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ÖZEL SEKTÖR YURTDIŞI BORÇLANMASININ REEL SEKTÖR VE İHRACATA ETKİSİ

Year 2017, Volume: 9 Issue: 19, 22 - 41, 30.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.20875/makusobed.301636

Abstract

2001 yılı
sonrası Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’nde uygulanan düşük faiz politikası ve 2008
dünya finansal krizinin ardından çok sayıda batılı ülkenin uyguladığı
genişletici para politikaları, birçok gelişmekte olan ülkenin finansman
olanaklarını arttırmıştır. Türkiye’de, özel sektör yurt dışı borçlanması
yoluyla gelen döviz miktarı Türk parasının değerini arttırmış ve halkın görece
zenginleşmesini sağlamıştır. Türkiye’de 2001 krizinin ardından, güçlü ekonomiye
geçiş programının da etkisiyle, özel sektör tarafından ülkeye getirilen
finansal olanakların, üretimi arttırmak amaçlı kullandığı bir büyüme süreci
gerçekleşmiştir. Bu çalışmada, özel sektörün yurt dışından borçlanması
neticesinde ülkeye giren dövizin, bir iletim kanalı olarak sermaye malı
ithalatına, işgücü verimliliğine ve ihracata etkisi araştırılmıştır. Tüm
değişkenler I(1) düzeyinde durağan olduğundan öncelikle eşbütünleşme ilişkisi
incelenmiştir. VAR analizi değişkenler arasında eşbütünleşme ilişkisi olduğu
sonucunu vermiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre uzun dönemde sermaye malı
ithalatının verimlilik üzerinde pozitif etkisi varken, ihracat üzerinde negatif
etkisi vardır.

References

  • Aghion, Philippe-Howitt, Peter (1992), A Model of Growth Through Creative Destruction, Econometrica, 60(2), 323-351.
  • Akdi, Yılmaz-Özcan, Kıvılcım Metin-Yalçın, Yeliz (2003). “Robustness of Unit Root Tests When The Series Are I (2)”. METU Studies in Development, 30(1), 19.
  • Akdiş, Cezmi A. (2003), “Türkiye’de ve Dünyada Bilimin Organizasyonu ve Finansmanı: Farklar Ve Sorunlar”, Cumhuriyet Bilim Teknik Sayı: 869.
  • Amiti, Mary-Konings, Jozef (2007), “Trade Liberalization, Intermediate Inputs, and Productivity: Evidence from Indonesia, American Economic Review, 97(5), 1611–1638.
  • Amsden, Alice Hoffenberg (1989), Asia’s Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrializadon, New York: Oxford University Press, Coe Vd. (1997),
  • Awokuse, Titus O. (2008), “Trade Openness And Economic Growth: Is Growth Export-Led Or Import-Led?”, Applied Economics, 40(2), 161-73.
  • Barro, Robert J. (1990), “Goverment Spending in A Simple Model Of Endogenous Growth”, The Journal Of Political Economy, 98(5), 103-125.
  • Bozkurt, Hilal (2007), Zaman Serileri Analizi, Bursa, Ekin Kitabevi.
  • Caselli, Francesco-Wilson Daniel J. (2004), “Importing Technology”, Journal of Monetary Economics, 51, 1–32.
  • Coe, David T.-Helpman, Elhanan-Hoffmaister Alexander W. (1997), “North-South R&D Spillovers”, The Economic Journal, 107(440), January, 134-149.
  • Dickey, David A.-Fuller, Wayne A. (1979), “Distribution of The Estimators For Autoregressive Time Series With A Unit Root”, Journal of The American Statistical Association, 74(366a), 427-431.
  • Dikmen, Nedim (2012), Ekonomtri Temel Kavramlar ve Uygulamalar. Dora Yayınları, 2. Baskı, Bursa.
  • Engle, Robert F.-Granger, Clive. W. J. (1987), “Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing”, Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 251-276.
  • Erzan, Refik-Filiztekin, Alpay (1997), “Competitiveness of Turkish Smes in the Customs Union”, European Economic Review, 41(3), 881-892.
  • Esfahani, Hadi Salehi (1991), “Exports, Imports and Economic Growth in Semi-Industrialized Countries”, Journal of Development Economics, 35, 93-116.
  • Giles, Judith A.-Williams Cara L. (2000), “Export-Led Growth: A Survey of the Empirical Literature And Some Noncausality Results Part 1”, Econometrics Working Paper EWP0001, http://web.uvic.ca/econ/ research/papers/ewp0002.pdf (20.02.2017).
  • Goldberg, Pinelopi Koujianou-Khandelwal Amit Kumar-Pavcnik Nina-Topalova Petia (2008), “Imported Intermediate Inputs and Domestic Product Growth: Evidence from India”, NBER Working Paper, No: 14416.
  • İşcan, İsmail Hakkı (2012), “Sermaye Malı Ithalatının İşgücü Verimliliğine Etkisi: Panel Veri Analizi/the Effect of Imports of Capital Goods on Labor Productivity”, Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(2).
  • Jin, Jang C. (2010), “Opennessn and Growth: An Interpretation of Empirical Evidence from East Asian Countries”, the Journal of International Trade & Economic Development: An International and Comparative Review, 9(1), 5-17.
  • Johansen, Søren. (1988), “Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors”, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2-3), 231-254.
  • Johansen, Søren (1995), “Identifying Restrictions of Linear Equations with Applications to Simultaneous Equations and Cointegration”, Journal of Econometrics, 69(1), 111-132.
  • Jones Charles I. (2009), “Intermediate Goods and Weak Links in the Theory of Economic Development”, American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 3(2), 1–28.
  • Juselius, Katarina (1999), “Models and Relations in Economics and Econometrics”, Journal of Economic Methodology, 6(2), 259-290.
  • Kenar, Necdet (2005), “Büyüme, İstihdam, Verimlilik”, MEV: Yaşam Boyu Öğrenme Merkezi, Kasım http://www.messegitim.com.tr/ti/580/0/BUYUME,-ISTIHDAM-VE-VERIMLILIK (03.02.2017).
  • Kim, Sangho-Lim, Hyunjoon-Park, Donghyun (2009), “The Effect of Imports, Exports On Total Factor Productivity in Korea”, Research Institute of Economy, Trade & Industry (RIETI) Discussion Paper Series, 07-E-022.
  • Korkmaz, Esfender (2005), Ekonomide Riskler: Kur Riski, Rota Matbaacılık, İstanbul
  • Kurt, Serdar-Terzi, Harun (2007), “İmalat Sanayi Dış Ticareti, Verimlilik ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 21(1), 25-46.
  • Kwiatkowski, Denis-Phillips, Peter C.B.-Schmidt, Peter-Shin, Yongcheol (1992), “Testing The Null Of Stationarity Against The Alternative Of A Unit Root: How Sure Are Wet Economic Time Series Have A Unit Root?”, Journal Of Econometrics, (54), 159–178.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z.-Weinstein David E. (1999), “Trade and Growth: Import-Led Or Export-Led? Evidence from Japan and Korea”, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Working Paper No: 7264.
  • Lucas, Robert E. (1988), “On the Mechanics of Economic Development”, Journal of Monetary Economics, 22, 3-42.
  • Phillips, Peter C.B.-Perron, Pierre (1988), “Testing For A Unit Root in Time Series Regressions”, Biometrica (75), 335–346.
  • Romer, Paul M. (1986), “Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth”, The Journal Of Political Economy, 95(5), 1002-1037.
  • Saygılı, Şeref-Cihan, Cengiz-Yurtoğlu, Hasan (2005), “Türkiye Ekonomisinde Sermaye Birikimi, Verimlilik ve Büyüme (1972-2003)”, TÜSİAD Büyüme Stratejileri Dizisi, No: 6, Yayın No:2005-12/413, Ankara.
  • Sevüktekin, Mustafa-Nargeleçekenler, Mehmet (2010), Ekonometrik Zaman Serileri Analizi Eviews Uygulamalı, Nobel Yayınları, 3. Baskı, Ankara
  • Solow, Robert M. (1956), “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth”, the Quarterly Journal Of Economics, 70(1), 65-94.
  • Sönmez, Mustafa (2005), Türkiye’nin Dış Ticaretinin Sektörel Analizi: 2000 – 2004, Ege Bölgesi Sanayi Odası Yayını.
  • Susam, Nazan-Bakkal, Ufuk (2008), “Kriz Süreci Makro Değişkenleri ve 2009 Bütçe Büyüklüklerini Nasıl Etkileyecek”, Maliye Dergisi, 155, 72-88.
  • Swan, Trevor W. (1956), “Economic Growth and Capital Accumulation”, Economic Record 32, (63), 334–361.
  • Tarı, Recep (2011), Ekonometri, Umuttepe Yayınları, 7.Basım, Kocaeli.
  • Taymaz, Erol-Suiçmez, Halit (2005), Türkiye'de Verimlilik, Büyüme ve Kriz, Milli Prodüktivite Merkezi.
  • Türkan Ercan (2006), “Üretimde Üretimin Ithalat Ve İhracat Bağımlılığı”, TCMB Working Papers, http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/ae00aa0a-c28c-4040-93fb-1579dbe22952/UretimdeDisTicaretBagimliligi.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=ae00aa0a-c28c-4040-93fb-1579dbe22952, (02.01.2017).
  • Warwick, Ken (2013), “Beyond Industrial Policy: Emerging Issues and New Trends”, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers, No. 2, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k4869clw0xp-en, (25.02.2017).
  • Yeldan, Erinç (2008), “Bu Krizden Sonra Savaş Gelebilir”, Milliyet Gazetesi, 6 Ekim 2008
Year 2017, Volume: 9 Issue: 19, 22 - 41, 30.06.2017
https://doi.org/10.20875/makusobed.301636

Abstract

References

  • Aghion, Philippe-Howitt, Peter (1992), A Model of Growth Through Creative Destruction, Econometrica, 60(2), 323-351.
  • Akdi, Yılmaz-Özcan, Kıvılcım Metin-Yalçın, Yeliz (2003). “Robustness of Unit Root Tests When The Series Are I (2)”. METU Studies in Development, 30(1), 19.
  • Akdiş, Cezmi A. (2003), “Türkiye’de ve Dünyada Bilimin Organizasyonu ve Finansmanı: Farklar Ve Sorunlar”, Cumhuriyet Bilim Teknik Sayı: 869.
  • Amiti, Mary-Konings, Jozef (2007), “Trade Liberalization, Intermediate Inputs, and Productivity: Evidence from Indonesia, American Economic Review, 97(5), 1611–1638.
  • Amsden, Alice Hoffenberg (1989), Asia’s Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrializadon, New York: Oxford University Press, Coe Vd. (1997),
  • Awokuse, Titus O. (2008), “Trade Openness And Economic Growth: Is Growth Export-Led Or Import-Led?”, Applied Economics, 40(2), 161-73.
  • Barro, Robert J. (1990), “Goverment Spending in A Simple Model Of Endogenous Growth”, The Journal Of Political Economy, 98(5), 103-125.
  • Bozkurt, Hilal (2007), Zaman Serileri Analizi, Bursa, Ekin Kitabevi.
  • Caselli, Francesco-Wilson Daniel J. (2004), “Importing Technology”, Journal of Monetary Economics, 51, 1–32.
  • Coe, David T.-Helpman, Elhanan-Hoffmaister Alexander W. (1997), “North-South R&D Spillovers”, The Economic Journal, 107(440), January, 134-149.
  • Dickey, David A.-Fuller, Wayne A. (1979), “Distribution of The Estimators For Autoregressive Time Series With A Unit Root”, Journal of The American Statistical Association, 74(366a), 427-431.
  • Dikmen, Nedim (2012), Ekonomtri Temel Kavramlar ve Uygulamalar. Dora Yayınları, 2. Baskı, Bursa.
  • Engle, Robert F.-Granger, Clive. W. J. (1987), “Co-Integration and Error Correction: Representation, Estimation, and Testing”, Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 251-276.
  • Erzan, Refik-Filiztekin, Alpay (1997), “Competitiveness of Turkish Smes in the Customs Union”, European Economic Review, 41(3), 881-892.
  • Esfahani, Hadi Salehi (1991), “Exports, Imports and Economic Growth in Semi-Industrialized Countries”, Journal of Development Economics, 35, 93-116.
  • Giles, Judith A.-Williams Cara L. (2000), “Export-Led Growth: A Survey of the Empirical Literature And Some Noncausality Results Part 1”, Econometrics Working Paper EWP0001, http://web.uvic.ca/econ/ research/papers/ewp0002.pdf (20.02.2017).
  • Goldberg, Pinelopi Koujianou-Khandelwal Amit Kumar-Pavcnik Nina-Topalova Petia (2008), “Imported Intermediate Inputs and Domestic Product Growth: Evidence from India”, NBER Working Paper, No: 14416.
  • İşcan, İsmail Hakkı (2012), “Sermaye Malı Ithalatının İşgücü Verimliliğine Etkisi: Panel Veri Analizi/the Effect of Imports of Capital Goods on Labor Productivity”, Atatürk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 16(2).
  • Jin, Jang C. (2010), “Opennessn and Growth: An Interpretation of Empirical Evidence from East Asian Countries”, the Journal of International Trade & Economic Development: An International and Comparative Review, 9(1), 5-17.
  • Johansen, Søren. (1988), “Statistical Analysis of Cointegration Vectors”, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, 12(2-3), 231-254.
  • Johansen, Søren (1995), “Identifying Restrictions of Linear Equations with Applications to Simultaneous Equations and Cointegration”, Journal of Econometrics, 69(1), 111-132.
  • Jones Charles I. (2009), “Intermediate Goods and Weak Links in the Theory of Economic Development”, American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics, 3(2), 1–28.
  • Juselius, Katarina (1999), “Models and Relations in Economics and Econometrics”, Journal of Economic Methodology, 6(2), 259-290.
  • Kenar, Necdet (2005), “Büyüme, İstihdam, Verimlilik”, MEV: Yaşam Boyu Öğrenme Merkezi, Kasım http://www.messegitim.com.tr/ti/580/0/BUYUME,-ISTIHDAM-VE-VERIMLILIK (03.02.2017).
  • Kim, Sangho-Lim, Hyunjoon-Park, Donghyun (2009), “The Effect of Imports, Exports On Total Factor Productivity in Korea”, Research Institute of Economy, Trade & Industry (RIETI) Discussion Paper Series, 07-E-022.
  • Korkmaz, Esfender (2005), Ekonomide Riskler: Kur Riski, Rota Matbaacılık, İstanbul
  • Kurt, Serdar-Terzi, Harun (2007), “İmalat Sanayi Dış Ticareti, Verimlilik ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi”, Atatürk Üniversitesi İktisadi Ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 21(1), 25-46.
  • Kwiatkowski, Denis-Phillips, Peter C.B.-Schmidt, Peter-Shin, Yongcheol (1992), “Testing The Null Of Stationarity Against The Alternative Of A Unit Root: How Sure Are Wet Economic Time Series Have A Unit Root?”, Journal Of Econometrics, (54), 159–178.
  • Lawrence, Robert Z.-Weinstein David E. (1999), “Trade and Growth: Import-Led Or Export-Led? Evidence from Japan and Korea”, National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), Working Paper No: 7264.
  • Lucas, Robert E. (1988), “On the Mechanics of Economic Development”, Journal of Monetary Economics, 22, 3-42.
  • Phillips, Peter C.B.-Perron, Pierre (1988), “Testing For A Unit Root in Time Series Regressions”, Biometrica (75), 335–346.
  • Romer, Paul M. (1986), “Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth”, The Journal Of Political Economy, 95(5), 1002-1037.
  • Saygılı, Şeref-Cihan, Cengiz-Yurtoğlu, Hasan (2005), “Türkiye Ekonomisinde Sermaye Birikimi, Verimlilik ve Büyüme (1972-2003)”, TÜSİAD Büyüme Stratejileri Dizisi, No: 6, Yayın No:2005-12/413, Ankara.
  • Sevüktekin, Mustafa-Nargeleçekenler, Mehmet (2010), Ekonometrik Zaman Serileri Analizi Eviews Uygulamalı, Nobel Yayınları, 3. Baskı, Ankara
  • Solow, Robert M. (1956), “A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth”, the Quarterly Journal Of Economics, 70(1), 65-94.
  • Sönmez, Mustafa (2005), Türkiye’nin Dış Ticaretinin Sektörel Analizi: 2000 – 2004, Ege Bölgesi Sanayi Odası Yayını.
  • Susam, Nazan-Bakkal, Ufuk (2008), “Kriz Süreci Makro Değişkenleri ve 2009 Bütçe Büyüklüklerini Nasıl Etkileyecek”, Maliye Dergisi, 155, 72-88.
  • Swan, Trevor W. (1956), “Economic Growth and Capital Accumulation”, Economic Record 32, (63), 334–361.
  • Tarı, Recep (2011), Ekonometri, Umuttepe Yayınları, 7.Basım, Kocaeli.
  • Taymaz, Erol-Suiçmez, Halit (2005), Türkiye'de Verimlilik, Büyüme ve Kriz, Milli Prodüktivite Merkezi.
  • Türkan Ercan (2006), “Üretimde Üretimin Ithalat Ve İhracat Bağımlılığı”, TCMB Working Papers, http://www.tcmb.gov.tr/wps/wcm/connect/ae00aa0a-c28c-4040-93fb-1579dbe22952/UretimdeDisTicaretBagimliligi.pdf?MOD=AJPERES&CACHEID=ae00aa0a-c28c-4040-93fb-1579dbe22952, (02.01.2017).
  • Warwick, Ken (2013), “Beyond Industrial Policy: Emerging Issues and New Trends”, OECD Science, Technology and Industry Policy Papers, No. 2, OECD Publishing, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/5k4869clw0xp-en, (25.02.2017).
  • Yeldan, Erinç (2008), “Bu Krizden Sonra Savaş Gelebilir”, Milliyet Gazetesi, 6 Ekim 2008
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Engin Dücan

Publication Date June 30, 2017
Submission Date March 28, 2017
Acceptance Date April 27, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2017 Volume: 9 Issue: 19

Cite

APA Dücan, E. (2017). ÖZEL SEKTÖR YURTDIŞI BORÇLANMASININ REEL SEKTÖR VE İHRACATA ETKİSİ. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Social Sciences Institute, 9(19), 22-41. https://doi.org/10.20875/makusobed.301636