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The Effect of Female Mayors on the Bureaucratic Representation of Women: A Study in the Scope of Passive Representation of Woman in Local Governments

Year 2023, , 1257 - 1268, 03.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.1322574

Abstract

The theory of representative bureaucracy argues that the presence of representatives from all social groups of the society in the bureaucracy (passive representation) is very important in terms of producing more responsive policies and more effective service delivery. Thus, representative bureaucrats in the bureaucracy will actively attempt to produce public policies and provide services in favor of their own groups. One of these initiatives is to increase the employment of their groups in the public sector in the employment policies of the representatives who are in decision-making positions. In this context, the current study was conducted to reveal how effective female mayors are in terms of increasing women's employment in the municipality. In the research, the increase in the number of female staff members in the municipality, where female mayors are presidents from the day they are elected, has been examined. As a sample, municipalities were selected in the annual report and in the annual report, whose employment numbers can be reached by gender. As a result of the research, it was observed that female mayors did not have a significant impact on the increase in the number of female bureaucrats in their municipalities.

References

  • ALEX, Nicholas (1969), Black in Blue: A Study of The Negro Policeman, Appleton-Century Crofts, New York (USA).
  • BELLİ, Aziz (2015), “Yerel Yönetimlerde Kadın Temsili ve Yerel Demokrasi”, Yasama Dergisi, S.31, ss. 65-88.
  • BRADBURY, Mark ve KELLOUGH, J. Edward (2011), “Representative Bureaucracy: Assessing the Evidence on Active Representation”, The American Review of Public Administration, S.41(2), ss.157-167.
  • BRISTOV, Stephen L. (1980), “Women Councillors: An Explanation of the Under‐Representation of Women in Local Government”, Local Government Studies, S.6(3), ss.73-90.
  • DEMİR, Hakan ve KARAKÜTÜK, Mehmet (2003), "Yerel Yönetimler ve Hizmette Yerellik: Subsidiarite İlkesi", Bilgi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, S.2, ss.65-77.
  • DOĞAN, Kadir Caner (2016), “Postmodern Kamu Yönetimi, Yerel Yönetimler ve Katılım: Yerel Yönetişim Odaklı Bir Yaklaşım”, İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, S.3(2) , ss.73-99.
  • DOMETRIUS, Nelson C. (1984), “Minorities and Women Among State Agency Leaders”, Social Science Quarterly, S.65, ss.127-137.
  • FUNK, Kendall D. ve PHILIPS, Andrew Q. (2019), “Representative Budgeting: Women Mayors and the Composition of Spending in Local Governors”, Political Research Quarterly, S.72(1), ss.19-33.
  • GIDENGIL, Elisabeth ve VENGROFF, Richard (1997), “Representative Bureaucracy, Tokenism and the Glass Ceiling: The Case of Women in Quebec Municipal Administration”, Canadian Public Administration, S.40(3), ss.457-480.
  • GROENEVELD, Sandra ve VAN DE WALLE, Steven (2010), “A Contingency Approach to Representative Bureaucracy: Power, Equal Opportunities and Diversity”, International Review of Administrative Sciences, S.76(2), ss.239-258.
  • KINGSLEY, J. Donald (1944), Representative Bureaucracy, Yellow Springs Publisher, Ohio (USA).
  • KRISLOV, Samuel (1967), The Negro in Federal Employment: The Quest for Equal Opportunity, Minnesota University Publisher, Minneapolis (US).
  • KRISLOV, Samuel (1974), Representative Bureaucracy, Englewood Cliffs Publisher, New Jersey (USA).
  • LIM, Hong-Hai (2006), “Representative Bureaucracy: Rethinking Substantive Effects and Active Representation”, Public Administration Review, S.66(2), ss.193-204.
  • LONG, Norton E. (1952), “Bureaucracy and Constitutionalism”, American Political Science Review, S.46, ss.808-818.
  • MEIER, Kenneth J. (1975), “Representative Bureaucracy: An Empirical Analysis”, American Political Science Review, S.69(2), ss.526-542.
  • MEIER, Kenneth J., WRİNKLE, Robert. D. ve POLİNARD, J. L. (1999), “Representative Bureaucracy and Distributional Equity: Addressing the Hard Question”, The Journal of Politics, S.61(4), ss.1025-1039.
  • MEIER, Kenneth J. ve NICHOLSON-CROTTY, Jill (2006), “Gender, Representative Bureaucracy, and Law Enforcement: The Case of Sexual Assault”, Public Administration Review, S.66(6), ss.850-860.
  • MEIER, Kenneth. J. ve HAWES, Daniel, P. (2009), “Ethnic Conflict in France: A Case for Representative Bureaucracy?”, The American Review of Public Administration, S.39(3), ss.269–285.
  • MEIER, Kenneth J. ve MORTON, Tabitha S. M. (2015), “Representative Bureaucracy in A Cross-National Context: Politics, Identity, Structure and Discretion”, Politics of Representative Bureaucracy (Eds. B. Guy Peters, Patrick von Maravić, Eckhard Schröter), Edward Elgar Publishing, Massachusets, ss.94-11.
  • MEIER, Kenneth J. ve FUNK, Kendall D. (2017), “Women and Public Administration in a Comparative Perspective: The Case of Representation in Brazilian Local Governments”, Administration & Society, S.49(1), ss.121-142.
  • MOSHER, Frederick (1968), Democracy and the Public Service, Oxford University Press, New York (US).
  • NICHOLSON-CROTTY, Jill ve MILLER, Susan. M. (2012), “Bureaucratic Effectiveness and Influence in the Legislature”, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, S.22(2), ss.347–371.
  • OKTAY, Tarkan (2022), Yerel Yönetimler, İdealkent Yayınları, Ankara.
  • PITKIN, Hanna Fenichel (1967), The Concept of Representation, University of California Press, California.
  • RICCUCCI, Norma M. ve SAIDEL, Judith R. (1997), “The Representativeness of State-Level Bureaucratic Leaders: A Missing Piece of the Representative Bureaucracy Puzzle”, Public Administration Review, S.57(5), ss.423-430.
  • RICCUCCI, Norma M. ve GREGG, Van Ryzın (2017), “Representative Bureaucracy: A Lever to Enhance Social Equity, Coproduction, and Democracy”, Public Administration Review, S.77(1), ss.21-30.
  • RICCUCCI, Norma M., VAN RYZIN, Gregg ve LAVENA, Cecilia F. (2014), “Representative Bureaucracy in Policing: Does it Increase Perceived Legitimacy?”, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, S.24(3), ss.537-551.
  • RICCUCCI, Norma M., VAN RYZIN, Gregg G. ve LI, Huafang (2016), “Representative Bureaucracy and the Willingness to Coproduce: An Experimental Study”, Public Administration Review, S.76(1), ss.121–130.
  • ROSENBLOOM, David H. ve FEAHTHERSTONHAUGH, Jeannette C. (1977), “Passive and Active Representation in the Federal Service: A Comparison of Blacks and Whites”, Social Science Quarterly, S.57, ss.873-882.
  • SALTZSTEIN, Grace Hall (1983), “Personnel Directors and Female Employment Representation: A New Addition to Models of Equal Employment Opportunity?”, Social Science Quarterly, S.64(4), ss.734-746.
  • ŞENGÜL, Ramazan (2020), Yerel yönetimler, Umuttepe Yayınları, Kocaeli.
  • TEKEL, Ayşe (2006), “Desantralizasyon ve Türkiye'de Metropoliten Alan Yönetimleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları (HÜTAD), S.5 , ss.71-88 .
  • 657 sayılı Devlet Memurları Kanunu (23.07.1965 tarih ve 12056 sayılı Resmi Gazete).
  • 5216 sayılı Büyükşehir Belediye Kanunu (23.07.2004 tarih ve 25531 sayılı Resmi Gazete).
  • 5393 sayılı Belediye Kanunu (13.07.2005 tarih ve 25874 sayılı Resmi Gazete).

Kadın Belediye Başkanlarının Kadınların Bürokratik Temsiline Etkisi: Yerel Yönetimlerde Kadınların Pasif Temsili Kapsamında Bir Araştırma

Year 2023, , 1257 - 1268, 03.01.2024
https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.1322574

Abstract

Temsili bürokrasi teorisi, bürokraside toplumun bütün sosyal kesimlerinden temsilciler bulunmasının (pasif temsilin) daha cevap verebilir politikalar üretilmesi ve daha etkin hizmet sunumu açısından oldukça önemli olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Böylece bürokrasinin içerisinde yer alan temsilci bürokratlar kendi gruplarının lehine kamu politikaları üretilmesi ve hizmet sunulması açısından aktif bir şekilde girişimde bulunacaklardır. Bu girişimlerden biri de karar alıcı pozisyonda bulunan temsilcilerin istihdam politikalarında kendi gruplarının kamu sektöründe istihdamını artırmaları noktasındadır. Bu kapsamda mevcut çalışmada kadın belediye başkanlarının, kadınların belediyede istihdamlarının artması açısından ne kadar etkili olduklarını ortaya koymak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada kadın belediye başkanlarının seçildikleri günden günümüze başkanı oldukları belediye bünyesindeki kadın personel sayısındaki artış incelenmiştir. Örneklem olarak ise faaliyet raporuna ve faaliyet raporunda da cinsiyete göre istihdam sayılarına ulaşılabilen belediyeler seçilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda kadın belediye başkanlarının belediyeleri bünyesindeki kadın bürokratların sayısının artması noktasında önemli bir etkisi bulunmadığı görülmüştür.

References

  • ALEX, Nicholas (1969), Black in Blue: A Study of The Negro Policeman, Appleton-Century Crofts, New York (USA).
  • BELLİ, Aziz (2015), “Yerel Yönetimlerde Kadın Temsili ve Yerel Demokrasi”, Yasama Dergisi, S.31, ss. 65-88.
  • BRADBURY, Mark ve KELLOUGH, J. Edward (2011), “Representative Bureaucracy: Assessing the Evidence on Active Representation”, The American Review of Public Administration, S.41(2), ss.157-167.
  • BRISTOV, Stephen L. (1980), “Women Councillors: An Explanation of the Under‐Representation of Women in Local Government”, Local Government Studies, S.6(3), ss.73-90.
  • DEMİR, Hakan ve KARAKÜTÜK, Mehmet (2003), "Yerel Yönetimler ve Hizmette Yerellik: Subsidiarite İlkesi", Bilgi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, S.2, ss.65-77.
  • DOĞAN, Kadir Caner (2016), “Postmodern Kamu Yönetimi, Yerel Yönetimler ve Katılım: Yerel Yönetişim Odaklı Bir Yaklaşım”, İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, S.3(2) , ss.73-99.
  • DOMETRIUS, Nelson C. (1984), “Minorities and Women Among State Agency Leaders”, Social Science Quarterly, S.65, ss.127-137.
  • FUNK, Kendall D. ve PHILIPS, Andrew Q. (2019), “Representative Budgeting: Women Mayors and the Composition of Spending in Local Governors”, Political Research Quarterly, S.72(1), ss.19-33.
  • GIDENGIL, Elisabeth ve VENGROFF, Richard (1997), “Representative Bureaucracy, Tokenism and the Glass Ceiling: The Case of Women in Quebec Municipal Administration”, Canadian Public Administration, S.40(3), ss.457-480.
  • GROENEVELD, Sandra ve VAN DE WALLE, Steven (2010), “A Contingency Approach to Representative Bureaucracy: Power, Equal Opportunities and Diversity”, International Review of Administrative Sciences, S.76(2), ss.239-258.
  • KINGSLEY, J. Donald (1944), Representative Bureaucracy, Yellow Springs Publisher, Ohio (USA).
  • KRISLOV, Samuel (1967), The Negro in Federal Employment: The Quest for Equal Opportunity, Minnesota University Publisher, Minneapolis (US).
  • KRISLOV, Samuel (1974), Representative Bureaucracy, Englewood Cliffs Publisher, New Jersey (USA).
  • LIM, Hong-Hai (2006), “Representative Bureaucracy: Rethinking Substantive Effects and Active Representation”, Public Administration Review, S.66(2), ss.193-204.
  • LONG, Norton E. (1952), “Bureaucracy and Constitutionalism”, American Political Science Review, S.46, ss.808-818.
  • MEIER, Kenneth J. (1975), “Representative Bureaucracy: An Empirical Analysis”, American Political Science Review, S.69(2), ss.526-542.
  • MEIER, Kenneth J., WRİNKLE, Robert. D. ve POLİNARD, J. L. (1999), “Representative Bureaucracy and Distributional Equity: Addressing the Hard Question”, The Journal of Politics, S.61(4), ss.1025-1039.
  • MEIER, Kenneth J. ve NICHOLSON-CROTTY, Jill (2006), “Gender, Representative Bureaucracy, and Law Enforcement: The Case of Sexual Assault”, Public Administration Review, S.66(6), ss.850-860.
  • MEIER, Kenneth. J. ve HAWES, Daniel, P. (2009), “Ethnic Conflict in France: A Case for Representative Bureaucracy?”, The American Review of Public Administration, S.39(3), ss.269–285.
  • MEIER, Kenneth J. ve MORTON, Tabitha S. M. (2015), “Representative Bureaucracy in A Cross-National Context: Politics, Identity, Structure and Discretion”, Politics of Representative Bureaucracy (Eds. B. Guy Peters, Patrick von Maravić, Eckhard Schröter), Edward Elgar Publishing, Massachusets, ss.94-11.
  • MEIER, Kenneth J. ve FUNK, Kendall D. (2017), “Women and Public Administration in a Comparative Perspective: The Case of Representation in Brazilian Local Governments”, Administration & Society, S.49(1), ss.121-142.
  • MOSHER, Frederick (1968), Democracy and the Public Service, Oxford University Press, New York (US).
  • NICHOLSON-CROTTY, Jill ve MILLER, Susan. M. (2012), “Bureaucratic Effectiveness and Influence in the Legislature”, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, S.22(2), ss.347–371.
  • OKTAY, Tarkan (2022), Yerel Yönetimler, İdealkent Yayınları, Ankara.
  • PITKIN, Hanna Fenichel (1967), The Concept of Representation, University of California Press, California.
  • RICCUCCI, Norma M. ve SAIDEL, Judith R. (1997), “The Representativeness of State-Level Bureaucratic Leaders: A Missing Piece of the Representative Bureaucracy Puzzle”, Public Administration Review, S.57(5), ss.423-430.
  • RICCUCCI, Norma M. ve GREGG, Van Ryzın (2017), “Representative Bureaucracy: A Lever to Enhance Social Equity, Coproduction, and Democracy”, Public Administration Review, S.77(1), ss.21-30.
  • RICCUCCI, Norma M., VAN RYZIN, Gregg ve LAVENA, Cecilia F. (2014), “Representative Bureaucracy in Policing: Does it Increase Perceived Legitimacy?”, Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, S.24(3), ss.537-551.
  • RICCUCCI, Norma M., VAN RYZIN, Gregg G. ve LI, Huafang (2016), “Representative Bureaucracy and the Willingness to Coproduce: An Experimental Study”, Public Administration Review, S.76(1), ss.121–130.
  • ROSENBLOOM, David H. ve FEAHTHERSTONHAUGH, Jeannette C. (1977), “Passive and Active Representation in the Federal Service: A Comparison of Blacks and Whites”, Social Science Quarterly, S.57, ss.873-882.
  • SALTZSTEIN, Grace Hall (1983), “Personnel Directors and Female Employment Representation: A New Addition to Models of Equal Employment Opportunity?”, Social Science Quarterly, S.64(4), ss.734-746.
  • ŞENGÜL, Ramazan (2020), Yerel yönetimler, Umuttepe Yayınları, Kocaeli.
  • TEKEL, Ayşe (2006), “Desantralizasyon ve Türkiye'de Metropoliten Alan Yönetimleri Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları (HÜTAD), S.5 , ss.71-88 .
  • 657 sayılı Devlet Memurları Kanunu (23.07.1965 tarih ve 12056 sayılı Resmi Gazete).
  • 5216 sayılı Büyükşehir Belediye Kanunu (23.07.2004 tarih ve 25531 sayılı Resmi Gazete).
  • 5393 sayılı Belediye Kanunu (13.07.2005 tarih ve 25874 sayılı Resmi Gazete).
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Public Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Merve Durmuş 0000-0002-2468-3972

Publication Date January 3, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2023

Cite

APA Durmuş, M. (2024). Kadın Belediye Başkanlarının Kadınların Bürokratik Temsiline Etkisi: Yerel Yönetimlerde Kadınların Pasif Temsili Kapsamında Bir Araştırma. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 6(4), 1257-1268. https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.1322574