Pandemiyi Tartışmak: Ekoloji, Neoliberalizm ve Kriz Yönetimi

Year 2021, , 1 - 21, 17.11.2021

Cemil Yıldızcan , Cihan Özpınar

https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.935396

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Dünyayı bütünüyle etkisi altına alan ve neredeyse eşzamanlı bir şekilde farklı coğrafi, siyasi, ekonomik, toplumsal ve kültürel bağlamlarda farklı etkiler ve tepkiler yaratan Covid-19 pandemisi, yerküreyi büyük bir toplum bilimleri laboratuvarına dönüştürdü. Bu süreç, salgınla tetiklenen bir sağlık krizi ile başlasa da kısa zamanda toplumsal yaşamın bütün alanlarında karmaşık etkileri görünen bir toplumsal krize evrildi. Salgının ikinci yılına girilirken, pandemiyi meydana getiren dinamiklerden insan, doğa ve toplumsal düzen arasındaki ilişkinin niteliğine, pandeminin özgül ve genelleştirilebilir sonuçlarından pandemi yönetiminin teknik, siyasi, ekonomik, ideolojik ve kültürel boyutlarına dek toplum bilimlerini ilgilendiren pek çok bağlamda gündeme gelen sorgulamalar şimdiden oldukça geniş bir literatür oluşturdurdu. Devlet aygıtları başta olmak üzere farklı ölçeklerdeki (küresel, ulusal, bölgesel ya da yerel) kurumlar ve insan topluluklarının, birbirleri arasındaki ve kendi içlerindeki değişen ilişkileri, aksiyonları ve reaksiyonları toplum bilimlerinin farklı kavramsal araçları ve yöntemleri ile ele almaya çalışan bu literatür farklı epistemolojik ve ontolojik problemlerden hareket etti. Bu makale, oldukça geniş ve kaotik görünen bu literatürün dayandığı kimi anahtar niteliğindeki temaları ve sorunsalları incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

Covid-19, ekolojik kriz, neoliberalizm, meşruiyet krizi, kriz yönetimi

References

• Agamben, G. (2020) The Invention of an Epidemic. European Journal of Psychoanalysis, 26 Şubat, URL: https://www.journal-psychoanalysis.eu/coronavirus-and-philosophers/.
• Appadurai, A. (2020) The COVID exception. Social Anthropology, 28(2): 221–2.
• Baschet, J. (2021) Basculements: Mondes émergents, possibles désirables. Paris: La Découverte.
• BBC (2020) Coronavirus in Africa: five reasons why Covid-19 has been less deadly than elsewhere. 7 Ekim, erişim: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-54418613.
• Birn, A. (2020) Perspectivizing pandemics: (how) do epidemic histories criss-cross contexts? Journal of Global History, 15(3), 336-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1740022820000327.
• Blakeley, G. (2020) The Corona Crush: How the Pandemic Will Change Capitalism. Londra: Verso.
• Bouckaert, G., Galli, D., Kuhlmann, S., Reiter, R., ve Van Hecke, S. (2020). European coronationalism? A hot spot governing a pandemic crisis. Public Administration Review, 80(5), 765-73.
• Brenner, R. (2006) The Economics of Global Turbulence: The Advanced Capitalist Economies from Long Boom to Long Downturn, 1945–2005. Londra: Verso.
• Brenner, R. (2020) Escalating Plunder. New Left Review II/123, 5–22.
• Brenner, R. (2021) From Capitalism to Feudalism? Decline, Predation, and the Transformation of U.S. Politics. Lund Üniversitesi Tarih Bölümü’nün ev sahipliği yaptığı webiner. 6 Nisan.
• Condon, R. (2021) The Coronavirus Crisis and the Legitimation Crisis of Neoliberalism. European Societies 23 (özel sayı 1), S805–S816.
• Crutzen, P. J. ve Stoermer, E. F. (2000) The Anthropocene. IGBP Global Change Newsletter 41, 17-18. URL: http://www.igbp.net/download/18.316f18321323470177580001401/1376383088452/NL41.pdf.
• Esposito, R. (2020) Cured to the bitter end. European Journal of Psychoanalysis, 28 Şubat, URL:https://www.journal-psychoanalysis.eu/on-pandemics-nancy-esposito-nancy/.
• Foster, J. B. (2000) Marx’s Ecology. New York: Monthly Review Press.
• Fung, A. ve Wright, E.O. (2001) Deepening Democracy: Innovations in Empowered Participatory Governance. Politics & Society 29(1), 5–42, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0032329201029001002.
• Green, M. H. (2020) Emerging diseases, re‐emerging histories. Centaurus, 62(2), 234-47.
• Güngen, A.R. (2021) Turkey’s Public Banks amid the Covid-19 Pandemic. McDonald, Marois ve Barrowclough (2021) içinde, 333–52.
• Hanson, J.K. ve Sigman, R. (2015) Leviathan’s Latent Dimensions, APSA Yıllık Toplantısı 2011, son revizyon 7 Ağustos 2015, erişim: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1899933.
• Haraway, D.J. (2016) Staying with the trouble: Anthropocene, Capitalocene, Chthulucene. Anthropocene or Capitalocene?: Nature, History and the Crisis of Capitalism içinde, der. Moore, J.W., Oakland, CA: PM Press, 34-76.
• Harvey, D. (2020) Anti-capitalist politics in the time of COVID-19. Jacobin, 20 Mart. URL: https://jacobinmag.com/2020/03/david-harvey-coronavirus-political-economy-disruptions
• IMF (2021) Fiscal Monitor Database of Country Fiscal Measures in Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic, Database of Fiscal Policy Responses to COVID-19, Ocak, URL: https://www.imf.org/en/Topics/imf-and-covid19/Fiscal-Policies-Database-in-Response-to-COVID-19.
• Kelman I. (2020) COVID-19: what is the disaster?. Social anthropology: the journal of the European Association of Social Anthropologists 28(2), 296-7, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-8676.12890.
• Kılıç, S. (2020) Does COVID-19 as a Long Wave Turning Point Mean the End of Neoliberalism? Critical Sociology, erken görünüm, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920520980083.
• Lapavitsas, C (2020). This Crisis Has Exposed the Absurdities of Neoliberalism. That Doesn’t Mean It’ll Destroy It. Jacobin, 27 Mart, URL: https://www.jacobinmag.com/2020/03/coronavirus-pandemic-great-recession-neoliberalism
• Leng, A. ve Lemahieu, H. (2021) Covid Performance Index: Deconstructing Pandemic Responses, Lowy Enstitüsü, erişim: https://interactives.lowyinstitute.org/features/covid-performance/.
• Malm, A. (2020). Corona, Climate, Chronic Emergency: War Communism in the Twenty-First Century. Londra: Verso [ePub formatlı elektronik kitap].
• Malm, A., Hornborg, A. (2014). The geology of mankind? A critique of the Anthropocene narrative. The Anthropocene Review, 1(1), 62-69.
• Manzanedo, R. ve Manning, P. (2020). COVID‐19: Lessons for the climate change emergency. Science of the Total Environment, 742, 140563.
• McDonald, D. A., Marois, T. ve Barrowclough, D., der. (2021) Public Banks and COVID-19: Combatting the Pandemic with Public Finance. Kingston, Cenevre ve Brüksel: Municipal Services Project, UNCTAD ve Eurodad. URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1974/28139.
• Offe, C. (1974) Structural Problems of the Capitalist State: Class Rule and the Political System. On the Selectiveness of Political Institutions. German Political Studies, cilt 1 içinde, der. Von Beyme, Sage, 31-54.
• Offe, C. (1976) Crises of crisis management: Elements of a political crisis theory. International Journal of Politics 6(3), 29-67.
• Piketty, T. (2015) The Economics of Inequality. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
• Piketty, T., Saez, E. ve Zucman, G. (2018) Distributional National Accounts: Methods and Estimates for the United States. The Quarterly Journal of Economics 133(2), 553–609, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjx043.
• Reagan, R. (1981). Government is not the solution to our problem; government is the problem. Inaugural presidential address, 20 Ocak, URL: https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/reagan1.asp.
• Revet, S. (2020). Le Covid-19, catastrophe naturelle? Entretien. Sciences Po Centre de Recherches Internationales, 20 Nisan, URL: https://www.sciencespo.fr/ceri/fr/content/le-covid-19-catastrophe-naturelle-entretien.html.
• Riley, D. (2020) Faultlines: Political Logics of the US Party System. New Left Review II/126, 35–50. Robinson, W.I. (2020) Global Capitalism Post-Pandemic. Race & Class 62(2), 3–13, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0306396820951999.
• Rodrik D. (2020) Will COVID-19 remake the world? Project Syndicate, 6 Nisan, URL: https://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/will-covid19-remake-the-world-by-dani-rodrik-2020-04.
• Saad-Filho, A. (2020a) From COVID-19 to the End of Neoliberalism. Critical Sociology 46(4–5), 477–85, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0896920520929966.
• Saad-Filho, A. (2020b) Endgame: from crisis in neoliberalism to crises of neoliberalism. Human Geography 14(1), 133–37, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1942778620962026.
• Saez, E. ve Zucman, G. (2020) The Rise of Income and Wealth Inequality in America: Evidence from Distributional Macroeconomic Accounts. Journal of Economic Perspectives 34(4), 3–26, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.34.4.3.
• Sharp, H. (2020). Not all Humans: Radical Criticism of the Anthropocene Narrative. Environmental Philosophy, 17(1), 143-58.
• Steffen, W., Crutzen, P. J. ve McNeill, J.R. (2007). The Anthropocene: Are humans now overwhelming the great forces of Nature? Ambio 36, 614–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1579/0044-7447
• Swyngedouw, E. (2019). The Anthropo(obs)cene. Keywords in Radical Geography: Antipode at 50 içinde, der. The Antipode Editorial Collective, Hoboken: Wiley Blackwell, 253–8.
• Thomson, S. ve Ip, E. C. (2020). COVID-19 emergency measures and the impending authoritarian pandemic. Journal of Law and the Biosciences 7(1), 1-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jlb/lsaa064.
• Wallace, R., Liebman, A., Chaves, L. F. ve Wallace, R. (2020) COVID-19 and Circuits of Capital. Monthly Review 72(1), 1-13.
• World Trade Organization (2021) World trade primed strong but uneven recovery after COVID-19 pandemic shock. WTO Press Release 876. 31 Mart. Son erişim: 11 Nisan 2021. URL: https://www.wto.org/english/news_e/pres21_e/pr876_e.pdf.