2003 Sonrası Orta Asya’da Türkiye ve Rusya: Rekabet ve Çatışma Stratejisinden İşbirliği ve Ortaklık Stratejisine Kayış

Abstract

Soğuk Savaşın sona ermesinin akabinde Sovyetler Birliği’nin uluslararası sahneden çekilmesi, Kafkasya ve Orta Asya’da bağımsızlığını kazanmış yeni ülkelerin ortaya çıkması Türkiye ve Rusya’yı kendi yerel ve uluslararası güvenlik politikalarını yeniden kurgulamaya zorladı. Putin’in 2000 ve Erdoğan’ın 2002 yıllarında iktidara gelmeleriyle birlikte Türkiye ve Rusya aralarındaki problemleri çözmek için yerel bölgesel yaklaşımlarında proaktif bir tutum sergilemeyi tercih etti ve bu geçiş coğrafyasında oldukça karmaşık bir nitelik taşıyan ekonomik, siyasi ve kültürel ilişkiler seti üzerinden bir etkileşim içerisine girdi. Bu bağlamda bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin Orta Asya’da izlediği grand stratejinin ilkelerini deskriptif ve normatif bir bakış açısından analiz etmeyi ve aynı bölgede Rusya’nın benimsediği ana stratejileri tanımlamanın yanı sıra Türkiye’nin stratejileriyle mukayese etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Nitekim her ne kadar Orta Asya ve diğer coğrafyalarda Rusya ve Türkiye arasında çok net bazı ihtilaflar bulunsa da bu ihtilaflar bu iki güç arasında askeri bir çatışmaya dönüşmemiştir. Buna ilaveten, çalışmamızın başından sonuna iddia ettiğimiz bir tezimizi ispata çalışacağız: Türkiye ve Rusya’nın bölgenin gerçeklerini dikkate alan normatif bir bakış açısıyla kendi yaklaşımlarını armonize eden uygulanabilir ve gerçekçi yeni bir plan geliştirmeleri ihtiyacı ve mecburiyeti… Tam da bu nedenle bu çalışma bölgede her iki aktörün kültürel, ekonomik ve siyasi ilişkilerini karşılıklı güçlendirebilmeleri için gerekli yapısal ve kurumsal şartları inşa etmeleri gerektiği tezine dayanmaktadır.

Keywords

• Orta Asya
• Türkiye ve Rusya’nın Güvenlik Politikaları
• Soğuk Savaş
• Güvenlik Stratejileri
• Jeopolitik Zorunluluk

Turkey and Russia in Central Asia after 2003: The Shift from a Strategy of Competition and Conflict to a Strategy of Cooperation and Partnership

Abstract

After the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the emergence of newly independent states in the Caucasus and Central Asia, forced Turkey and Russia to restructure the their regional and international security policies. Since the Erdogan took power in 2002 and Putin took power in 2000, Turkey and Russia have been interacting with this transitional geography, with a complex set of economic, political, and cultural relations, each trying to take a proactive stance in the regional political approach to solving the problems between them. This study discusses the principles of Turkey's grand strategy in the Central Asian region from a descriptive and normative point of view and then proceeds to define and compare it with Russia's main strategies in the same region. While there are some clear conflicts between Turkey and the Russians in Central Asia and beyond, there are no military conflicts between the two powers. In addition, we will discuss through the study the need for both Turkey and Russia to develop a new, practical, and realistic plan regarding the Central Asian region, in order to combine their normative viewpoint with the reality of the region. The study asserts that in order to strengthen cultural, economic, and political relations with the region, the necessary structural and institutional conditions must first be created.

Keywords

• Central Asia
• The Security Policies of Turkey and Russia
• Cold War
• The Security Strategies
• Geopolitical Necessity

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