Revisiting the Debates on the 2010 Constitutional Referendum in Turkey: Democratic Transition or Authoritarian Populism?

Year 2024, , 153 - 174, 05.10.2024

İrem Taşçıoğlu

https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.1410719

Abstract

This article revisits the scholarly debates on the AKP’s constitutional amendment package that was put to vote in the 2010 Constitutional Referendum. It takes the democratic theorist Andrew Arato and constitutional scholar Aslı Bali as major representatives of the two opposing views on the political implications of the reform proposal. It compares and contrasts their arguments particularly in light of their different assessments of the amendments which concern the restructuring of the judiciary, especially the Turkish Constitutional Court. It argues that their fundamental controversy with regard to the democratic or authoritarian nature of these amendments is rooted in the contrast between Bali’s predominantly contextual and Arato’s predominantly global approach. While Bali affirms the reform proposal as a democratic step forward in transcending the persistent legacy of the Kemalist authoritarian “tutelary” regime represented by the Constitutional Court, Arato interprets it as a manifestation of the global populist-authoritarian retreat that is expresses itself most visibly through assaults against the independent judiciary. After a critical reading of these two approaches, this paper finalizes by way of introducing a new framework that would counterbalance the contextual with the global and vice versa that would arguably provide a new perspective through which one could unveil the particular characteristics of the AKP’s populist constitutional politics at the time of the Referendum.

Keywords

2010 Constitutional Referendum, Turkish Constitutional Court, Judiciary, Populism, Liberal Democracy, Kemalism

Türkiye 2010 Anayasa Referendumu Tartışmalarına Yeniden Dönmek: Demokratik Geçiş mi Otoriter Popülizm mi?

Abstract

Bu makale 2010 Anayasa Referandumu’nda oylamaya sunulan anayasa değişiklik paketi üzerine yapılan bilimsel tartışmalara geri döner. Demokratik teorisyen Andrew Arato ve anayasa profesörü Aslı Bali’yi bu paketin siyasal içerimlerine dair iki zıt görüşün başlıca temsilcileri olarak ele alır. Onların fikirlerini yargının, özellikle Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin yeniden yapılandırılmasını ilgilendiren anayasa değişikliklerine yaklaşımları ışığında karşılaştırır. Bu makale, bu değişikliklerin demokratik veya otoriter doğasına ilişkin ihtilafın, Bali’nin (ağırlıklı olarak) bağlamsal ve Arato’nun (ağırlıklı olarak) küresel yaklaşım biçimleri arasındaki farktan kaynaklandığını iddia eder. Buna göre, Bali, değişiklikleri Anayasa Mahkemesi’nin temsil ettiği Kemalist otoriter “vesayetçi” rejimin süreklilik teşkil eden mirasının aşılması yönünde önemli bir adım olarak olumlarken, Arato, aynı değişiklikleri en belirgin olarak bağımsız yargıya yönelik saldırılarda ifadesini bulan küresel bir otoriter-popülist “geri çekilme”nin tezahürü olarak değerlendirir. Bu makale, bu iki yaklaşım biçimine yönelik eleştirel bir değerlendirmeden sonra, Referandum döneminde AKP’nin anayasa siyasetinin özgül niteliklerini kavramak için küresel ve bağlamsal yaklaşımları birbirine karşı dengeleyen yeni bir çerçeve sunarak sonlanır.

Keywords

2010 Anayasa Referandumu, Anayasa Mahkemesi, Yargı, Popülizm, Liberal Demokrasi, Kemalizm

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