Investigation of some surface properties of heat treated coconut wood

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 8 - 16, 30.06.2022

Ümit Ayata

https://doi.org/10.33725/mamad.1116999

Cited By: 4

Abstract

In this study, some surface properties [color (∆L*, ∆b*, ∆a*, L*, b*, a*, ∆C*, ∆E*, C* and h^o), glossiness (parallel (║) and perpendicular (⊥) to fibers at 20^o, 60^o and 85^o) and shore D hardness] that occur after heat treatment applied to coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) wood at 200^oC for 3 hours were investigated. In addition, the changes in the surfaces that occurred after the application of different numbered abrasives were also determined in the samples without heat treatment. According to the results of the research, it was determined that the shore D hardness value, gloss values parallel and perpendicular to the fibers at 20^o, 60^o and 85^o, L*, a*, b*, C* parameters decreased and the ho angle increased after the heat treatment. In addition; obtained as ∆H*: 13.87, ∆L*: -14.21, ∆b*: 18.40, ∆a*: -7.93, ∆C*: -14.45, and ∆E*: 24.57. In the surface roughness results, the Ra parameter values were found to be 8.498 µm, 7.429 µm, 6.600 µm, 5.332 µm, 4.188 µm, and 3.452 µm for the abrasives numbered 80, 100, 120, 150, 180 and 220, respectively. It was determined that the roughness parameters decreased with the increase of the sanding number.

Keywords

Cocos nucifera L., colour, glossiness, heat treatment, shore D hardness

Isıl işlem görmüş Hindistan cevizi odununda bazı yüzey özelliklerinin incelenmesi

Abstract

Bu çalışmada, Hindistan cevizi (Cocos nucifera L.) ahşabına uygulanmış olan 200^oC’de 3 saat süre ile yapılan ısıl işlem sonrasında meydana gelen bazı yüzey özellikleri [renk (∆L*, ∆b*, ∆a*, L*, b*, a*, ∆C*, ∆E*, C* ve h^o), parlaklık (20^o, 60^o ve 85^o’de liflere paralel (║) ve dik (⊥)) ve shore D sertlik] araştırılmıştır. Buna ek olarak, ısıl işlemsiz örneklerde de farklı numaralı zımparaların uygulanması sonrasında meydana gelen yüzeylerdeki değişiklikler de belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre, ısıl işlem sonrasında shore D sertlik değerinin, 20^o, 60^o ve 85^o’de liflere paralel ve dik parlaklık değerlerinin ile L*, a*, b*, C* parametrelerinin azaldığı ve ho açısının ise arttığı belirlenmiş, buna ek olarak; ∆H*: 13.87, ∆L*: -14.21, ∆b*: 18.40, ∆a*: -7.93, ∆C*: -14.45 ve ∆E*: 24.57 olarak elde edilmiştir. Yüzey pürüzlülüğü sonuçlarında ise Ra parametre değerleri 80, 100, 120, 150, 180 ve 220 numaralı zımparalarda sırası ile 8.498 µm, 7.429 µm, 6.600 µm, 5.332 µm, 4.188 µm ve 3.452 µm olarak bulunmuştur. Zımpara numarasının artması ile pürüzlülük parametrelerinin azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. 

Keywords

Hindistan cevizi, Cocos nucifera L., parlaklık, ısıl işlem, renk, shore D sertlik

References

• Anonim, (2007), Report on copra, National Multi-commodity Exchange of India Limited; 1-14.
• Anoop, E.V., Sheena, V.V., Aruna, P., Ajayghosh, V., (2012), Processing and utilization of coconut wood in Kerala, Journal of the Indian Academy of Wood Science, 8(2), 76-79. DOI: 10.1007/s13196-012-0044-9.
• ASTM D 2240, (2010), Standard test method for rubber property-durometer hardness, American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, Pennsylvania, United States.
• ASTM D 2244-3, (2007), Standard practice for calculation or color tolerances and color, differences from instrumentally measured color coordinates, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA.
• Ayata, Ü., (2020), Ayous odununun bazı teknolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve ısıl işlemden sonra renk ve parlaklık özellikleri, Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 3(1), 22-33. DOI: 10.33725/mamad.724596.
• Ayata, Ü., Bal, B.C., (2021a), 200oC’de ısıl işlem görmüş kırmızı karaağaç (Ulmus rubra) odununda bazı yüzey özelliklerinin ve shore D sertlik değerinin araştırılması, 5. Asya Pasifik Uluslararası Modern Bilimler Kongresi, 16-18 Temmuz 2021 Sydney, Avustralya, 258-270.
• Ayata, Ü., Bal, B.C., (2021b), Kopie, fukadi ve porsuk ağaç türlerinde renk, parlaklık ve shore D sertlik üzerine ısıl işlemin etkisi, Hoca Ahmet Yesevi, 5. Uluslararası Bilimsel Araştırmalar Kongresi, 5-6 Kasım 2021 Nahçıvan Devlet Üniversitesi, Azerbaycan, 166-180.
• Barański, J., Klement, I., Vilkovská, T., Konopka, A., (2017), High temperature drying process of beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.) with different zones of sapwood and red false heartwood. BioResources, 12(1), 1861-1870. DOI: 10.15376/biores.12.1.1861-1870.
• Bolelli, G., Bonferroni, B., Cannillo, V., Gadow, R., Killinger, A., Lusvarghi, L., Rauch, J., Stiegler, N., (2010), Wear behaviour of high velocity suspension flame sprayed (HVSFS) Al2O3 coatings produced using micron- and nano-sized powder suspensions, Surface and Coatings Technology, 204(16-17), 2657-2668. DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2010.02.018.
• Cui, X., Matsumura, J., (2020), Weathering behaviour of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook. under natural conditions. Forests, 11, 1326. DOI: 10.3390/f11121326.
• Das, A.K., Nakagawa-izumi, A., Ohi, H., (2015), Evaluation of pulp quality of three non-wood species as alternative raw materials for paper production, Japan Tappi Journal, 69(5), 80-86. DOI: 10.2524/jtappij.1501.
• DebMandal, M., Mandal, S., (2011), Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.: Arecaceae): In health promotion and disease prevention, Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 241-247.
• Dumail, J.-F., Castéra, P., Morlier, P., (1998), Hardness and basic density variation in the juvenile wood of maritime pine, in: Annales des Sciences Forestières, EDP Sciences, 911-923.
• Esteves, B., Marques, A.V., Domingos, I., Pereira, H., (2008), Heat-induced colour changes of pine (Pinus pinaster) and eucalypt (Eucalyptus globulus) wood, Wood Science and Technology, 42(5), 369-384. DOI: 10.1007/s00226-007-0157-2.
• Ghosh, G., Mandal, P., Mondal, SC., (2019), Modeling and optimization of surface roughness in keyway milling using ANN, genetic algorithm, and particle swarm optimization, The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 100, 1223-1242. DOI: 10.1007/s00170-017-1417-4.
• Gibe, Z.C., (1985), The Philippines’ recommendations for coconut timber utilization. Philippine Coconut Authority, PCARRD, Philippines.
• ISO 16610-21, (2011), Geometrical Product Specifications (GPS) - Filtration - Part 21: Linear Profile Filters: Gaussian Filters, Standard.
• ISO 2813, (1994), Paints and varnishes - determination of specular gloss of non-metallic paint films at 20 degrees, 60 degrees and 85 degrees, International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland.
• ISO 554, (1976), Standard Atmospheres for Conditioning and/or Testing, International Standardization Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
• Iwu, M.M., (2014), Handbook of African Medicinal Plants, Second Edition, CRC Press; 2 edition, February 4, 506 Pages, ISBN 9781466571976.
• Khorsand, S., Sheikhi, A., Raeissi, K., Golozar, M.A., (2018), Hot corrosion behavior of Inconel 625 superalloy in eutectic molten nitrate salts, Oxidation of Metals, 90, 169-186. DOI: 10.1007/s11085-017-9830-5.
• Killmann, W., (1983), Some physical properties of the coconut palm stem, Wood Science and Technology Journal, 17, 167-185.
• Killmann, W., Fink, D., (1996), Coconut palm stem processing, Protrade, Eschborn.
• Kúdela, J., Ihracký, P., (2014), Influence of diverse conditions during accelerated ageing of beech wood on its surface roughness. Acta Facultatis Xylologiae Zvolen, 56(2), 37-46.
• Liptáková, E., Kúdela, J., Bastl, Z., Spirovová, I., (1995), Influence of mechanical surface treatment of wood the wetting process, Holzforschung, 49(4), 369-375.
• Liptáková, E., Kúdela, J., Sarvaš, J., (2000), Study of the system wood - coating material. I. wood - liquid coating material, Holzforschung, 54(2), 189-196.
• Poncsak, S., Kocaefe, D., Bouazara, M., Pichette, A., (2006), Effect of high temperature treatment on the mechanical properties of birch (Betula papyrifera), Wood Science and Technology, 40(8), 647-663. DOI: 10.1007/s00226-006-0082-9.
• Pontes, F.J., Amorim, G.F., Balestrassi, P.P., Paiva, A.P., Ferreira, J.R., (2016), Design of experiments and focused grid search for neural network parameter optimization, Neurocomputing, 186, 22-34. DOI: 10.1016/j.neucom.2015.12.061.
• Poulter, R., Hopewell, G., (2010), Secondary cocowood products, Potting mix., (DEEDI), Brisbane, Australia.
• Ramos, A.N.J.R., Miciano, R.J., (1966), The mechanical properties of coconut palm (Cocos nucifera L.), Report. FPRDI.
• Rana, M.N., Das, A.K., Ashaduzzaman, M., (2015), Physical and mechanical properties of coconut palm (Cocos nucifera) stem, Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research, 50(1), 39-46.
• Robertson, A.R., (1977), The CIE 1976 color-difference formulae, Color Research & Application, 2, 7-11.
• Romulo, N., Arancon, Jr., (1997), Asia Pacific forestry sector outlook: Focus on coconut wood, Forestry Police and Planning Division, Rome, Regional office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok.
• Sangwan, K.S., Saxena, S., Kant, G., (2015), Optimization of machining parameters to minimize surface roughness using integrated ANN-GA approach, Proc CIRP, 29, 305-310. DOI: 10.1016/j.procir.2015.02.002.
• Streitberger, H.-J., Dössel, K.-F., (2008), Automotive Paints and Coatings, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim.
• Şahin, S., Ayata, Ü., (2018), Teak, black ebony ve wenge ağaç türlerinde renk ve parlaklık özellikleri üzerine ısıl işlemin (ThermoWood metot) etkisi, Multidisipliner Çalışmalar-3 (Sağlık ve Fen Bilimleri), Gece Kitaplığı Yayınevi, Birinci Basım, Ocak 2018, Editörler: Rıdvan KARAPINAR, Murat A. KUŞ, Ankara, Türkiye, 323-334. ISBN: 978-605-288-223-8.
• Şanıvar, N., Zorlu, İ., (1980), Ağaç işleri gereç bilgisi temel ders kitabı, Mesleki Ve Teknik Öğretim Kitapları, Milli Eğitim Basımevi, İstanbul, Etüd ve Programlama Dairesi Yayınları No: 43, 472 sayfa.
• Teulat, B., Aldam, C., Trehin, R., Lebrun, P., Barker, J.H.A., Arnold, G.M., Karp, A., Baudouin, L., Rognon, F., (2000), An analysis of genetic diversity in coconut (Cocos nucifera) populations from across the geographic range using sequence-tagged microsatellites (SSRs) and AFLPs, Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 100(5), 764-771.
• Tolvaj, L., Faix, O., (1995), Artificial ageing of wood monitored by DRIFT spectroscopy and CIE L*a*b* color measurements. I. Effect of UV light. Holzforschung, 49, 397-404.
• Türk, M., (2021), Eyong, jequtiba ve koto ağaç türlerinde renk, parlaklık ve shore D sertlik değerleri üzerine ısıl işlemin etkisi. Mobilya ve Ahşap Malzeme Araştırmaları Dergisi, 4(1), 51-60. DOI: 10.33725/mamad.928381.
• Zahrani, E.M., Alfantazi, A.M., (2012), Molten salt induced corrosion of Inconel 625 superalloy in PbSO4-Pb3O4-PbCl2- Fe2O3-ZnO environment, Corrosion Science, 65, 340-359. DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2012.08.035.
• Zhong, Z.W., (2021), Surface roughness of machined wood and advanced engineering materials and its prediction: A review, Advances in Mechanical Engineering, 13(5), 1-19. DOI: 10.1177/16878140211017632.