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GÖÇMEN GİRİŞİMCİLİK BAĞLAMINDA SURİYELİ GÖÇMENLERİN HATAY İLİNE OLAN EKONOMİK KATKILARI - ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTIONS OF SYRIAN IMMIGRANTS TO THE HATAY PROVINCE IN THE CONTEXT OF IMMIGRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP

Year 2018, Volume: 10 Issue: 26, 897 - 909, 30.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.20875/makusobed.477418

Abstract

Girişimcilere, ne oldukları ve ne yaptıkları hakkında farklı isimler ve terimler verilmektedir. Bu anlamda girişimcilere ilişkin verilen farklı isimlerden biri de göçmen girişimcidir. Göç ile ilişkili olan göçmen girişimci kavramı bir ülkede bulunan göçmen tüm gruplar tarafından icra edilen girişimcilik faaliyetleri olarak ifade edilmektedir. 2011 yılında Suriye’de yaşanmaya başlayan iç karışıklıkla birlikte Türkiye’ye 3,5 milyonu aşkın mültecinin göç etmesi göçmen girişimcilik kavramının Türkiye’de de popüler olmaya başlamasına neden olmuştur. Türkiye’de Suriyeli göçmenlerin en yoğun olarak yaşadığı bölgelerden biri ise Hatay ilidir. Bu göçmenlerin bir kısmı geçimlerini sağlamak için çeşitli sektörlerde girişimcilik faaliyetinde bulunmaktadır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada ilk olarak Suriyeli göçmen girişimcilerle girişimci olmayanlar arasındaki temel farklılıklar ele alınmıştır. Ardından ise Suriyeli göçmen girişimcilerin Hatay ekonomisine yapmış olduğu ekonomik katkı göçmen girişimcilerin bölgede yapmış olduğu yatırım miktarı ve yerli halka sağlamış oldukları istihdam açısından logit modeliyle incelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre Suriyeli göçmen girişimcilerin yatırım miktarı üzerinde göçmen girişimcinin medeni durumunun, cinsiyetinin, anne/babasının iş tecrübesinin ve cirosunun etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Yine göçmen girişimcilerin yerli halka sağlamış olduğu istihdam üzerinde ise göçmen girişimcinin medeni durumunun, yaşamının büyük bir bölümünü geçirdiği yerin, aile işletmesi olmasının, diğer Suriyeli göçmenlerle işbirliği yapmasının, Türkçe bilmesinin, toplam istihdam sayısının ve cirosunun etkili olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

References

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  • Longhi, S., Nijkamp, P. ve Poot, J. (2005). A Meta‐Analytic Assessment of the Effect of Immigration on Wages. Yournal of Economic Surveys, 19(3), 451-477.
  • Masurel, E., Nijkamp P., Tastan, M. ve Vindigni G. (2002). Motivations and Performance Conditions For Ethnic Entrepreneurship, Growth and Change, 33(2), 238- 260.
  • Mohapatra, S., Ratha, D. ve Scheja, E. (2010). Migration and Remittances Unit, World Bank, for the Civil Society Days of the Global Forum on Migration and Development. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/617151468332982240/pdf/WPS5558.pdf, Erişim 13 Eylül 2017.
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ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTIONS OF SYRIAN IMMIGRANTS TO THE HATAY PROVINCE IN THE CONTEXT OF IMMIGRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP - GÖÇMEN GİRİŞİMCİLİK BAĞLAMINDA SURİYELİ GÖÇMENLERİN HATAY İLİNE OLAN EKONOMİK KATKILARI

Year 2018, Volume: 10 Issue: 26, 897 - 909, 30.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.20875/makusobed.477418

Abstract

Entrepreneurs are given different names and terms about what they are and what they do. In this sense, one of the different names given to entrepreneurs is an immigrant entrepreneur. The concept of immigrant entrepreneur associated with immigration is expressed as entrepreneurship activities carried out by all groups of immigrants in a country. More than 3.5 million refugees immigrate from Syria to Turkey together with internal disturbance which started in 2011, immigrant entrepreneurship concept in Turkey has also been due to start to be popular. One of the regions where the most intense of Syrian immigrants is the Hatay province in Turkey. In this context, firstly, the main differences between Syrian migrant entrepreneurs and non-entrepreneurs are discussed. Then the economic contribution of the Syrian immigrant entrepreneurs to the economy of Hatay was examined with the logit model in terms of the amount of investment made by immigrant entrepreneurs in the region and the employment they provided to the indigenous people. According to the findings, it was found that the marital status, gender, mother/father work experience and turnover of the entrepreneur embedding on the investment amount of Syrian immigrant entrepreneurs were effective. Furthermore, It was concluded that the entrepreneur's marital status, the place where he spent most of his life, being family business, cooperating with other Syrian immigrants, speaking Turkish, the total number of employment and the turnover were effective on employment that immigrant entrepreneurs have provided indigenous.

References

  • Adams, R.H. (2005). Remittances, Household Expenditure and Investment in Guatemala, Policy Research Working Paper Series, No. 3532, The World Bank. 1-34.
  • Adams, R.H., Cuecueccha, A. ve Page, J. (2008). Remittances, Consumption and Investment in Ghana, Policy Research Working Paper, No. 4515, World Bank.
  • Adams, W.M. (2006). The Future of Sustainability: Re-Thinking Environment and Development in the Twenty-First Century.
  • Afewerki, S. (2015). Immigrant Entrepreneurship Towards the Realization of Immigrants’ Entrepreneurial Performance and Success in Norway. Master’s Thesis In Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Society, Norwegian University of Science and Technology Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology Management, Trondheim.
  • Aggrawal, R., Kunt, A.D. ve Peria, S.M. (2006). Do Remittances Promote Financial Development?, Journal of Developmant Economics, 1-10.
  • Aktaş, T.M. (2015). Ücret Odaklı Uluslararası İşgücü Hareketliliğinin İşgücü Piyasalarına Etkileri, Tesam Akademi Dergisi, 2(2), 197-219.
  • Anyanwu, J.C. ve Erhijakpor, E.O. (2010). Do Remittances Affect Poverty in Africa?, African Development Review, 22(1), 51-91.
  • Barham, B. ve Boucher,S. (1998). Migration, Remittances, and Inequality: Estimating the Net Effects of Migration on Income Distribution, Journal of Development Economics, 55(2), 307-331.
  • Baycan-Levent, T. ve Nijcamp, P. (2009). Characteristics of Migrant Entrepreneurs in Europe. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 21(4), 375-397.
  • Beine, M., Docquier, F. ve Schiff, M. (2009). International Migration, Transfers of Norms, and Home Country Fertility, Policy Research Working Paper, No. 4925, The World Bank.
  • Bugamelli, M. ve Paterno, F. (2006). Workers’ Remittances and Current Account Reversals, Bank of Italy Economic Research Paper, No. 573, Bank of Italy, 3-63.
  • Carling, J. (2005) Migrant remittances and Development Cooperation, PRIO Report 1/2005, Oslo, 1-80.
  • Chami, R., Fullenkamp, C. ve Jahjah, S. (2003). Are Immigrant Remittance Flows a Source of Capital for Development, IMF Working Paper Series, WP/03/189, IMF, 3-41.
  • Commander, S., Kangasniemi, M. ve Winters, L.A. (2004). The Brain Drain: Curse or Boon? A Survey of the Literature, In Baldwin, R.E., Winters, L.A. (eds.) Challenges to Globalization: Analyzing the Economics, National Bureau of Economic Research, 235-278.
  • Cox Edwards, A. ve Ureta, M. (2003). International Migration, Remittances, and Schooling: Evidence from El Salvador, Journal of Development Economics, 72(2), 429-461.
  • CReAM, (2014). Centre for Research & Analysis of Migration, What do we know about migration?, Informing the debate, 1-29.
  • Çokluk, Ö., Şekercioğlu, G. ve Büyüköztürk, Ş. (2012). Sosyal Bilimler İçin Çok Değişkenli İstatistik SPSS ve LISREL Uygulamaları, Pegem Akademi, Ankara.
  • D’amuri, F. ve Peri, G. (2014). Immıgratıon, Jobs, And Employment Protectıon: Evıdence From Europe Before And Durıng The Great Recessıon. Journal Of The European Economic Association, 12(2), 432–464.
  • Daşdemir, E.N. (2017). Göçün Piyasalara Etkisi ve Faktör Hareketliliğini Açıklama Gücü: Emek Piyasalarının Küreselleşmesi ve Maliyetleri, Gazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi 19(2), 742-766.
  • Docquier, F., Marchiori, L. ve Shen, L. (2010). Brain Drain in Globalization: A General Equilibrium Analysis From the Sending Countries’ Perspective, CEPR Discussion Paper, No. 7682, 1-45.
  • Drucker, P. 1985. The Discipline of Innovation, Harvard Business Review, 67-72.
  • Dustmann, C., Fadlon, I. ve Weiss, Y. (2009). Return Migration, Human Capital Accumulation and the Brain Drain, 1-40.
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  • Fornaro, P. (2018). Immigrant Entrepreneurship in Finland. The Research Institute of the Finnish Economy. ETLA Report No 83.
  • Godley, A. (1994). Jewish Immigrants in London and New York: 1880-1914, The Journal of economic History, vol 54(2), 430-432.
  • Goldring, L. (2004). Family and Collective Remittances to Mexico: A Multi-Dimensional Typology, Developmnet and Change, 35(4), 799-840.
  • Gott, C. ve Johnson, K. (2002). The Migrant Population in The UK: Fiscal Effects, RDS Occasional Paper 77, Home Office, UK, 1-38.
  • Gupta, S., Pattillo, C. ve Wagh, S. (2007), Impact of Remittances on Poverty and Financial Development in Sub-Saharan Africa, IMF Working Paper, WP-07-38, IMF, 3-37.
  • https://multeciler.org.tr/turkiyedeki-suriyeli-sayisi, Erişim 25 Ekim 2018.
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  • İç İşleri Bakanlığı Göç İdaresi Genel Müdürlüğü, (2015), Göç Tasarım El Kitabı. Erişim 4 Eylül 2017, http://www.goc.gov.tr/files/files/goc_tasar%C4%B1m_icler.pdf.
  • Kalaycı, Ş. (2010), SPSS Uygulamalı Çok Değişkenli İstatistik Teknikleri, Asil Yayın Dağıtım, Ankara.
  • Kayalar, M. ve Yıldız, Ş. (2017). Uluslararası göç Sonrası Ortaya Çıkan Girişimcilik Türleri, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(1), 56-62.
  • Koçak, Y. ve Terzi, E. (2012). Türkiye’de Göç Olgusu, Göç Edenlerin Kentlere Olan Etkileri ve Çözüm Önerileri. Kafkas Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi. 3(3), 163-184.
  • Kumar, S.U. (2011). The Linkages between cognition, Behavior, Culture, and Opportunity Among High growth Asian American Immigrant Entrepreneursi Phoenix Universitesi, pHD Thesis, Miami.
  • Lewis, E. (2011). Immigration, Skill Mix, And Capital Skill Complementarity, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 126(2), 1029-1069.
  • Longhi, S., Nijkamp, P. ve Poot, J. (2005). A Meta‐Analytic Assessment of the Effect of Immigration on Wages. Yournal of Economic Surveys, 19(3), 451-477.
  • Masurel, E., Nijkamp P., Tastan, M. ve Vindigni G. (2002). Motivations and Performance Conditions For Ethnic Entrepreneurship, Growth and Change, 33(2), 238- 260.
  • Mohapatra, S., Ratha, D. ve Scheja, E. (2010). Migration and Remittances Unit, World Bank, for the Civil Society Days of the Global Forum on Migration and Development. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/617151468332982240/pdf/WPS5558.pdf, Erişim 13 Eylül 2017.
  • Mountford, D. (1997). Can a Brain Drain Be Good for Growth in the Source Country?, Journal of Development Economics, 53(2), 287-303.
  • Nişancı, Z. N. (2015). Göçmen Girişimcilik Üzerine Pittsburgh'daki Türk Girişimciler. Girişimcilik ve Kalkınma Dergisi, 10(1), 1-28.
  • OECD, (2010). Entrepreneurship and Migrants, Report by the OECD Working Party on SMEs and Entrepreneurship, OECD.
  • OECD, (2011). International Migration Outlook.
  • Orozco, M. ve Garcia-Zanello, E. (2009). Hometown Associations: Transnationalism, Philanthropy, and Development, Brown Journal of World Affairs, XV(II).
  • Ortega, F. ve Peri, G. (2009). The Causes and Effects of International Labor Mobility: Evidence from OECD Countries 1980-2005, Human Development Research Paper, No. 6, United Nations Development Program (UNDP), New York, 1-46.
  • Ottaviano, G.I.P., Peri, G. ve Wright, G.C. (2013). Immigration, Offshoring, and American Jobs, American Economic Review, 103(5), 1925-1959.
  • Özkul, G. (2013). Girişimsel Fırsat Tipleri Ve Belirleyici Unsurları: Firma Büyüme Performansı Ve Bölgesel Kalkınma Perspektifinde TR61 Bölgesi İmalat Sanayi Sektörü Üzerine Ampirik Bir Araştırma, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Tezi, Isparta.
  • Peri, G. ve Sparber, C. (2009). Task Specialization, Immigration, And Wages, American Economic Journal, Applied Economics, 135-169.
  • Ratha, D. (2010). Impact of Migration on Economic and Social Development: Review of Evidence and Emerging Issues, Kunda Datar Memorial Lecture, Gokhale Instıtute Of Polıtıcs And Economıcs, India, 1-19.
  • Rauhut, D. ve Rauhut Kompaniets, O. (2018). The Impact of Immigrant Entrepreneurship on Regional Development in Western Sweden. Romanian Journal of Regional Science. 12(1), 18-42.
  • Salant, P. ve Dillman, D.A. (1994). How To Conduct Your Own Survey, John Wiley &Sons, Newyork.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Gökhan Özkul 0000-0001-7545-8292

Sevdagül Dengiz This is me 0000-0003-0506-0275

Publication Date December 30, 2018
Submission Date November 1, 2018
Acceptance Date December 17, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 10 Issue: 26

Cite

APA Özkul, G., & Dengiz, S. (2018). GÖÇMEN GİRİŞİMCİLİK BAĞLAMINDA SURİYELİ GÖÇMENLERİN HATAY İLİNE OLAN EKONOMİK KATKILARI - ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTIONS OF SYRIAN IMMIGRANTS TO THE HATAY PROVINCE IN THE CONTEXT OF IMMIGRANT ENTREPRENEURSHIP. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 10(26), 897-909. https://doi.org/10.20875/makusobed.477418