Smart city is a trending topic that many
researchers from different disciplines are interested in. Even though it is
supposed to be a study field of public administration, it has also technical
dimensions which are focused on by researchers from engineering sciences. On
the other hand, there is a security dimension of smart cities which has a
boundary that includes multidisciplinary contributions. The security of cities
has been an essential issue throughout the ages, but with the emergence of
smart cities, the development of internet and communication technologies, and
as a consequence of interconnection of critical infra structures in the smart
cities, a new dimension of security has been emerged as the headline of
security studies. This headline is cyber security. This study aims to
investigate cyber security issues in smart cities particularly focusing on
critical infrastructures and presents a recommendatory model for providing
cyber security of critical infrastructures in smart cities.
AL-MOHANNADI, Hamad, MIRZA, Qublai, NAMANYA, Anitta, AWAN, Irfan, CULLEN, Andrea and DISSO, Jules (2016), “Cyber-Attack Modeling Analysis Techniques: An Overview”, 4th International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud Workshops. ss.69-76.
ALAVI, Amir H., JIAO, Pengcheng, BUTTLAR, William G. and LAJNEF, Nizar (2018), “Internet of Things-enabled smart cities: State-of-the-art and future trends”, Measurement, S.129, ss.589-606.
ALBINO, Vito, BERARDI, Umberto and DANGELICO, Rosa Maria (2015), “Smart Cities: Definitions, Dimensions, Performance, and Initiatives”, Journal of Urban Technology, S.22(1), ss.3-21.
ALLWINKLE, Sam and CRUICKSHANK, Peter (2011), “Creating Smart-er Cities: An Overview”, Journal of Urban Technology, S.18(2), ss.1-16.
ANDRESS, Jason and WINTERFELD, Steve (2011), Cyber Warfare - Techniques, Tactics and Tools for Security Practitioners. USA: Elsevier.
BARNES, Ken and JOHNSON, Brian (2004), Introduction to SCADA protection and vulnerabilities. Idaho: Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory.
BATTY, Michael, AXHAUSEN, Kay W., GIANNOTTI, Fosca, POZDNOUKHOV, Bir, BAZZANI, Armando, WACHOWICZ, Monika, OUZOUNIS, Georgios, PORTUGALI, Youval (2012), “Smart Cities of The Future”, The European Physical Journal Special Topics, S.214, ss.481-518.
BOYES, Hugh, ISBELL, Roy and WATSON, Tim (2016), “Critical Infrastructure in the Future City Developing Secure and Resilient Cyber–Physical Systems”, Critical Information Infrastructures Security 9th International Conference, Limassol Cyprus. Springer.
BRONK, Christopher and TIKK-RINGAS, Eneken (2013), “The Cyber Attack on Saudi Aramco, Survival”, Global Politics and Strategy, S.5(2), ss.81-96.
BUSCHSIEWEKE, Marian and GÜNEŞ, Mesut (2017), “Securing Critical Infrastructure in Smart Cities: Providing Scalable Access Control for Constrained Devices”, 28th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications.
CARAGLIU, Andrea, BO, Chiara Del and NIJKAMP, Peter (2011), “Smart Cities in Europe”, Journal of Urban Technology, S.18(2), ss.65-82.
CLARK, David, BERSON, Thomas and LIN, Herbert S. (2014), At the Nexus of Cybersecurity and Public Policy. Computer Science and Telecommunications Board. National Research Council, Washington DC: The National Academies Press.
CSIS (2019). Significant Cyber Incidents Since 2006. Center for Strategic and International Studies.
ÇELİK, Ahmet (1998), “Some Notes On the Information Society”, Hacettepe University Journal of Faculty of Letters, S.(15)1, ss.53-59.
DEGBELO, Auriol, GRANELL, Carlos, TRILLES, Sergio, BHATTACHARYA, Devanjan, CASTELEYN, Sven and KRAY, Christian (2016), “Opening up Smart Cities: Citizen-Centric Challenges and Opportunities from GIScience”, International Journal of Geo-Information, S.5(16), ss.1-25.
DENNING, Peter J. and DENNING, Dorothy E. (2010), “The Profession of IT: Discussing Cyber Attack”, Communications of the ACM, S.53(9), ss.29-31.
DOHS (2015), The Future of Smart Cities: Cyber-Physical Infrastructure Risk. U.S: Department of Home Land Security.
DWEVEDI, Rajneesh, KRISHNA, Vinoy and KUMAR, Aniket (2018), “Environment and Big Data: Role in Smart Cities of India”, Resources, S.7(64), ss.1-10.
FARHAT, Vince, RAYSMAN, Richard and CANALE, John (2016), Cyber Attacks: Prevention and Proactive Responses. Practical Law. Thomson Reuters.
FICCO, Massimo, CHORAS, Michal and KOZIK, Rafal (2017), “Simulation platform for cyber-security and vulnerability analysis of critical infrastructures”, Journal of Computational Science, S.22, ss.179-186.
FORBES (2019), Cities Are Facing A Deluge Of Cyberattacks, And The Worst Is Yet To Come, Cesar Cerrudo Forbes Councils Forbes Technology Council.
GEERS, Kenneth (2010), “The challenge of cyber attack deterrence”, Computer Law & Security Review, S.26, ss.298-303.
GIL-GARCIA, J. Ramon, PARDO, Therasa A. and NAM, Taewoo (2015), “What makes a city smart? Identifying core components and proposing an integrative and comprehensive conceptualization”, Information Polity, S.20, ss.61-87.
GOCOGLU, Volkan (2018), “The Assessment of Turkey’s Cyber Security Policies in the Context of Public Policy Analysis”, Unpublished Doctoral Thesis. Hacettepe University Institue of Socail Sciences, Ankara.
GUL, Huseyin (2018). “Impact of Digitization on Public Administration, Public Policy and Research in These Fields”, Yasama Dergisi, S.36, ss.5-26.
GRAHAM, James, HOWARD, Rick and OLSON, Ryan (2011), Cyber Security Essentials. U.S. Taylor and Francis Group.
HOLLANDS, Robert G. (2008), “Will the real smart city please stand up?”, City, S.12(3), ss.303-320.
HUO, Da et al. (2019), “Chance-Constrained Optimization for Multienergy Hub Systems in a Smart City”, Transactions on Industrial Electronics, S.66(2), ss.1402-1412.
IJAZ, Sidra, SHAH, Munam Ali, KHAN, Abid and AHMED, Mansoor (2016), “Smart Cities: A Survey on Security Concerns”, International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, S.7(2), ss.612-625.
ISF (2015), “Smart City Security: Building for the future”, Information Security Forum.
ITCI (2010), The Protection of Critical Infrastructures, Information Technology and Communication Institution, Ankara.
KARABACAK, Bilge, YILDIRIM, Sevgi Ozkan and BAYKAL, Nazife (2016), “A vulnerability-driven cyber security maturity model for measuring national critical infrastructure protection preparedness”, International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, S.15, ss.47-59.
KARABACAK, Bilge, YILDIRIM, Sevgi Ozkan and BAYKAL, Nazife (2016), “Regulatory approaches for cyber security of critical infrastructures: The case of Turkey”, Computer Law & Security Review, S.32, ss.526-539.
KORFF, Douwe (t.y.), Cyber Security Definitions, Associate of the Oxford Martin School of the University of Oxford’s Global Cybersecurity Capacity Centre, UK.
LIM, Chiehyeon, KIM, Kwang-Jae and MAGLIO, Paul P. (2018), “Smart cities with big data: Reference models, challenges, and considerations”, Cities, S.82, ss.86-99.
LIMBA, Tadas, PLETA, Tomas, AGAFONOV, Konstantin and DAMKUS, Martynes (2017), “Cyber Security Management Model for Critical Infrastructure”, The International Journal Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, S.4(4), ss.559-573.
LUCAS, Clemencio Morales, LOPEZ, Luis Fernando Mingo and BLAS, Nuria Gomez (2018), “Natural Computing Applied to the Underground System: A Synergistic Approach for Smart Cities”, Sensors, S.18, ss.1-20.
MAGLARAS, Leandros A., KIM, Ki-Hyung, JANICKE, Helge, FERRAG, Mohamed Amine, RALLIS, Stylianos, FRAGKOU, Pavlina, MAGLARAS, Athanasios and CRUZ, Tiago J. (2018), “Cyber security of critical infrastructures”, ICT Express, S.4, ss.42-45.
MARSH and MCLENNAN (2017), Cyber Threats: A Perfect Storm About to Hit Europe?, FireEye.
MECEK, Mehmet and KOCAKULA, Özge (2019). “E-Devlet ve E-Yönetişimde İdari, Siyasi ve Etik Sorunlar”, E-Yönetişim (Ed. Bekir PARLAK and Kadir Caner DOĞAN), Beta Yayınları, İstanbul.
MORAG, Nadav (2014), Cybercrime, Cyberespionage, and Cybersabotage: Understanding Emerging Threats, Colorado Technical University, USA.
MUSA, Sam (2016), “Smart Cities - A Roadmap for Development”, Journal of Telecommunications System & Management, S.5(3), ss.1-3.
NAPHADE, Milind, BANAVAR, Guruduth, HARRISON, Colin, PARASZCZAK, Jurij and MORRIS, Robert (2011), “Smarter Cities and Their Innovation Challenges”, Computer, ss.32-39.
NCS (2018), “National Cyber Strategy”, Washington: The White House, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/National-Cyber-Strategy.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 31.01.2019).
NEIROTTI, Paolo, MARCO, Alberto, CAGLIANO, Anna Corinna, MANGANO, Giulio and SCORRANO, Francesco (2014), “Current trends in Smart City initiatives: Some stylised facts”, Cities, S.38, ss.25-36.
OSMAN, Ahmed M. Shatat (2019), “A novel big data analytics framework for smart cities”, Future Generation Computer Systems, S.91, ss.620-633.
PCM (2013), National Strategic Framework for Cyberspace Security, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Italy.
PERERA, Charith, ZASLAVSKY, Arkady, CHRISTEN, Peter and GEORGAKOPOULOS, Dimitrios (2014), “Sensing as a service model for smart cities supported by Internet of Things”, Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, S.25, ss.81-93.
PROCHAZKOYA, Dana and PROCHAZKA, Jan (2018), Smart Cities and Critical Infrastructure, Smart Cities Symposium Prague, ss.1-6.
RAMOS, Francisco, TRILLES, Sergio, TORRES-SOSPEDRA, Joaquin and PERALES, Francisco J. (2018), “New Trends in Using Augmented Reality Apps for Smart City Contexts”, International Journal of Geo-Information, S.478, ss.1-23.
ROCHE, Stephane, NABIAN, Nashid, KLOECKL, Kristian and RATTI, Carlo (2012), “Are 'Smart Cities' Smart Enough?”, Spatially Enabling Government, Industry and Citizens, ss.215-235.
SADIOGLU, Ugur and ERDINCLER, R. Erkut (2018), “Akilli Kentler ve Turk Kentleri Için Politika Onerileri”, Küreselleşme Sürecinde Yerel Hizmet Yerel Siyaset (Ed. Ayşegul
MENGI and Deniz ISCIOGLU), Ankara University Press, Ankara.
SAHIN, Savas Zafer (2018). “Evolution of the Relationship between Urban Planning and Urban Infrastructure”, Planlama, S.28, ss.6-11.
SIMON, Tobby (2017), “Critical Infrastructure and the Internet of Things”, CIGI: Global Commission on Internet Governance, S.46, ss.1-11.
SNYDER, Don, POWERS, James D., BODINE-BARON, Elizabeth, FOX, Bernard, KENDRICK, Lauren and POWELL, Michael H. (2015), Improving the Cybersecurity of U.S. Air Force Military Systems Throughout Their Life Cycles. RAND, CA.
TESFAHUN, Abebe and BHASKARI, D. Lalitha (2015), “A SCADA Testbed for Investigating Cyber Security Vulnerabilities in Critical Infrastructures”, Automatic Control and Computer Sciences, S.50(1), ss.54-62.
TOHME, Walid, LINDEYER, Jeremy, HARB, Imad and PAPAZIAN, Sevag (2015), "Cyber security in the Middle East A strategic approach to protecting national digital assets and infrastructure", E-Report, https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/media/file/Cyber-security-in-the-Middle-East.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 20.01.2019).
TOWNSEND, Anthony M. (2013), Smart cities: Big data, civic hackers, and the quest for a new utopia, WW Norton & Company, New York.
WEBSTER, Frank (2014), Theories of the Information Society. Routledge.
WIENER, Norbert (1948), Cybernetics, or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine, MIT Press, Cambridge (UK).
WOODHEAD, Roy (2018), “Building a Smarter City”, International Journal of Technology, S.7, ss.1509-1517.
WU, Shiann Ming, GUO, Dongqiang, WU, Yenchun Jim and WU, Yung Chang (2018), “Future Development of Taiwan’s Smart Cities from an Information Security Perspective”, Sustainability, S.10, ss.1-18.
YIGITCANLAR, Tan, KAMRUZZAMAN, Md., FOTH, Marcus, SABATINI-MARQUES, Jamile, DA COSTA, Eduardo and LOPPOLO, Giuseppe (2019), “Can cities become smart without being sustainable? A systematic review of the literature”, Sustainable Cities and Society, S.45, ss.348-365.
YIN, Chuantao, XIONG, Zhang, CHEN, Hui, WANG, Jingyuan, COOPER, Daven and DAVID, Bertrand (2015), “A literature survey on smart cities”, Science China Information Sciences, S.58, ss.1-18.
Akıllı Şehirlerdeki Kritik Altyapıların Güvenliği
Year 2019,
Volume: 2 Issue: 1, 51 - 63, 11.05.2019
Akıllı şehir birçok farklı alandan araştırmacıların
ilgisini çeken popüler bir konudur. Kamu yönetimi alanında bir çalışma alanı
olmasına rağmen, mühendislik bilimlerindeki araştırmacılar tarafından
odaklanılan teknik boyutlara da sahiptir.
Öte yandan, çok disiplinli katkıları içeren bir sınırı olan akıllı
şehirlerin bir de güvenlik boyutu vardır. Şehirlerin güvenliği, çağlar boyunca
önemli bir mesele olmuştur, ancak akıllı şehirlerin ortaya çıkması, internet ve
iletişim teknolojilerinin gelişimi ve akıllı şehirlerdeki kritik alt yapıların
sanal ağlarla birbirlerine bağlanması sonucunda, güvenliğin yeni bir boyutu
güvenlik çalışmalarının ana başlığı haline gelmiştir. Bu başlık siber
güvenliktir. Bu çalışma, akıllı şehirlerde özellikle kritik altyapılara
odaklanan siber güvenlik meselelerini sorgulamayı amaçlamakta ve akıllı
şehirlerdeki kritik altyapıların siber güvenliğini sağlamak için öneri
niteliğinde bir model ortaya koymaktadır.
AL-MOHANNADI, Hamad, MIRZA, Qublai, NAMANYA, Anitta, AWAN, Irfan, CULLEN, Andrea and DISSO, Jules (2016), “Cyber-Attack Modeling Analysis Techniques: An Overview”, 4th International Conference on Future Internet of Things and Cloud Workshops. ss.69-76.
ALAVI, Amir H., JIAO, Pengcheng, BUTTLAR, William G. and LAJNEF, Nizar (2018), “Internet of Things-enabled smart cities: State-of-the-art and future trends”, Measurement, S.129, ss.589-606.
ALBINO, Vito, BERARDI, Umberto and DANGELICO, Rosa Maria (2015), “Smart Cities: Definitions, Dimensions, Performance, and Initiatives”, Journal of Urban Technology, S.22(1), ss.3-21.
ALLWINKLE, Sam and CRUICKSHANK, Peter (2011), “Creating Smart-er Cities: An Overview”, Journal of Urban Technology, S.18(2), ss.1-16.
ANDRESS, Jason and WINTERFELD, Steve (2011), Cyber Warfare - Techniques, Tactics and Tools for Security Practitioners. USA: Elsevier.
BARNES, Ken and JOHNSON, Brian (2004), Introduction to SCADA protection and vulnerabilities. Idaho: Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory.
BATTY, Michael, AXHAUSEN, Kay W., GIANNOTTI, Fosca, POZDNOUKHOV, Bir, BAZZANI, Armando, WACHOWICZ, Monika, OUZOUNIS, Georgios, PORTUGALI, Youval (2012), “Smart Cities of The Future”, The European Physical Journal Special Topics, S.214, ss.481-518.
BOYES, Hugh, ISBELL, Roy and WATSON, Tim (2016), “Critical Infrastructure in the Future City Developing Secure and Resilient Cyber–Physical Systems”, Critical Information Infrastructures Security 9th International Conference, Limassol Cyprus. Springer.
BRONK, Christopher and TIKK-RINGAS, Eneken (2013), “The Cyber Attack on Saudi Aramco, Survival”, Global Politics and Strategy, S.5(2), ss.81-96.
BUSCHSIEWEKE, Marian and GÜNEŞ, Mesut (2017), “Securing Critical Infrastructure in Smart Cities: Providing Scalable Access Control for Constrained Devices”, 28th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications.
CARAGLIU, Andrea, BO, Chiara Del and NIJKAMP, Peter (2011), “Smart Cities in Europe”, Journal of Urban Technology, S.18(2), ss.65-82.
CLARK, David, BERSON, Thomas and LIN, Herbert S. (2014), At the Nexus of Cybersecurity and Public Policy. Computer Science and Telecommunications Board. National Research Council, Washington DC: The National Academies Press.
CSIS (2019). Significant Cyber Incidents Since 2006. Center for Strategic and International Studies.
ÇELİK, Ahmet (1998), “Some Notes On the Information Society”, Hacettepe University Journal of Faculty of Letters, S.(15)1, ss.53-59.
DEGBELO, Auriol, GRANELL, Carlos, TRILLES, Sergio, BHATTACHARYA, Devanjan, CASTELEYN, Sven and KRAY, Christian (2016), “Opening up Smart Cities: Citizen-Centric Challenges and Opportunities from GIScience”, International Journal of Geo-Information, S.5(16), ss.1-25.
DENNING, Peter J. and DENNING, Dorothy E. (2010), “The Profession of IT: Discussing Cyber Attack”, Communications of the ACM, S.53(9), ss.29-31.
DOHS (2015), The Future of Smart Cities: Cyber-Physical Infrastructure Risk. U.S: Department of Home Land Security.
DWEVEDI, Rajneesh, KRISHNA, Vinoy and KUMAR, Aniket (2018), “Environment and Big Data: Role in Smart Cities of India”, Resources, S.7(64), ss.1-10.
FARHAT, Vince, RAYSMAN, Richard and CANALE, John (2016), Cyber Attacks: Prevention and Proactive Responses. Practical Law. Thomson Reuters.
FICCO, Massimo, CHORAS, Michal and KOZIK, Rafal (2017), “Simulation platform for cyber-security and vulnerability analysis of critical infrastructures”, Journal of Computational Science, S.22, ss.179-186.
FORBES (2019), Cities Are Facing A Deluge Of Cyberattacks, And The Worst Is Yet To Come, Cesar Cerrudo Forbes Councils Forbes Technology Council.
GEERS, Kenneth (2010), “The challenge of cyber attack deterrence”, Computer Law & Security Review, S.26, ss.298-303.
GIL-GARCIA, J. Ramon, PARDO, Therasa A. and NAM, Taewoo (2015), “What makes a city smart? Identifying core components and proposing an integrative and comprehensive conceptualization”, Information Polity, S.20, ss.61-87.
GOCOGLU, Volkan (2018), “The Assessment of Turkey’s Cyber Security Policies in the Context of Public Policy Analysis”, Unpublished Doctoral Thesis. Hacettepe University Institue of Socail Sciences, Ankara.
GUL, Huseyin (2018). “Impact of Digitization on Public Administration, Public Policy and Research in These Fields”, Yasama Dergisi, S.36, ss.5-26.
GRAHAM, James, HOWARD, Rick and OLSON, Ryan (2011), Cyber Security Essentials. U.S. Taylor and Francis Group.
HOLLANDS, Robert G. (2008), “Will the real smart city please stand up?”, City, S.12(3), ss.303-320.
HUO, Da et al. (2019), “Chance-Constrained Optimization for Multienergy Hub Systems in a Smart City”, Transactions on Industrial Electronics, S.66(2), ss.1402-1412.
IJAZ, Sidra, SHAH, Munam Ali, KHAN, Abid and AHMED, Mansoor (2016), “Smart Cities: A Survey on Security Concerns”, International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications, S.7(2), ss.612-625.
ISF (2015), “Smart City Security: Building for the future”, Information Security Forum.
ITCI (2010), The Protection of Critical Infrastructures, Information Technology and Communication Institution, Ankara.
KARABACAK, Bilge, YILDIRIM, Sevgi Ozkan and BAYKAL, Nazife (2016), “A vulnerability-driven cyber security maturity model for measuring national critical infrastructure protection preparedness”, International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, S.15, ss.47-59.
KARABACAK, Bilge, YILDIRIM, Sevgi Ozkan and BAYKAL, Nazife (2016), “Regulatory approaches for cyber security of critical infrastructures: The case of Turkey”, Computer Law & Security Review, S.32, ss.526-539.
KORFF, Douwe (t.y.), Cyber Security Definitions, Associate of the Oxford Martin School of the University of Oxford’s Global Cybersecurity Capacity Centre, UK.
LIM, Chiehyeon, KIM, Kwang-Jae and MAGLIO, Paul P. (2018), “Smart cities with big data: Reference models, challenges, and considerations”, Cities, S.82, ss.86-99.
LIMBA, Tadas, PLETA, Tomas, AGAFONOV, Konstantin and DAMKUS, Martynes (2017), “Cyber Security Management Model for Critical Infrastructure”, The International Journal Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, S.4(4), ss.559-573.
LUCAS, Clemencio Morales, LOPEZ, Luis Fernando Mingo and BLAS, Nuria Gomez (2018), “Natural Computing Applied to the Underground System: A Synergistic Approach for Smart Cities”, Sensors, S.18, ss.1-20.
MAGLARAS, Leandros A., KIM, Ki-Hyung, JANICKE, Helge, FERRAG, Mohamed Amine, RALLIS, Stylianos, FRAGKOU, Pavlina, MAGLARAS, Athanasios and CRUZ, Tiago J. (2018), “Cyber security of critical infrastructures”, ICT Express, S.4, ss.42-45.
MARSH and MCLENNAN (2017), Cyber Threats: A Perfect Storm About to Hit Europe?, FireEye.
MECEK, Mehmet and KOCAKULA, Özge (2019). “E-Devlet ve E-Yönetişimde İdari, Siyasi ve Etik Sorunlar”, E-Yönetişim (Ed. Bekir PARLAK and Kadir Caner DOĞAN), Beta Yayınları, İstanbul.
MORAG, Nadav (2014), Cybercrime, Cyberespionage, and Cybersabotage: Understanding Emerging Threats, Colorado Technical University, USA.
MUSA, Sam (2016), “Smart Cities - A Roadmap for Development”, Journal of Telecommunications System & Management, S.5(3), ss.1-3.
NAPHADE, Milind, BANAVAR, Guruduth, HARRISON, Colin, PARASZCZAK, Jurij and MORRIS, Robert (2011), “Smarter Cities and Their Innovation Challenges”, Computer, ss.32-39.
NCS (2018), “National Cyber Strategy”, Washington: The White House, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/National-Cyber-Strategy.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 31.01.2019).
NEIROTTI, Paolo, MARCO, Alberto, CAGLIANO, Anna Corinna, MANGANO, Giulio and SCORRANO, Francesco (2014), “Current trends in Smart City initiatives: Some stylised facts”, Cities, S.38, ss.25-36.
OSMAN, Ahmed M. Shatat (2019), “A novel big data analytics framework for smart cities”, Future Generation Computer Systems, S.91, ss.620-633.
PCM (2013), National Strategic Framework for Cyberspace Security, Presidency of the Council of Ministers, Italy.
PERERA, Charith, ZASLAVSKY, Arkady, CHRISTEN, Peter and GEORGAKOPOULOS, Dimitrios (2014), “Sensing as a service model for smart cities supported by Internet of Things”, Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, S.25, ss.81-93.
PROCHAZKOYA, Dana and PROCHAZKA, Jan (2018), Smart Cities and Critical Infrastructure, Smart Cities Symposium Prague, ss.1-6.
RAMOS, Francisco, TRILLES, Sergio, TORRES-SOSPEDRA, Joaquin and PERALES, Francisco J. (2018), “New Trends in Using Augmented Reality Apps for Smart City Contexts”, International Journal of Geo-Information, S.478, ss.1-23.
ROCHE, Stephane, NABIAN, Nashid, KLOECKL, Kristian and RATTI, Carlo (2012), “Are 'Smart Cities' Smart Enough?”, Spatially Enabling Government, Industry and Citizens, ss.215-235.
SADIOGLU, Ugur and ERDINCLER, R. Erkut (2018), “Akilli Kentler ve Turk Kentleri Için Politika Onerileri”, Küreselleşme Sürecinde Yerel Hizmet Yerel Siyaset (Ed. Ayşegul
MENGI and Deniz ISCIOGLU), Ankara University Press, Ankara.
SAHIN, Savas Zafer (2018). “Evolution of the Relationship between Urban Planning and Urban Infrastructure”, Planlama, S.28, ss.6-11.
SIMON, Tobby (2017), “Critical Infrastructure and the Internet of Things”, CIGI: Global Commission on Internet Governance, S.46, ss.1-11.
SNYDER, Don, POWERS, James D., BODINE-BARON, Elizabeth, FOX, Bernard, KENDRICK, Lauren and POWELL, Michael H. (2015), Improving the Cybersecurity of U.S. Air Force Military Systems Throughout Their Life Cycles. RAND, CA.
TESFAHUN, Abebe and BHASKARI, D. Lalitha (2015), “A SCADA Testbed for Investigating Cyber Security Vulnerabilities in Critical Infrastructures”, Automatic Control and Computer Sciences, S.50(1), ss.54-62.
TOHME, Walid, LINDEYER, Jeremy, HARB, Imad and PAPAZIAN, Sevag (2015), "Cyber security in the Middle East A strategic approach to protecting national digital assets and infrastructure", E-Report, https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/media/file/Cyber-security-in-the-Middle-East.pdf (Erişim tarihi: 20.01.2019).
TOWNSEND, Anthony M. (2013), Smart cities: Big data, civic hackers, and the quest for a new utopia, WW Norton & Company, New York.
WEBSTER, Frank (2014), Theories of the Information Society. Routledge.
WIENER, Norbert (1948), Cybernetics, or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine, MIT Press, Cambridge (UK).
WOODHEAD, Roy (2018), “Building a Smarter City”, International Journal of Technology, S.7, ss.1509-1517.
WU, Shiann Ming, GUO, Dongqiang, WU, Yenchun Jim and WU, Yung Chang (2018), “Future Development of Taiwan’s Smart Cities from an Information Security Perspective”, Sustainability, S.10, ss.1-18.
YIGITCANLAR, Tan, KAMRUZZAMAN, Md., FOTH, Marcus, SABATINI-MARQUES, Jamile, DA COSTA, Eduardo and LOPPOLO, Giuseppe (2019), “Can cities become smart without being sustainable? A systematic review of the literature”, Sustainable Cities and Society, S.45, ss.348-365.
YIN, Chuantao, XIONG, Zhang, CHEN, Hui, WANG, Jingyuan, COOPER, Daven and DAVID, Bertrand (2015), “A literature survey on smart cities”, Science China Information Sciences, S.58, ss.1-18.
Göçoğlu, V. (2019). Cyber Security of Critical Infrastructures in Smart Cities. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 2(1), 51-63. https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.548909