Research Article
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Women’s Political Participation and Representation in Bosnia and Herzegovina: General Elections 2014 and 2018

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 27 - 42, 30.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.712277

Abstract

This paper aims to introduce readers to the changes and transformations of gender political equality in Bosnia and Herzegovina and their impact on the legal and institutional framework. A brief survey of major changes and transformation will demonstrate to what extent the position of women’s political participation and representation has improved in the past two decades? That is why the goal of this paper is to examine and analyze the participation and election of women to the executive and legislative bodies at the state, entity and cantonal level in the last two parliamentary and presidential elections held in 2014 and 2018 respectively. Then, the comparative analysis of the elections will clearly show statistical gaps between male and female electoral lists nominees and obtained mandates among male and female nominees and mandates across parliamentary, state and entities levels. Thus, the research will analyze gender quotas based on electoral law and obtained mandates among female candidates. Such analysis will demonstrate to what extent female candidates have moved from mere participation in the elections to the level of political representation by obtaining mandates across different governance levels. For testing the main research objectives on the degree of women’s political participation and representation, the researchers used the data from the Central Election Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina (www. izbori.ba). Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used to present the data regarding women’s political participation and representation in General Elections 2014 and 2018.

References

  • Action Plan for the Implementation of UNSCR 1325 in Bosnia and Herzegovina 2010-2013. Available at https://www.peacewomen.org/sites/default/files/bosniaherzegovina_nationalactionplan_2010.pdf
  • Action Plan for the Implementation of UNSCR 1325 in Bosnia and Herzegovina 2014-2017. Available at https://arsbih.gov.ba/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/AP_1325_za_web.pdf
  • Action Plan for the Implementation of UNSCR 1325 in Bosnia and Herzegovina 2018-2022. Available at https://arsbih.gov.ba/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/GAP-BiH-2018-2022_B.pdf
  • Aganović, A., Miftari, E., and Veličković, M. (2015). 1995 – 2015 Women and Political Life in Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sarajevo: Sarajevo Open Centre.
  • Alađuz, Dž. (2015). Analiza programskih dokumenata parlamentarnih stranaka u BiH iz rodne perspective. Sarajevo: Infohouse.
  • Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, 27 October 1995. Available at https://www.refworld.org/ docid/3dde04324.html
  • Bečić, E., & Alađuz, Dz. (2015). Žene u politici – Da li je veličina važna? (Analiza načina izvještavanja štampanih medija o kandidatkinjama na Općim izborima 2014. godine u Bosni i Hercegovini tokom predizborne kampanje). Sarajevo: Udruženje Infohouse. Available at http://ba.boell.org/sites/default/ files/zene_u_politici_-_da_il_je_velicina_vazna_-_mail-web.pdf
  • Berry, E. M. (2018). War, Women and Power: From Violence to Mobilization in Rwanda and Bosnia – Herzegovina. Cambridge: University Press.
  • Borić, B. (2005). “Application of Quotas: Legal Reforms and Implementation in Bosnia & Herzegovina” in Ballington J. and Francensca B. (eds.,) The Implementation of Quotas: European Experiences. Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, pp.38-43.
  • Burnet, J. (2012). “Women’s Empowerment and Cultural Change in Rwanda.” In Susan Franceschet, Mona Lena Krook, Jennifer M. Piscopo (Eds.). The Impact of Gender Quotas. Oxford University Press. Central Election Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina (CIK). Available at www.izbori.ba
  • Dayton Peace Agreement, General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 21 November 1995. Available at https://www.refworld.org/docid/3de495c34.html
  • Election Law of Bosnia and Herzegovina, “Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina,” No. 23/1, Article 9.8 (2) and No. 31/16, Article 29.
  • Gender Action Plan for BiH (2006-2011). Available at https://arsbih.gov.ba/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/006-
  • Gender-Action-Plan-of-Bosnia-and-Herzegovina.pdfGender Action Plan (2013-2017). Available at https://arsbih.gov.ba/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/GAP_BIH_ENGLISH.pdf
  • Irvine, J. A. (2013). “Leveraging change: Women’s organizations and the implementation of UNSCR 1325 in the Balkans,” International Feminist Journal of Politics, 15(1): 20-38. Law on Gender Equality in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina, No. 16/03,102/09 and 32/10). Available at https://arsbih.gov.ba/wpcontent/uploads/2014/02/GEL_32_10_E.pdf
  • Manjima Bhattacharjya, et al. (2013). “Why Gender Matters in Activism: Feminism and Social JusticeMovements.” Gender & Development. 21(2), pp. 277–293.
  • Miftari, E. (2015). Politička participacija žena u Bosni i Hercegovini: Analiza učešća žena na stranačkim listama i konačnih rezultata općih izbora 2014. Sarajevo: Fondacija CURE, Sarajevski otvoreni centar.
  • Mirović, D., Hadžić, I., and Miftari, E. (2015). Godišnji izvještaj o stanju ljudskih prava žena u Bosni i Hercegovini u 2014.godini. Sarajevo: Sarajevski otvoreni centar.
  • Mulalic, M. (2011). “Women’s NGOs and Civil Society Building in Bosnia-Herzegovina,” Epiphany: Journal of Transdisciplinary Studies, 4(1), pp. 40-55.
  • Osmanović, A. (2015). Zastupljenost žena u politici – Istraživanje – Hrvatska, Srbija, Crna Gora, Makedonijai BiH. Sarajevo: Infohouse. Simić, O. (2015). “Gender (in)equality in Bosnia and Herzegovina: One step forwards, two steps back,” in S.
  • P. Ramet and C. Hassenstab (eds). Gender (In)equality and Gender Politics in Southeastern Europe: A Question of Justice (Gender and Politics). London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 87-107.
  • Veličković, M. (2014). Stranke, izbori, parlamenti: Žene u politici u Bosni i Hercegovini. Priča u brojkama. Sarajevo: Sarajevski otvoreni centar.

Bosna Hersek'te Kadınların Siyasal Hayata Katılımı ve Temsil Edilmesi: 2014 ve 2018 Genel Seçimleri

Year 2020, Volume: 8 Issue: 1, 27 - 42, 30.03.2020
https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.712277

Abstract

Bu makale, okuyucularına; Bosna Hersek’te toplumsal cinsiyet eşitliğinin değişim ve dönüşüm süreçleri ile beraber bu süreçlerin yasal ve kurumsal çerçeve üzerindeki etkilerini tanıtmayı amaçlamaktadır. Büyük değişiklik ve dönüşümlere bağlı olarak yapılan bu araştırma, kadınların siyasi katılımının ve temsil edilmesinin son yirmi yıllık süreçte ne şekilde geliştiğini örneklerle kanıtlamaya çalışacaktır. Çalışma, ilk olarak 2014 ve 2018 yıllarında yapılan son iki parlamento ve cumhurbaşkanlığı seçimlerinde kadınların devlet, tüzel kişilik ve kanton düzeyinde ki yürütme ve yasama organlarına katılımını ve seçimlerini inceleyecektir. Daha sonra ise istatistiksel verilerdeki farklılıkları, seçimlerin karşılaştırmalı analizini yaparak ve seçim listelerindeki erkek ve kadın adaylar ile bu adaylar tarafından, parlamento, eyalet ve tüzel seviyeler düzeyinde elde edilen görevleri karşılaştırılarak gösterecektir. Buna bağlı olarak, araştırma federal seçim yasası temelinde cinsiyet kotalarını ve kadınlara verilen mazbataları inceleyerek, kadın adayların mazbatadan ziyade ne ölçüde siyasi temsil seviyesine geçtiğini de analiz edecektir. Bu bağlamda, araştırmada kadınların siyasi katılım ve temsil derecelerini test etmek adına Bosna Hersek Merkez Seçim Komisyonu’ndan (www.izbori.ba) elde edilen verileri kullanılmıştır. 2014 ve 2018 Genel Seçimlerinde kadınların siyasi katılımı ve temsiline ilişkin verileri sunmak için hem nitel hem de nicel yöntemler kullanılmıştır.

References

  • Action Plan for the Implementation of UNSCR 1325 in Bosnia and Herzegovina 2010-2013. Available at https://www.peacewomen.org/sites/default/files/bosniaherzegovina_nationalactionplan_2010.pdf
  • Action Plan for the Implementation of UNSCR 1325 in Bosnia and Herzegovina 2014-2017. Available at https://arsbih.gov.ba/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/AP_1325_za_web.pdf
  • Action Plan for the Implementation of UNSCR 1325 in Bosnia and Herzegovina 2018-2022. Available at https://arsbih.gov.ba/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/GAP-BiH-2018-2022_B.pdf
  • Aganović, A., Miftari, E., and Veličković, M. (2015). 1995 – 2015 Women and Political Life in Post-Dayton Bosnia and Herzegovina. Sarajevo: Sarajevo Open Centre.
  • Alađuz, Dž. (2015). Analiza programskih dokumenata parlamentarnih stranaka u BiH iz rodne perspective. Sarajevo: Infohouse.
  • Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action, 27 October 1995. Available at https://www.refworld.org/ docid/3dde04324.html
  • Bečić, E., & Alađuz, Dz. (2015). Žene u politici – Da li je veličina važna? (Analiza načina izvještavanja štampanih medija o kandidatkinjama na Općim izborima 2014. godine u Bosni i Hercegovini tokom predizborne kampanje). Sarajevo: Udruženje Infohouse. Available at http://ba.boell.org/sites/default/ files/zene_u_politici_-_da_il_je_velicina_vazna_-_mail-web.pdf
  • Berry, E. M. (2018). War, Women and Power: From Violence to Mobilization in Rwanda and Bosnia – Herzegovina. Cambridge: University Press.
  • Borić, B. (2005). “Application of Quotas: Legal Reforms and Implementation in Bosnia & Herzegovina” in Ballington J. and Francensca B. (eds.,) The Implementation of Quotas: European Experiences. Stockholm: International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, pp.38-43.
  • Burnet, J. (2012). “Women’s Empowerment and Cultural Change in Rwanda.” In Susan Franceschet, Mona Lena Krook, Jennifer M. Piscopo (Eds.). The Impact of Gender Quotas. Oxford University Press. Central Election Commission of Bosnia and Herzegovina (CIK). Available at www.izbori.ba
  • Dayton Peace Agreement, General Framework Agreement for Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina, 21 November 1995. Available at https://www.refworld.org/docid/3de495c34.html
  • Election Law of Bosnia and Herzegovina, “Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina,” No. 23/1, Article 9.8 (2) and No. 31/16, Article 29.
  • Gender Action Plan for BiH (2006-2011). Available at https://arsbih.gov.ba/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/006-
  • Gender-Action-Plan-of-Bosnia-and-Herzegovina.pdfGender Action Plan (2013-2017). Available at https://arsbih.gov.ba/wp-content/uploads/2014/02/GAP_BIH_ENGLISH.pdf
  • Irvine, J. A. (2013). “Leveraging change: Women’s organizations and the implementation of UNSCR 1325 in the Balkans,” International Feminist Journal of Politics, 15(1): 20-38. Law on Gender Equality in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina, No. 16/03,102/09 and 32/10). Available at https://arsbih.gov.ba/wpcontent/uploads/2014/02/GEL_32_10_E.pdf
  • Manjima Bhattacharjya, et al. (2013). “Why Gender Matters in Activism: Feminism and Social JusticeMovements.” Gender & Development. 21(2), pp. 277–293.
  • Miftari, E. (2015). Politička participacija žena u Bosni i Hercegovini: Analiza učešća žena na stranačkim listama i konačnih rezultata općih izbora 2014. Sarajevo: Fondacija CURE, Sarajevski otvoreni centar.
  • Mirović, D., Hadžić, I., and Miftari, E. (2015). Godišnji izvještaj o stanju ljudskih prava žena u Bosni i Hercegovini u 2014.godini. Sarajevo: Sarajevski otvoreni centar.
  • Mulalic, M. (2011). “Women’s NGOs and Civil Society Building in Bosnia-Herzegovina,” Epiphany: Journal of Transdisciplinary Studies, 4(1), pp. 40-55.
  • Osmanović, A. (2015). Zastupljenost žena u politici – Istraživanje – Hrvatska, Srbija, Crna Gora, Makedonijai BiH. Sarajevo: Infohouse. Simić, O. (2015). “Gender (in)equality in Bosnia and Herzegovina: One step forwards, two steps back,” in S.
  • P. Ramet and C. Hassenstab (eds). Gender (In)equality and Gender Politics in Southeastern Europe: A Question of Justice (Gender and Politics). London: Palgrave Macmillan, pp. 87-107.
  • Veličković, M. (2014). Stranke, izbori, parlamenti: Žene u politici u Bosni i Hercegovini. Priča u brojkama. Sarajevo: Sarajevski otvoreni centar.
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Muhidin Mulalic This is me 0000-0002-5353-655X

Mirsad Karıć This is me 0000-0001-7629-3370

Publication Date March 30, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 8 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Mulalic, M., & Karıć, M. (2020). Women’s Political Participation and Representation in Bosnia and Herzegovina: General Elections 2014 and 2018. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(1), 27-42. https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.712277