COVID-19 Pandemisi Sonrasında Futbolda Değişen Oyuncu Değişikliği Kuralının Takım Performansına Etkileri Üzerine Bir İnceleme

Öz

Bu çalışma, COVID-19 pandemisini takiben profesyonel futbol liglerinde uygulamaya konan güncellenmiş beş oyuncu değişikliği kuralının, dört büyük Avrupa ligi olan İngiltere Premier Ligi (EPL), Bundesliga, Serie A ve La Liga'daki takım performansları üzerindeki etkilerini incelemektedir. Küresel bir öneme sahip olan futbol, pandemi sürecinde ciddi kesintilere maruz kalmış; bu durum, oyuncu yönetimi ve maç taktikleri konusunda yeni stratejilerin geliştirilmesine yol açmıştır. Sıkışık maç takvimlerinde oyuncu yorgunluğunu ve sakatlık risklerini azaltmak amacıyla uygulamaya konan beş oyuncu değişikliği kuralı, antrenörler için merkezi bir taktiksel araç haline gelmiştir. Bu araştırma, 2019/2020 sezonuna ait maç verilerini kullanarak, pandemi öncesi ve sonrası dönemdeki takım performanslarını; oyuncu değişikliği kullanım paternlerini ve bu paternlerin lig sıralamalarındaki ve Avrupa kupalarına katılımdaki değişimlerle olan korelasyonlarını inceleyerek karşılaştırmaktadır. Araştırma sonuçları, ligdeki sıralamasını koruyan veya yükselten takımlar ile sıralamada gerileyen takımlar arasında oyuncu değişikliği stratejileri açısından anlamlı farklılıklar olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Örneğin İngiltere Premier Ligi'nde (EPL), sıralamadaki yerini koruyan takımlar maçların %42,4'ünde beş oyuncu değişikliği hakkının tamamını kullanırken, sıralamada düşüş yaşayan takımlarda bu oranın sadece %11,1 olduğu görülmüştür. Bundesliga ve Serie A'da da benzer eğilimler gözlemlenmiş olup, bu durum rekabetin yoğun olduğu ortamlarda oyuncu değişikliği stratejilerinin önemini vurgulamaktadır. Bu çalışma, antrenörler ve spor bilimcileri için değerli içgörüler sunmakta; benzeri görülmemiş oyun dönemlerinde takım performansını optimize etmede etkili bir oyuncu değişikliği yönetiminin ne denli kritik bir rol oynadığını göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Futbolda Performans
• Oyuncu Değişikliği Stratejileri
• Futbolda Taktik

An Examination of the Impact of the Updated Substitution Rule on Team Performance in Football After the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of the updated five-substitution rule in professional football leagues following the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on its effects on team performance across four major European leagues: the English Premier League (EPL), Bundesliga, Serie A, and La Liga. Football, a sport with global significance, experienced substantial disruptions during the pandemic, leading to new strategies for player management and game tactics. The five-substitution rule, introduced to mitigate player fatigue and injury risks during congested match schedules, became a pivotal tactical tool for coaches. Using match data from the 2019/2020 season, this research compares team performance before and after the pandemic by examining substitution patterns and their correlations with changes in league rankings and European competition participation. The results reveal significant differences in substitution strategies between teams that maintained or improved their rankings and those that declined. In the EPL, for instance, teams that retained their standings utilized all five substitutions in 42.4% of matches, while teams that dropped in rankings used the full allowance in only 11.1%. Similar trends were observed in the Bundesliga and Serie A, highlighting the importance of substitution strategies in competitive contexts. This study offers valuable insights for coaches and sports scientists, demonstrating the critical role of effective substitution management in optimizing team performance during unprecedented periods of play.

Keywords

• Football Tactics
• Team Performance
• Substitution strategies

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