent growth curve study of positive and negative intergroup contact and approach-avoidance tendencies. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 49(10), 1466-1478.
  • Barlow, F. K., Paolini, S., Pedersen, A., Hornsey, M. J., Radke, H. R. M., Harwood, J., Rubin, M. & Sibley, C. G. (2012). The contact caveat: Negative contact predicts increased prejudice more than positive contact predicts reduced prejudice. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(12), 1629-1643., https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167212457953.
  • Batson, C. D., Schoenrade, P. A., & Ventis, W. L. (1993). Religion and the Individual. A Social Psychological Perspective. Oxford University Press.
  • Beit-Hallahmi, B., & Argyle, M. (1997). The psychology of religious behavior, belief and experience. Taylor & Francis.
  • Ben-Nun Bloom, P., Arıkan, G., & Courtemanche, M. (2015a). Religious social identity, religious belief, and anti-immigration sentiment. American Political Science Review, 109(2), 203-221. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0003055415000143
  • Ben-Nun Bloom, P., Arikan, G., & Lahav, G. (2015b). The effect of perceived cultural and material threats on ethnic preferences in immigration attitudes. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 38(10), 1760-1778.
  • Billiet, J. B. (1995). Church involvement, individualism, and ethnic prejudice among Flemish Roman Catholics: New evidence of a moderating effect. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 34(2), 224-233.
  • Bohman, A. & Hjerm, M. (2014). How the religious context affects the relationship between religiosity and attitudes towards immigration, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 37(6), 937-957, https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2012.748210.
  • Brandt, M. J., & Reyna, C. (2019). "The Role of Prejudice and the Need for Closure in Religious Fundamentalism": Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 36(5), 583–597. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167210366306.
  • Coenders, M., Gijsberts, M., & Scheepers, P. (2017). Resistance to the presence of immigrants and refugees in 22 countries. Nationalism and Exclusion of Migrants, 97-120.
  • Crisp, J. (2005). A new asylum paradigm? Globalization, migration and the uncertain future of the international refugee regime. St Antony's International Review, 1(1), 39-53.
  • Çalişkan Sari, A., & Yalçinkaya Alkar, Ö. (2022). Mediator role of intergroup anxiety in relationship between the social contact, intercultural sensitivity and attitudes towards Syrians among Turkish local society. International Migration. https://doi.org/10.1111/imig.13097
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G., & Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2010). Sosyal bilimler için çok değişkenli istatistik. SPSS ve LISREL uygulamaları. Pegem Akademi.
  • De Vries, C. E., Hakhverdian, A., & Lancee, B. (2013). The dynamics of voters’ left/right identification: The role of economic and cultural attitudes. Political Science Research and Methods, 1(2), 223-238.
  • Djupe, P. A., & Calfano, B. R. (2013). Religious value priming, threat, and political tolerance. Political Research Quarterly, 66(4), 768-780.
  • Doğan, F. ve Ünal, S. (2021). Suriyeli Göçmenlere Yönelik Ayrımcı, Dışlayıcı Söylem ve Eylemlerin Meşrulaştırıcı Kaynakları: Mardin İli Örneği. Sosyolojik Bağlam Dergisi, 2(3), 14-40. https://doi:10.52108/2757-5942.2.3.2
  • Dovidio, J. F., & Gaertner, S. L. (1986). Prejudice, discrimination, and racism. Academic Press.
  • Fraenkel, J.R. & Wallen, N.E. (2006). How to design and evaluate research in education. McGaw-Hill International Edition.
  • Gawronski, B., & Bodenhausen, G. V. (2006). Associative and propositional processes in evaluation: An integrative review of implicit and explicit attitude change. Psychological Bulletin, 132(5), 692–731. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.132.5.692
  • Glock, C. Y., & Stark, R. (1966). Christian beliefs and anti-Semitism. Harper Row Publishers.
  • Gudykunst, W. D. (1995). Anxiety/uncertainty management (AUM) theory: Current status. In R. L. Wiseman (Ed.), Intercultural communication theory (pp. 8–58). Sage Publications, Inc.
  • Güzel, B. (2021). Yerel halkın Türkiye’de bulunan Suriyelilere yönelik tutumunun araştırılması: Kahramanmaraş örneği. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, 81, 151-183. https://doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2021.81.899619
  • Presidency of Migration Management. (2022). Yıllara göre geçici koruma statüsündeki Suriyeliler, https://www.goc.gov.tr/gecici-koruma5638
  • Grove, N. J., & Zwi, A. B. (2006). Our health and theirs: Forced migration, othering, and public health. Social science & medicine, 62(8), 1931-1942. https://doi.org/10.1016/J. SOCSCIMED.2005.08.061.
  • Günay, G., Ersoy, A.F., Aydıner Boylu, A. & Kılıç, C. (2016). Göçmenlere yönelik olumsuz tutum ölçeğinin Türkçe geçerlilik güvenirliği, Üçüncü Sektör Sosyal Ekonomi Dergisi, 54(4), 1827-1843.
  • Hayward, L. E., Hornsey, M. J., Tropp, L. R. & Barlow, F. K. (2017). Positive and negative intergroup contact predict Black and White Americans' judgments about police violence against Black Americans. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 47(11), 605-615
  • Hamilton, D. L., Sherman, S. J., & Ruvolo, C. M. (1990). Stereotype‐based expectancies: Effects on information processing and social behavior. Journal of Social Issues, 46(2), 35-60.
  • Hunsberger, B. (1995). Religion and prejudice: The role of religious fundamentalism, quest, and right‐wing authoritarianism. Journal of Social Issues, 51(2), 113-129.
  • Jeong, H. O. (2013). Do national feelings influence public attitudes towards immigration? Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 39(9), 1461-1477.
  • Johnson, M. K., Rowatt, W. C., & LaBouff, J. (2010). Priming Christian religious concepts increases racial prejudice. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 1(2), 119-126.
  • Korkmaz, H.V. (2021). Küçükçekmece’de yerel halk ve Suriyeliler ihtiyaç analizi ve algı araştırması, Küçükçekmece Belediyesi Yayınları, kucukcekmece-de-yerel-halk-ve-suriyeliler-ihtiyac-analizi-ve-algi-arastirmasi-6.pdf
  • McLaren, Lauren M., & Johnson, Mark. (2007). “Resources, group conflict and symbols: explaining anti-immigration hostility in Britain.” Political Studies 55 (4), 709–732. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2007.00680.
  • MHP (2023). Milliyetçi Hareket Partisi Seçim Beyannamesi, https://www.mhp.org.tr/htmldocs/mhp/beyanname/mhp/mhp_beyannamesi.html
  • Paloutzian, R. F. (1996). Understanding religious conversion (Book). The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, 6(3), 225-227.
  • Paolini, S., Harwood, J., Rubin, M., Husnu, S., Joyce, N. & Hewstone, M. (2014). Positive and extensive intergroup contact in the past buffers against the disproportionate impact of negative contact in the present. European Journal of Social Psychology, 44(6), 548-562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2029.
  • Petty, R.E., Cacioppo, J.T. (1986). The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion. In: Communication and Persuasion. Springer Series in Social Psychology. Springer, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-4964-1_1
  • Rontos, K., Papazoglou, M., Syrmali, M. E., & Sateriano, A. (2022). Towards the eastern gate to Europe: Factors shaping perceptions and attitudes towards migrants in Lesvos Island (Greece), 2016. Regional Statistics, 12(1), 104-134.
  • Sağır, Z. & Paloutzian, R. F. (2020). Religious Attitudes, Demographic Variables, And Prejudice Toward Syrian refugees in Turkey: local data and international differences. Ortadoğu ve Göç, 10(20), 279-304.
  • Saraçoğlu, C., & Bélanger, D. (2019). Loss and xenophobia in the city: contextualizing anti-Syrian sentiments in Izmir, Turkey. Patterns of Prejudice, 53(4), 363-383. https://doi.org/10.1080/0031322X.2019.1615779.
  • Schwartz, S. H., & Huismans, S. (1995). Value priorities and religiosity in four Western religions. Social Psychology Quar terly, 58 (2): 88–107. Scheepers, P., Gijsberts, M., & Coenders, M. (2002). Ethnic exclusionism in European Countries: Public opposition to civil rights for legal migrants as a response to perceived ethnic threat. European Sociological Review, 18(1), 17.
  • Scheepers, P., Gijsberts, M., & Coenders, M. (2002). Ethnic exclusionism in European countries: Public opposition to civil rights for legal migrants as a response to perceived ethnic threat. European Sociological Review, 18(1), 17-34.
  • Scheibner, G., & Morrison, T. G. (2009). “Attitudes toward polish immigrants to the Republic of Ireland: An Integrated Threat Analysis.” Ethnic and Racial Studies 32 (8),1431– 1448. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870902890317.
  • Sherif, M. (1967). Group conflict and co-operation. Their social psychology, Routledge & Kegan Paul.
  • Stephan, W. G., & Stephan, C. (2000). W. (2000). An integrated threat theory of prejudice. Reducing prejudice and discrimination, 23-45.
  • Tabachnick, B. G., & Fidell, L. S. (2013). Using multivariate statistics (6th ed.), Allyn and Bacon. Tajfel, H., Turner, J. C., Austin, W. G., & Worchel, S. (1979). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. Organizational identity: A reader, 56(65), 33-47
  • Tayınmak, İ., & Furtuna, S. (2022). Ebeveynlerin Suriyeli göçmenlere yönelik tutumları: Mersin ili örneği, Avrasya Beşeri Bilim Araştırmaları Dergisi, 2(2), 64-87.
  • Techakesari, P., Barlow, F. K., Hornsey, M. J., Sung, B., Thai, M., & Chak, J. L. (2015). An investigation of positive and negative contact as predictors of intergroup attitudes in the United States, Hong Kong, and Thailand. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 46(3), 454-468. https:// doi.org/10.1177/0022022115570313
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Political Science (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Mahmut Turan Ektiren 0000-0002-4756-4351

Publication Date June 30, 2024
Submission Date January 5, 2024
Acceptance Date February 23, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 11 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ektiren, M. T. (2024). An Investigation of Negative Attitudes Toward the Syrians Under Temporary Protection in Terms of Various Variables. Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty, 11(2), 741-757. https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1415194

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