A Research on the Expectations and Challenges of Predecessors and Successors in the Management Succession Process in Family Businesses

Abstract

It is of faced by importance to identify the expectations and challenges faced by the predecessor and successor in the management transfer processes in family businesses. However, within the national academic literature, there is a lack of sufficient studies aimed at identifying the expectations and perceptions of challenges successors and predecessors during the management transition process in family businesses, particularly in transitions from the first to the second generation and from the second to the third generation. Moreover, there are limited studies that examine potential differences between these generational groups and analyze these differences in a comparative manner. Existing research tends to focus on a single actor, such as the predecessor or the successor. This study aims to fill this gap by identifying predecessors and successors' expectations and perceptions of challenges during the management transition process in family businesses, specifically in transitions from the first to the second generation and from the second to the third generation, and comparing the intergenerational differences in these perceptions. The study selected four family businesses as a sample, using the deliberate sampling method, from those listed in the 2021 ISO 500/ISO second 500 or those that are members of TAİDER. The interview technique was chosen as the data collection tool, and a total of eight individuals (one successor and one predecessor from each business) were interviewed. The collected data were analyzed using the directed content analysis method. The study's findings reveal significant differences between the expectations and challenges experienced by successors and predecessors during the management transition process in family businesses and those described in the existing literature. The literature review identified a total of 21 expectations and challenges. Only 7 of these aligned with the existing literature, while the remaining 14 produced different results. The analyses indicated that factors such as "the level of institutionalization of businesses, the extent to which business operations are conducted within written rules and a specific plan, and the relationship level between the predecessor and successor" play a significant role in shaping the expectations and challenges perceived by successors and predecessors.

Keywords

• Management Transfer Process
• Predecessor
• Successor
• Expectations and Challenges
• Family Business

Aile İşletmelerinde Seleflerin ve Haleflerin Yönetim Devir Sürecindeki Beklentilerine ve Karşılaştıkları Zorluklara Yönelik Bir Araştırma

Öz

Aile işletmelerinde yönetimin devri sürecinde selef ve halefin beklentileri ile karşılaştıkları zorlukların tespiti büyük önem taşımaktadır. Ancak, ulusal akademik literatürde aile işletmelerinin yönetim devri süreçlerinde, birinciden ikinci nesile ve ikinciden üçüncü nesile geçişlerde, halef ve seleflerin beklenti ve zorluk algılarını belirlemeye yönelik yeterli sayıda çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Ayrıca, nesil grupları arasındaki potansiyel farklılıkların ortaya konulması ve bu farklılıkların karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde incelenmesi konusunda da sınırlı sayıda araştırma mevcuttur. Mevcut çalışmalarda genellikle selef veya halef gibi tek bir aktöre odaklanıldığı görülmektedir. Bu boşluğu doldurmayı amaçlayan bu çalışma, aile işletmelerinde yönetim devri sürecinde, birinciden ikinci nesile ve ikinciden üçüncü nesile geçişlerde selef ve haleflerin beklenti ve zorluk algılarını belirlemeyi ve bu algılar arasındaki nesiller arası farklılıkları karşılaştırmayı hedeflemektedir. Çalışmada, kasti örneklem yöntemi kullanılarak 2021 yılı İSO 500/İSO ikinci 500 listesinde olan veya TAİDER üyesi olan dört aile işletmesi örneklem olarak seçilmiştir. Veri toplama aracı olarak mülakat tekniği tercih edilmiş ve her işletmeden bir halef ve bir selef olmak üzere toplam sekiz kişi ile görüşme yapılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, yönlendirilmiş içerik analizi yöntemiyle analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma bulguları, aile işletmelerinde yönetim devri sürecinde seleflerin ve haleflerin beklentileri ve zorluk algılarının büyük ölçüde literatürle uyumlu olmadığını ortaya koymuştur. Literatür taramasıyla belirlenen 21 beklenti ve zorluğun yalnızca 7’si literatürle uyum gösterirken, 14’ü literatürden farklı sonuçlar ortaya koymuştur. Yapılan analizler, “işletmelerin kurumsallaşma seviyeleri, faaliyetlerin yazılı olan kurallar ve belirli bir plan çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilmesi, selefler ve halefler arasındaki ilişki düzeyi” gibi faktörlerin, selef ve haleflerin beklenti ve zorluk algılarının şekillenmesinde etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Yönetim Devir Süreci
• Selef
• Halef
• Beklenti ve Zorluklar
• Aile İşletmeleri

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