Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

2003 Sonrası Orta Asya’da Türkiye ve Rusya: Rekabet ve Çatışma Stratejisinden İşbirliği ve Ortaklık Stratejisine Kayış

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 499 - 509, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.1216094

Abstract

Soğuk Savaşın sona ermesinin akabinde Sovyetler Birliği’nin uluslararası sahneden çekilmesi, Kafkasya ve Orta Asya’da bağımsızlığını kazanmış yeni ülkelerin ortaya çıkması Türkiye ve Rusya’yı kendi yerel ve uluslararası güvenlik politikalarını yeniden kurgulamaya zorladı. Putin’in 2000 ve Erdoğan’ın 2002 yıllarında iktidara gelmeleriyle birlikte Türkiye ve Rusya aralarındaki problemleri çözmek için yerel bölgesel yaklaşımlarında proaktif bir tutum sergilemeyi tercih etti ve bu geçiş coğrafyasında oldukça karmaşık bir nitelik taşıyan ekonomik, siyasi ve kültürel ilişkiler seti üzerinden bir etkileşim içerisine girdi. Bu bağlamda bu çalışma, Türkiye’nin Orta Asya’da izlediği grand stratejinin ilkelerini deskriptif ve normatif bir bakış açısından analiz etmeyi ve aynı bölgede Rusya’nın benimsediği ana stratejileri tanımlamanın yanı sıra Türkiye’nin stratejileriyle mukayese etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Nitekim her ne kadar Orta Asya ve diğer coğrafyalarda Rusya ve Türkiye arasında çok net bazı ihtilaflar bulunsa da bu ihtilaflar bu iki güç arasında askeri bir çatışmaya dönüşmemiştir. Buna ilaveten, çalışmamızın başından sonuna iddia ettiğimiz bir tezimizi ispata çalışacağız: Türkiye ve Rusya’nın bölgenin gerçeklerini dikkate alan normatif bir bakış açısıyla kendi yaklaşımlarını armonize eden uygulanabilir ve gerçekçi yeni bir plan geliştirmeleri ihtiyacı ve mecburiyeti… Tam da bu nedenle bu çalışma bölgede her iki aktörün kültürel, ekonomik ve siyasi ilişkilerini karşılıklı güçlendirebilmeleri için gerekli yapısal ve kurumsal şartları inşa etmeleri gerektiği tezine dayanmaktadır.

References

  • ABBASI, Addel (2007), "Russian Policy Towards Independent Islamic Republics: Opportunities and Limitations", PhD Thesis, University of Algiers, Algiers.
  • ABENSTEIN, Jessica (2007), Russian Foreign Policy Strategy Towards Central Asia, Oxy Scholar.
  • AKÇADAĞ ALAGÖZ, Emine (2021), “Turkey’s Own ‘Pivot to Asia’: A Neoclassical Realist Analysis”, Asia Europe Journal, S.19, ss.291–307.
  • AL-NAELI, Hocine Khadem (2017), The Russian Federation and the Future of Global Strategic Balance, Arab House of Sciences Publishers, Beirut (Lebanon).
  • AL-SAAD, Mouhamed Nadjib (2020), “Central Asia... an Arena of International Conflict and Competition”, Algerian Encyclopedia of Political and Strategic Studies (E-Article), https://www.politics-dz.com/ (Date of Access: 03.08.2022).
  • AL-TAYEE, Mouhamed Ben selman (2015), “Central Asia: A Zone of Conflict and International Competition”, Al-Watan Newspaper (Sultanate Of Oman), 12 September 2015.
  • ARAFAT, Ibrahim (2007), “Central Asia International Competition in a Closed Area”, International Politics Magazine, S.12, ss 160-168.
  • AREF, Al Obidi Hocine (1992), “Regional Identity the Islamic Republics of Central Asia”, Journal of Political Science, S.15.
  • BAEV, Pavel (2010), Military Power and Energy Politics: Putin and the Quest for Russian Greatness, The United Arab Emirates: The Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research Publisher, Abu Dabi (BAE).
  • BAKR, Mouhamed Rachid-Boudour (2016), The Regional Position of Turkey until the Year 2020: A Prospective Study, Arab House of Science Publishers, Beirut (Lebanon).
  • BRITANNICA, Encyclopedia (1823), Arts, Science, and Miscellaneous Literature, Enlarged and Improved, Archibald Constable and Company Publisher, London (UK), The Sixth Edition.
  • ÇİÇEK, Oğuzhan (2019), “Turkish Foreign Policy in Post Cold War Era”, Lecture Notes, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İİBF Uluslararasi İlişkiler Bölümü, Ankara, ss.1-6.
  • DAVUTOĞU, Ahmet (2014), Strategic Depth: Turkey's International Position, Kure Publisher, İstanbul.
  • DINA, Malysheva (2015), “Turkey in Central Asia: Partnership or Rivalry?”, RIAC – Russian International Affairs Council (E-Article), 16 March 2015, https://russiancouncil.ru/en/analytics-and-comments/analytics/russia-and-turkey-in-central-asia-partnership-or-rivalry/ https://russiancouncil.ru/En/Analytics-Andcomments/Analytics/Russia-And-Turkey-In-Central-Asia-Partnership-Or-Rivalry/ (Date of Access: 03.08.2022).
  • DUARTE, Paulo (2014), “Turkey Vis-À-Vis Central Asia: A Geostrategic Assessment”, Alternatives Turkish Journal of International Relations, S.13(3), ss.31-40.
  • EL-IMARA, Lama Madher (2005), Internal and External Variables in the Russian Federation and Their Impact, The United Arab Emirates: Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research Publisher, Abu Dabi (BAE).
  • EREN, Erdem (2017), “Şangay İşbirliği Örgütü ve Türk Dış Politikasında Gelecek Perspektifi”, Strategic Public Management Journal, S.3(5), ss.77-94.
  • HAMZAOĞLU, Halit (2022), “Turkey-Uzbekistan Relations: Strategic Cooperation and Partnership”, International Journal of Social Sciences, S.6(2), ss.313-329.
  • HUSSEIN, Hafiz Taleeb (2012), “New Changes in the Policy of the Russian Federation towards the Central Asian Region”, Journal of the College of Education for Women, S.23(8), ss.434-437.
  • JAVAID, Faisal (2021), “Impact of Sino-Russia Cooperation and Competition on Central Asia after 9/11: An Analytical Study”, Journal of European Studies – JES, S.37(1), ss.80-91.
  • OLIPHANT, Craig (2013), “RUSSIA: Russia’s Role And Interests in Central Asia”, Briefing, Saferworld Publisher, London (UK).
  • OMELICHEVA, Mariya Y. (2018), “Russia's Foreign Policy in Central Asia”, Routledge Handbook of Russian Foreign Policy (Ed. Andrei P.Tsygankov), Routledge Publisher, Oxfordshire (UK), ss.325-337.
  • PETROV, Georgy (2013), “Central Asia the Caucasus”, Journal of Social and Political Studies, S.14(4) , ss.145-157.
  • SELIM, Mohamed El-Sayed, 2020 ’’The Strategic Importance of the Islamic Central Asian Countries and the Dimensions of International Competition in the Region”, Symposium on the Future of Arab Relations with the Islamic Republics in Central Asia, Institute for Diplomatic Studies,
  • SHARIFZADA, Khamza (2019), “To Russia Or Turkey? A Central Asia Migrant Worker’s Big Choice”, The Diplomat (E-Article), 2 January 2019, https://thediplomat.com/2019/01/To-Russia-Or-Turkey-A-Central-Asian-Migrant-Workers-Big-Choice/ (Date of Access: 03.08.2022).
  • WHEELER, Geoffrey (1964), The Modern History of Soviet Central Asia, ,Frederick A. Praeger Publisher, New York (US).
  • WHEELER, Thomas (2013), “TURKEY: Turkey’s Role And Interests In Central Asia”, Briefing, Saferworld Publisher, London (UK), https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/172943/turkeys-role-and-interests-in-central-asia.pdf (Date of Access: 03.08.2022).

Turkey and Russia in Central Asia after 2003: The Shift from a Strategy of Competition and Conflict to a Strategy of Cooperation and Partnership

Year 2022, Volume: 5 Issue: 3, 499 - 509, 31.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.1216094

Abstract

After the end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the emergence of newly independent states in the Caucasus and Central Asia, forced Turkey and Russia to restructure the their regional and international security policies. Since the Erdogan took power in 2002 and Putin took power in 2000, Turkey and Russia have been interacting with this transitional geography, with a complex set of economic, political, and cultural relations, each trying to take a proactive stance in the regional political approach to solving the problems between them. This study discusses the principles of Turkey's grand strategy in the Central Asian region from a descriptive and normative point of view and then proceeds to define and compare it with Russia's main strategies in the same region. While there are some clear conflicts between Turkey and the Russians in Central Asia and beyond, there are no military conflicts between the two powers. In addition, we will discuss through the study the need for both Turkey and Russia to develop a new, practical, and realistic plan regarding the Central Asian region, in order to combine their normative viewpoint with the reality of the region. The study asserts that in order to strengthen cultural, economic, and political relations with the region, the necessary structural and institutional conditions must first be created.

References

  • ABBASI, Addel (2007), "Russian Policy Towards Independent Islamic Republics: Opportunities and Limitations", PhD Thesis, University of Algiers, Algiers.
  • ABENSTEIN, Jessica (2007), Russian Foreign Policy Strategy Towards Central Asia, Oxy Scholar.
  • AKÇADAĞ ALAGÖZ, Emine (2021), “Turkey’s Own ‘Pivot to Asia’: A Neoclassical Realist Analysis”, Asia Europe Journal, S.19, ss.291–307.
  • AL-NAELI, Hocine Khadem (2017), The Russian Federation and the Future of Global Strategic Balance, Arab House of Sciences Publishers, Beirut (Lebanon).
  • AL-SAAD, Mouhamed Nadjib (2020), “Central Asia... an Arena of International Conflict and Competition”, Algerian Encyclopedia of Political and Strategic Studies (E-Article), https://www.politics-dz.com/ (Date of Access: 03.08.2022).
  • AL-TAYEE, Mouhamed Ben selman (2015), “Central Asia: A Zone of Conflict and International Competition”, Al-Watan Newspaper (Sultanate Of Oman), 12 September 2015.
  • ARAFAT, Ibrahim (2007), “Central Asia International Competition in a Closed Area”, International Politics Magazine, S.12, ss 160-168.
  • AREF, Al Obidi Hocine (1992), “Regional Identity the Islamic Republics of Central Asia”, Journal of Political Science, S.15.
  • BAEV, Pavel (2010), Military Power and Energy Politics: Putin and the Quest for Russian Greatness, The United Arab Emirates: The Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research Publisher, Abu Dabi (BAE).
  • BAKR, Mouhamed Rachid-Boudour (2016), The Regional Position of Turkey until the Year 2020: A Prospective Study, Arab House of Science Publishers, Beirut (Lebanon).
  • BRITANNICA, Encyclopedia (1823), Arts, Science, and Miscellaneous Literature, Enlarged and Improved, Archibald Constable and Company Publisher, London (UK), The Sixth Edition.
  • ÇİÇEK, Oğuzhan (2019), “Turkish Foreign Policy in Post Cold War Era”, Lecture Notes, Ankara Hacı Bayram Veli Üniversitesi İİBF Uluslararasi İlişkiler Bölümü, Ankara, ss.1-6.
  • DAVUTOĞU, Ahmet (2014), Strategic Depth: Turkey's International Position, Kure Publisher, İstanbul.
  • DINA, Malysheva (2015), “Turkey in Central Asia: Partnership or Rivalry?”, RIAC – Russian International Affairs Council (E-Article), 16 March 2015, https://russiancouncil.ru/en/analytics-and-comments/analytics/russia-and-turkey-in-central-asia-partnership-or-rivalry/ https://russiancouncil.ru/En/Analytics-Andcomments/Analytics/Russia-And-Turkey-In-Central-Asia-Partnership-Or-Rivalry/ (Date of Access: 03.08.2022).
  • DUARTE, Paulo (2014), “Turkey Vis-À-Vis Central Asia: A Geostrategic Assessment”, Alternatives Turkish Journal of International Relations, S.13(3), ss.31-40.
  • EL-IMARA, Lama Madher (2005), Internal and External Variables in the Russian Federation and Their Impact, The United Arab Emirates: Emirates Center for Strategic Studies and Research Publisher, Abu Dabi (BAE).
  • EREN, Erdem (2017), “Şangay İşbirliği Örgütü ve Türk Dış Politikasında Gelecek Perspektifi”, Strategic Public Management Journal, S.3(5), ss.77-94.
  • HAMZAOĞLU, Halit (2022), “Turkey-Uzbekistan Relations: Strategic Cooperation and Partnership”, International Journal of Social Sciences, S.6(2), ss.313-329.
  • HUSSEIN, Hafiz Taleeb (2012), “New Changes in the Policy of the Russian Federation towards the Central Asian Region”, Journal of the College of Education for Women, S.23(8), ss.434-437.
  • JAVAID, Faisal (2021), “Impact of Sino-Russia Cooperation and Competition on Central Asia after 9/11: An Analytical Study”, Journal of European Studies – JES, S.37(1), ss.80-91.
  • OLIPHANT, Craig (2013), “RUSSIA: Russia’s Role And Interests in Central Asia”, Briefing, Saferworld Publisher, London (UK).
  • OMELICHEVA, Mariya Y. (2018), “Russia's Foreign Policy in Central Asia”, Routledge Handbook of Russian Foreign Policy (Ed. Andrei P.Tsygankov), Routledge Publisher, Oxfordshire (UK), ss.325-337.
  • PETROV, Georgy (2013), “Central Asia the Caucasus”, Journal of Social and Political Studies, S.14(4) , ss.145-157.
  • SELIM, Mohamed El-Sayed, 2020 ’’The Strategic Importance of the Islamic Central Asian Countries and the Dimensions of International Competition in the Region”, Symposium on the Future of Arab Relations with the Islamic Republics in Central Asia, Institute for Diplomatic Studies,
  • SHARIFZADA, Khamza (2019), “To Russia Or Turkey? A Central Asia Migrant Worker’s Big Choice”, The Diplomat (E-Article), 2 January 2019, https://thediplomat.com/2019/01/To-Russia-Or-Turkey-A-Central-Asian-Migrant-Workers-Big-Choice/ (Date of Access: 03.08.2022).
  • WHEELER, Geoffrey (1964), The Modern History of Soviet Central Asia, ,Frederick A. Praeger Publisher, New York (US).
  • WHEELER, Thomas (2013), “TURKEY: Turkey’s Role And Interests In Central Asia”, Briefing, Saferworld Publisher, London (UK), https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/172943/turkeys-role-and-interests-in-central-asia.pdf (Date of Access: 03.08.2022).
There are 27 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects International Relations
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hüsamettin İnaç 0000-0002-6922-2010

Aymene Hadji 0000-0003-3564-7077

Publication Date December 31, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 5 Issue: 3

Cite

APA İnaç, H., & Hadji, A. (2022). Turkey and Russia in Central Asia after 2003: The Shift from a Strategy of Competition and Conflict to a Strategy of Cooperation and Partnership. Uluslararası Yönetim Akademisi Dergisi, 5(3), 499-509. https://doi.org/10.33712/mana.1216094

Creative Commons Lisansı
This work (journal) is lisenced under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivative 4.0 International License.