Research Article
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Investigating the Perception of Internal Audit in Women's Cooperatives: The Case of Isparta Province

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 1612 - 1635, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1517637

Abstract

Today, women's cooperatives, whose numbers are increasing, are among the organizations whose establishments are supported in Turkey. The main subject of our study is to investigate the internal audit perceptions of the partners of women's cooperatives, which have encountered various problems in their operation after their establishment. The study covers women's cooperatives in Isparta center and its surroundings. In this regard, a qualitative research was conducted with women's cooperatives that agreed to participate in the study. Qualitative data obtained with the semi-structured interview form were analyzed with the MAXQDA 2020 program and code schemes were created and interpreted. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the concept and mechanisms of internal audit are not fully known and are not carried out effectively. In addition, it has been concluded that the members do not have full information about the main organs of the cooperative, that cooperatives are generally reluctant to recruit partners, that organ activities generally remain on paper, that risk management is weak, and that there may be erroneous or fraudulent behavior in some cooperatives.

Ethical Statement

Ethics committee approval for the study was obtained from the Süleyman Demirel University Ethics Committee on January 10, 2024, with document number 144-34. The study has been crafted in adherence to the principles of research and publication ethics. The authors declare that there exists no financial conflict of interest involving any institution, organization, or individual(s) associated with the article. Furthermore, there are no conflicts of interest among the authors themselves. The authors declare that they all equally contributed to all processes of the research.

References

  • Acar, S. (2024). İç denetimin sürdürülebilirlik süreçlerindekirolü ve önemi: İşletmeler için stratejik yaklaşımlar. Denetişim, (31), 129-143. https://doi.org/10.58348/denetisim.1541389
  • Adams, M. B. (1994). Agency theory and the internal audit. Managerial Auditing Journal, 9(8), 8-12. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686909410071133
  • Adams, R. B., & Ferreira, D. (2009). Women in the boardroom and their impact on governance and performance. Journal of Financial Economics, 94(2), 291-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2008.10.007
  • Alic, M., & Rusjan, B. (2011). Managerial relevance of internal audit: Business benefits of using ISO 9000 internal audit as a managerial tool. The TQM Journal, 23(3), 284-300. https://doi.org/10.1108/17542731111124343
  • Ayayi, A. G. (2012). Credit risk assessment in the microfinance industry: An application to a selected group of Vietnamese microfinance institutions and an extension to East Asian and Pacific microfinance institutions 1. Economics of Transition, 20(1), 37-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0351.2011.00429.x
  • Baltacı, A. (2018). Nitel araştırmalarda örnekleme yöntemleri ve örnek hacmi sorunsalı üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 231-274.
  • BEBKA. (2024, May 17). Tr41 bölgesi havacılık sektörü raporu, dünü, bugünü ve geleceği 2016. https://bebka.org.tr/dokuman/tr41-bolgesi-havacilik-sektoru-raporu/
  • Bijman, J., Pyykkonen, P., & Ollila, P. (2014). Transnationalization of agricultural cooperatives in Europe. The Dovenschmidt Quarterly, (4), 168-178. https://doi.org/10.5553/DQ/221199812014002004005
  • Bubolz, M. M. (2001). Family as source, user, and builder of social capital. The Journal of socio-economics, 30(2), 129-131.
  • Byrnes, J. P., Miller, D. C., & Schafer, W. D. (1999). Gender differences in risk taking: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 125(3), 367-383. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-2909.125.3.367
  • Çelik, H., Baykal, N. B., & Memur, H. N. K. (2020). Nitel veri analizi ve temel ilkeleri. Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(1), 379-406. https://doi.org/10.14689/issn.2148-2624.1.8c.1s.16m
  • Charmaz, K. (2011). Grounded theory methods in social justice research. Strategies of qualitative inquiry. 4(1), 359-380.
  • Chigbu, U. E. (2019). Visually hypothesising in scientific paper writing: Confirming and refuting qualitative research hypotheses using diagrams. Publications, 7(1), (22). https://doi.org/10.3390/publications7010022
  • COSO (2024). Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. www.coso.org, (19.12.2024).
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications.
  • Duguid, F., Durutaş, G., & Wodzicki, M. (2015). The current state of women's co-operatives in Turkey. World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/931051485321696406/Türkiyede-kadın-kooperatiflerinin- mevcut-durumu
  • Erçin, F. (2002), Türk Hukuku’nda kooperatif tüzel kişiliğinin ayırıcı özellikleri. Der Yayınları.
  • Fairbairn, B. (1994). History from the ecological perspective: Gaia theory and the problem of cooperatives in turn-of-the-century Germany. The American Historical Review, 99(4), 1203-1239. https://doi.org/10.2307/2168774
  • Gök, A. G., & Öztürk, M. S. Türkiye’de kadın kooperatifleri üzerine çalışılan lisansüstü tezlerin bibliyometrik analizi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Dergisi, 8(1), 56-75. https://doi.org/10.31200/makuubd.1438482
  • Goodwin‐Stewart, J., & Kent, P. (2006). The use of internal audit by Australian companies. Managerial Auditing Journal, 21(1), 81-101. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900610634775
  • Guinnane, T. W. (2001). Cooperatives as information machines: German rural credit cooperatives, 1883-1914. The Journal of Economic History, 61(2), 366-389. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050701028042
  • Günbayi, I., & Sorm, S. (2018). Social paradigms in guiding social research design: The functional, interpretive, radical humanist and radical structural paradigms. Online Submission, 9(2), 57-76.
  • Gyapong, E., & Afrifa, G. A. (2021). National culture and women managers: Evidence from microfinance institutions around the world. Business & Society, 60(6), 1387-1430. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650319876101
  • İnan, İ. H. (2008). Türkiye’de tarımsal kooperatifçilik ve AB modeli. Ticaret Odası Yayınları.
  • Institute of Internal Auditors. (2013, September), Effective internal audit in the financial services sector, https://www.theiia.org/globalassets/documents/standards/leading-practices/effective-internal-audit- financial-uk.pdf
  • International Cooperative Alliance. (2023, December 17). International cooperative alliance. https://ica.coop/en/cooperatives/cooperative-identity
  • International Labour Organization (2022). Getting Skills Right Equipping Health Workers with the Right Skills
  • Skills Anticipation in the Health Workforce: Skills Anticipation in the Health Workforce. OECD Publishing.
  • Isern, J., Abrams, J., & Brown, M. (2007). Appraisal guide for microfinance institutions. Consultative Group to Assist the Poor. https://www.cgap.org/sites/default/files/CGAP-Technical-Guide-Appraisal-Guide-for- Microfinance-Institutions-Mar-2008.pdf
  • Jamaluddin, F., Saleh, N. M., Abdullah, A., Hassan, M. S., Hamzah, N., Jaffar, R., ... & Embong, Z. (2023). Cooperative governance and cooperative performance: a systematic literature review. SAGE Open, 13(3), 21582440231192944. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231192944
  • Kara, E. (2020). KOVİD-19 pandemisindeki dezavantajlı gruplar ve sosyal hizmet işgücünün işlevi. Türkiye Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 28-34.
  • Karataş, Z. (2015). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Manevi Temelli Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 62-80.
  • Korkmaz, U. (2007). Kamuda iç denetim. Bütçe Dünyası Dergisi, 2(25), 4-15.
  • Kümbetoğlu, B. (2017). Sosyolojide ve antropolojide niteliksel yöntem ve araştırma yöntemleri. Bağlam Yayıncılık.
  • Lazarus, S., Lazarus, R., Rajendran., A. (2021). The roles, challenges and benefits of internal auditing in organizations. International Journal of Accounting & Finance Review, 7(1), 103-122. https://doi.org/10.46281/ijafr.v7i1.1282
  • Mbeba, R. D. (2008). Basic financial management and ratio analysis for MFIs toolkit. Washington, 2(2), 8-28.
  • Niessen R. A. (2015). Sex matters: gender differences in the financial ındustry in responsible ınvestment banking: risk management frameworks, sustainable financial ınnovation and softlaw standards. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10311-2_29
  • Okello, S., Kirori, G. N., Ndiao, S. O. (2019). Financial performance of the banking sector in Kenya: the role of ınternal audit. Journal of Finance and Accounting, 3(1), 29-50.
  • Paudel, R. C., & Acharya, C. P. (2022). Cooperatives and economic growth in a developing country: The case of Nepal. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 93(3), 797-815.
  • Prinz, M. (2002). German rural cooperatives, Friedrich-Wilhelm Raiffeisen and the organization of trust, In 8th International Economic History Association Congress, Buenos Aires, 54, 1-28.
  • Saldana, J. (2019). Nitel araştırmacılar için kodlama el kitabı. Pegem Akademi.
  • Tashakkori, A., Teddlie, C. (2010). Putting the human back in human research methodology: The researcher in mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 4(4), 271-277. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689810382532
  • Tekin, H. H., & Tekin, H. (2006). Nitel araştırma yönteminin bir veri toplama tekniği olarak derinlemesine görüşme. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, 3(13), 101-116.
  • Ticaret Bakanlığı. (2015, May 17). G-20 Ülkelerinde Kooperatifçilik. https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/5d4c0f8d13b876180c773fd5/G20_kitapcik%2002.12.2015%20son%20son%20son.pdf
  • Tindall, L. (2009). Review of ınterpretative phenomenological analysis: theory, method and research review of the book ınterpretative phenomenological analysis: theory, method and research, by J. A. Smith, P. Flower & M. Larkin. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 6(4), 346-347. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780880903340091
  • Ültanır, M. S. (2019). Türkiye’de kooperatifçiliğin tarihsel seyri: Devlet inisiyatifi-kalkınma ideali [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi] Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü/Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Wilson, A. (2015). A guide to phenomenological research. Nursing Standard (2014+), 29(34), 38-43. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.29.34.38.e8821
  • Wilson, J. (2014). Essentials of business research: A guide to doing your research project. Sage Publication.

Investigating the Perception of Internal Audit in Women's Cooperatives: The Case of Isparta Province

Year 2024, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 1612 - 1635, 31.12.2024
https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1517637

Abstract

Today, women's cooperatives, whose numbers are increasing, are among the organizations whose establishments are supported in Turkey. The main subject of our study is to investigate the internal audit perceptions of the partners of women's cooperatives, which have encountered various problems in their operation after their establishment. The study covers women's cooperatives in Isparta center and its surroundings. In this regard, a qualitative research was conducted with women's cooperatives that agreed to participate in the study. Qualitative data obtained with the semi-structured interview form were analyzed with the MAXQDA 2020 program and code schemes were created and interpreted. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the concept and mechanisms of internal audit are not fully known and are not carried out effectively. In addition, it has been concluded that the members do not have full information about the main organs of the cooperative, that cooperatives are generally reluctant to recruit partners, that organ activities generally remain on paper, that risk management is weak, and that there may be erroneous or fraudulent behavior in some cooperatives.

References

  • Acar, S. (2024). İç denetimin sürdürülebilirlik süreçlerindekirolü ve önemi: İşletmeler için stratejik yaklaşımlar. Denetişim, (31), 129-143. https://doi.org/10.58348/denetisim.1541389
  • Adams, M. B. (1994). Agency theory and the internal audit. Managerial Auditing Journal, 9(8), 8-12. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686909410071133
  • Adams, R. B., & Ferreira, D. (2009). Women in the boardroom and their impact on governance and performance. Journal of Financial Economics, 94(2), 291-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2008.10.007
  • Alic, M., & Rusjan, B. (2011). Managerial relevance of internal audit: Business benefits of using ISO 9000 internal audit as a managerial tool. The TQM Journal, 23(3), 284-300. https://doi.org/10.1108/17542731111124343
  • Ayayi, A. G. (2012). Credit risk assessment in the microfinance industry: An application to a selected group of Vietnamese microfinance institutions and an extension to East Asian and Pacific microfinance institutions 1. Economics of Transition, 20(1), 37-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0351.2011.00429.x
  • Baltacı, A. (2018). Nitel araştırmalarda örnekleme yöntemleri ve örnek hacmi sorunsalı üzerine kavramsal bir inceleme. Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 7(1), 231-274.
  • BEBKA. (2024, May 17). Tr41 bölgesi havacılık sektörü raporu, dünü, bugünü ve geleceği 2016. https://bebka.org.tr/dokuman/tr41-bolgesi-havacilik-sektoru-raporu/
  • Bijman, J., Pyykkonen, P., & Ollila, P. (2014). Transnationalization of agricultural cooperatives in Europe. The Dovenschmidt Quarterly, (4), 168-178. https://doi.org/10.5553/DQ/221199812014002004005
  • Bubolz, M. M. (2001). Family as source, user, and builder of social capital. The Journal of socio-economics, 30(2), 129-131.
  • Byrnes, J. P., Miller, D. C., & Schafer, W. D. (1999). Gender differences in risk taking: A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 125(3), 367-383. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-2909.125.3.367
  • Çelik, H., Baykal, N. B., & Memur, H. N. K. (2020). Nitel veri analizi ve temel ilkeleri. Eğitimde Nitel Araştırmalar Dergisi, 8(1), 379-406. https://doi.org/10.14689/issn.2148-2624.1.8c.1s.16m
  • Charmaz, K. (2011). Grounded theory methods in social justice research. Strategies of qualitative inquiry. 4(1), 359-380.
  • Chigbu, U. E. (2019). Visually hypothesising in scientific paper writing: Confirming and refuting qualitative research hypotheses using diagrams. Publications, 7(1), (22). https://doi.org/10.3390/publications7010022
  • COSO (2024). Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. www.coso.org, (19.12.2024).
  • Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2016). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Sage publications.
  • Duguid, F., Durutaş, G., & Wodzicki, M. (2015). The current state of women's co-operatives in Turkey. World Bank. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/931051485321696406/Türkiyede-kadın-kooperatiflerinin- mevcut-durumu
  • Erçin, F. (2002), Türk Hukuku’nda kooperatif tüzel kişiliğinin ayırıcı özellikleri. Der Yayınları.
  • Fairbairn, B. (1994). History from the ecological perspective: Gaia theory and the problem of cooperatives in turn-of-the-century Germany. The American Historical Review, 99(4), 1203-1239. https://doi.org/10.2307/2168774
  • Gök, A. G., & Öztürk, M. S. Türkiye’de kadın kooperatifleri üzerine çalışılan lisansüstü tezlerin bibliyometrik analizi. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Uygulamalı Bilimler Dergisi, 8(1), 56-75. https://doi.org/10.31200/makuubd.1438482
  • Goodwin‐Stewart, J., & Kent, P. (2006). The use of internal audit by Australian companies. Managerial Auditing Journal, 21(1), 81-101. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900610634775
  • Guinnane, T. W. (2001). Cooperatives as information machines: German rural credit cooperatives, 1883-1914. The Journal of Economic History, 61(2), 366-389. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050701028042
  • Günbayi, I., & Sorm, S. (2018). Social paradigms in guiding social research design: The functional, interpretive, radical humanist and radical structural paradigms. Online Submission, 9(2), 57-76.
  • Gyapong, E., & Afrifa, G. A. (2021). National culture and women managers: Evidence from microfinance institutions around the world. Business & Society, 60(6), 1387-1430. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650319876101
  • İnan, İ. H. (2008). Türkiye’de tarımsal kooperatifçilik ve AB modeli. Ticaret Odası Yayınları.
  • Institute of Internal Auditors. (2013, September), Effective internal audit in the financial services sector, https://www.theiia.org/globalassets/documents/standards/leading-practices/effective-internal-audit- financial-uk.pdf
  • International Cooperative Alliance. (2023, December 17). International cooperative alliance. https://ica.coop/en/cooperatives/cooperative-identity
  • International Labour Organization (2022). Getting Skills Right Equipping Health Workers with the Right Skills
  • Skills Anticipation in the Health Workforce: Skills Anticipation in the Health Workforce. OECD Publishing.
  • Isern, J., Abrams, J., & Brown, M. (2007). Appraisal guide for microfinance institutions. Consultative Group to Assist the Poor. https://www.cgap.org/sites/default/files/CGAP-Technical-Guide-Appraisal-Guide-for- Microfinance-Institutions-Mar-2008.pdf
  • Jamaluddin, F., Saleh, N. M., Abdullah, A., Hassan, M. S., Hamzah, N., Jaffar, R., ... & Embong, Z. (2023). Cooperative governance and cooperative performance: a systematic literature review. SAGE Open, 13(3), 21582440231192944. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440231192944
  • Kara, E. (2020). KOVİD-19 pandemisindeki dezavantajlı gruplar ve sosyal hizmet işgücünün işlevi. Türkiye Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 28-34.
  • Karataş, Z. (2015). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri. Manevi Temelli Sosyal Hizmet Araştırmaları Dergisi, 1(1), 62-80.
  • Korkmaz, U. (2007). Kamuda iç denetim. Bütçe Dünyası Dergisi, 2(25), 4-15.
  • Kümbetoğlu, B. (2017). Sosyolojide ve antropolojide niteliksel yöntem ve araştırma yöntemleri. Bağlam Yayıncılık.
  • Lazarus, S., Lazarus, R., Rajendran., A. (2021). The roles, challenges and benefits of internal auditing in organizations. International Journal of Accounting & Finance Review, 7(1), 103-122. https://doi.org/10.46281/ijafr.v7i1.1282
  • Mbeba, R. D. (2008). Basic financial management and ratio analysis for MFIs toolkit. Washington, 2(2), 8-28.
  • Niessen R. A. (2015). Sex matters: gender differences in the financial ındustry in responsible ınvestment banking: risk management frameworks, sustainable financial ınnovation and softlaw standards. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-10311-2_29
  • Okello, S., Kirori, G. N., Ndiao, S. O. (2019). Financial performance of the banking sector in Kenya: the role of ınternal audit. Journal of Finance and Accounting, 3(1), 29-50.
  • Paudel, R. C., & Acharya, C. P. (2022). Cooperatives and economic growth in a developing country: The case of Nepal. Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, 93(3), 797-815.
  • Prinz, M. (2002). German rural cooperatives, Friedrich-Wilhelm Raiffeisen and the organization of trust, In 8th International Economic History Association Congress, Buenos Aires, 54, 1-28.
  • Saldana, J. (2019). Nitel araştırmacılar için kodlama el kitabı. Pegem Akademi.
  • Tashakkori, A., Teddlie, C. (2010). Putting the human back in human research methodology: The researcher in mixed methods research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 4(4), 271-277. https://doi.org/10.1177/1558689810382532
  • Tekin, H. H., & Tekin, H. (2006). Nitel araştırma yönteminin bir veri toplama tekniği olarak derinlemesine görüşme. İstanbul University Journal of Sociology, 3(13), 101-116.
  • Ticaret Bakanlığı. (2015, May 17). G-20 Ülkelerinde Kooperatifçilik. https://ticaret.gov.tr/data/5d4c0f8d13b876180c773fd5/G20_kitapcik%2002.12.2015%20son%20son%20son.pdf
  • Tindall, L. (2009). Review of ınterpretative phenomenological analysis: theory, method and research review of the book ınterpretative phenomenological analysis: theory, method and research, by J. A. Smith, P. Flower & M. Larkin. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 6(4), 346-347. https://doi.org/10.1080/14780880903340091
  • Ültanır, M. S. (2019). Türkiye’de kooperatifçiliğin tarihsel seyri: Devlet inisiyatifi-kalkınma ideali [Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi] Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü/Hacettepe Üniversitesi.
  • Wilson, A. (2015). A guide to phenomenological research. Nursing Standard (2014+), 29(34), 38-43. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.29.34.38.e8821
  • Wilson, J. (2014). Essentials of business research: A guide to doing your research project. Sage Publication.
There are 48 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Auditing and Accountability
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Ayşe Gül Gök 0000-0003-3263-1213

Mahmut Sami Öztürk 0000-0002-7657-3150

Publication Date December 31, 2024
Submission Date July 17, 2024
Acceptance Date December 20, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 11 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Gök, A. G., & Öztürk, M. S. (2024). Investigating the Perception of Internal Audit in Women’s Cooperatives: The Case of Isparta Province. Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Economics and Administrative Sciences Faculty, 11(4), 1612-1635. https://doi.org/10.30798/makuiibf.1517637

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