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Cihadi Selefiliğin Evreleri: İdeolojik Oluşumda Olgu-Düşünce İlişkisi

Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 472 - 492, 26.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.946927

Abstract

Bu çalışmamızda, altmışlı yıllardan itibaren genelde Müslüman toplumları ve özelde ise Siyasal İslami hareketleri doğrudan etkileyen İslam dünyasında vuku bulmuş bazı dini, siyasi ve askeri gelişmeleri ve olguları ana perspektif alarak; kırılma anlarının yaşandığı bu dönemlerde cihadî ideologlar olarak kabul edilen kimselerin içinde bulundukları krizlere reaksiyon olarak ürettiği ve dönemin temsil kabiliyetini haiz ana metinleri kronolojik olarak incelemek suretiyle cihadi selefi ideolojinin oluşumunun izini sürmeye çalıştık. Böylece cihâdî düşünceye dair zaman içinde üretilen temaların her birinin büyük oranda İslam dünyasını ve Müslüman toplumu bir şekilde etkileyen harici veya dahili kaynaklı olgularla bağlantılı olduğunu göstermeye çalıştık. Bu çalışmadaki temel amacımız, ilk kez 19.yüzyılda, İslam dünyasının içinde bulunduğu krize bir reçete olarak sunulun İslamcılık düşüncesinin ve bağımsızlık sonrası dönemde de bu düşünce üzerine aksiyon kazanan İslami hareketin bir sapması olarak üretilen cihâdî düşüncenin, söz konusu olgularla bağlantılı olarak ortaya çıktığını, olgunlaştığını, evrildiğini ve kontrolden çıkmak suretiyle şiddete savrularak terörize olduğunu göstermeye çalışmaktır.

References

  • Al-Lībī, A. 2006. Al-Tatarrus fī al-jihād al-muʿāsir [Human shields in modern jihad]. http://ia600306.us.archive.org/29/items/kotobmohemmah/tatross.pdf
  • Al-Maqdisī, A. 1985. Millah Ibrāhīm wa daʿwa al-anbiyāʾ wa-l-mursalīn [The Religion of Abraham and the Mission of Prophets and Messengers]. http://www.ilmway.com/site/maqdis/MS_20383.html
  • Al-Maqdisī, A. 1988. Kashf al-niqāb ʿan sharīʿa al-ghāb [Unveil the law of the jungle]. http://www.ilmway.com/site/maqdis/MS_38438.html
  • Al-Maqdisī, A. 2000. Al-Kawāshif al-jaliyya fī kufr al-dawla al-Suʿūdiyya [The Obvious Proofs of the Infidelity of the Saudi State]. http://www.ilmway.com/site/maqdis/MS_65.html
  • Al-Sūrī, A. 2004a. Daʿwat al-muqāwamat al-islāmiyyat al-ʿālamiyyah-I [The Call for global Islamic resistance]. http://www.ilmway.com/site/maqdis/MS_808.html
  • Al-Sūrī, A. 2004b. Daʿwat al-muqāwamat al-islāmiyyat al-ʿālamiyyah-II [The Call for global Islamic resistance]. http://www.ilmway.com/site/maqdis/MS_808.html
  • Al-Zawāhirī, A. 1996. Shifāʾ ṣudūr al-muʾminīn [Healing of the Breast of the Believers]. http://www.ilmway.com/site/maqdis/MS_13066.html
  • Al-Zawāhirī, A. 2001. Fursān taht rāyat al-nabī [Knights under the prophet’s banner]. http://www.ilmway.com/site/maqdis/MS_874.html
  • Al-Zawāhirī, A. n.d. Al-Tabriʾah [ The Disavowal]. http://www.ilmway.com/site/maqdis/MS_19754
  • Al-Zawāhirī, A. 2002. Al-Walāʾ wa-l-barāʾ: ʿaqīda manqūla wa wāqiʿ mafqūd [Loyalty and disavowal]. http://www.ilmway.com/site/maqdis/MS_20361.html
  • Azzām, A. 1989a. Al-Difāʿ ʿan arādī al-muslimīn ahamm furūd al-aʿyā [Defence of the Muslim Lands: The First Obligation after Faith]. Peshawar: Maktab al-khadamāt.
  • Azzām, A. 1989b. Āyāt al-Raḥmān fī jihād al-Afghān [The Signs of the Merciful in the jihad of the Afghan]. Islamabad: Dār al-Amān.
  • Azzām, A. 1987. Ilḥaq bi-al-qāfilah, [Join the carawan]. http://www.ilmway.com/site/maqdis/MS_10191.html
  • Azzām, A. 2007. Tevbe Suresi Tefsiri [Interpretation of Surah at-Tawbah]. Istanbul: Buruc Yay.
  • Barclay, J. 2010. “At-Tatarrus: al-Qaeda’s Justification for Killing Muslim Civilians.” Terrorism Monitor, 8 (34): 6-9.
  • Berner, B. K. ed. 2007. Jihad: Bin Laden in His Own Words. Declarations, Interviews, and Speeches. New Delhi: Peacock Books.
  • Bin Laden, O. 2007. “Declaration of the World Islamic Front for Jihad Against the Jews and Crusaders.” In Jihad: Bin Laden in His Own Words. Declarations, Interviews, and Speeches, edited by Brad K. Berner, 66-69. New Delhi: Peacock Books.
  • Bin Lādin, U. 1996. Iʿlān al-jihād ʿalā al-amrīkān al-muḥtallīn li-bilād al-ḥaramayn: akhrijū al-mushrikīn min jazīra al-ʿarab [Declaration of jihad against the Americans occupying the Land of the Two Holy Places]. https://archive.org/details/usama_doc_all
  • Cruickshank, P. & Hage Ali, M. 2007. “Abu Musab Al Suri: Architect of the New Al Qaeda.” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 30 (1): 1-14.
  • Faraj, A. 1991. “Al-Farīḍa al-ghāʾiba” [The Neglected Duty]. In Al-Nabīʾ al-musallaḥ: al-rāfiḍūn, edited by Rifʿat Sayyid Ahmad, 127-149. London: Riad el-Rayyes Books.
  • Gerges, F. 2005. The Far Enemy: Why Jihad Went Global. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Gerges, F. 2011. The Rise and Fall of al-Qaeda. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Hegghammer, T. 2010. Jihad in Saudi Arabia: Violence and Pan-Islamism since 1979. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hegghammer, T. 2006. “Global Jihadism After the Iraq War.” The Middle East Journal, 60 (1): 11-32.
  • Lia, B. 2007. “Abu Mus‘ab al-Suri’s Critique of Hard Line Salafists in the Jihadist Current.” CTC Sentinel, 1 (1): 1-4.
  • Lia, B. 2009. Architect of global jihad: The life of Al Qaeda strategist Abu Mus‘ab al-Suri. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Mercan, M. H. 2019. Müslüman Kardeşlerin Yüskelişi ve Düşüşü: İslami Hareketlerde Siyasi Kurumsallaşma Sorunu [The Rising and Fall of the Muslim Brotherhood: The Problem of Political Institutionalization in Islamic Movements]. Istanbu: ILEM.
  • Quṭb, S. 1979. Al-Maʿālim fī al-tarīk. [Milestones]. Cairo: Dār al-Shurūq.
  • Sariyyah, S. 1991. “Risāla al-īmān” [Tract of faith]. In Al-Nabīʾ al-musallaḥ: al-rāfiḍūn, edited by Rifʿat Sayyid Ahmad, 31-53. London: Riad el-Rayyes Books.
  • Wagemakers, J. 2012. A Quietist Jihadi: The Ideology and Influence of Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Zollner, B. H. E. 2009. The Muslim Brotherhood: Hasan al-Hudaybi and Ideology. London & New York: Routledge.

The Ages of Jihadi Salafism: A Dual Exchange of Ideas and Contexts in Ideological Formation

Year 2021, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 472 - 492, 26.09.2021
https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.946927

Abstract

In this study I try to trace the ideological formation of jihadi Salafism through a chronological survey of the foundational texts, which were penned by people, who were regarded as ideologues of jihadi Salafism, in the form of reaction pieces to the conjuncture they were set against. I argue in this article that there is a strong connection between some religious, political, and military developments and facts, internal or external in origin, that influenced the Muslim world and each major theme of jihadi thought that went into circulation over time. The main objective of this article is to demonstrate that the jihadi ideology, generated as an anomaly of the mainstream Islamic movement in the post-independence period, emerged interrelated with the facts and developments aforementioned above, matured, developed, and became a terrorist movement. The study’s coverage is the course of jihadism from the 1960s to 2006 when ISIS began to take form.

References

  • Al-Lībī, A. 2006. Al-Tatarrus fī al-jihād al-muʿāsir [Human shields in modern jihad]. http://ia600306.us.archive.org/29/items/kotobmohemmah/tatross.pdf
  • Al-Maqdisī, A. 1985. Millah Ibrāhīm wa daʿwa al-anbiyāʾ wa-l-mursalīn [The Religion of Abraham and the Mission of Prophets and Messengers]. http://www.ilmway.com/site/maqdis/MS_20383.html
  • Al-Maqdisī, A. 1988. Kashf al-niqāb ʿan sharīʿa al-ghāb [Unveil the law of the jungle]. http://www.ilmway.com/site/maqdis/MS_38438.html
  • Al-Maqdisī, A. 2000. Al-Kawāshif al-jaliyya fī kufr al-dawla al-Suʿūdiyya [The Obvious Proofs of the Infidelity of the Saudi State]. http://www.ilmway.com/site/maqdis/MS_65.html
  • Al-Sūrī, A. 2004a. Daʿwat al-muqāwamat al-islāmiyyat al-ʿālamiyyah-I [The Call for global Islamic resistance]. http://www.ilmway.com/site/maqdis/MS_808.html
  • Al-Sūrī, A. 2004b. Daʿwat al-muqāwamat al-islāmiyyat al-ʿālamiyyah-II [The Call for global Islamic resistance]. http://www.ilmway.com/site/maqdis/MS_808.html
  • Al-Zawāhirī, A. 1996. Shifāʾ ṣudūr al-muʾminīn [Healing of the Breast of the Believers]. http://www.ilmway.com/site/maqdis/MS_13066.html
  • Al-Zawāhirī, A. 2001. Fursān taht rāyat al-nabī [Knights under the prophet’s banner]. http://www.ilmway.com/site/maqdis/MS_874.html
  • Al-Zawāhirī, A. n.d. Al-Tabriʾah [ The Disavowal]. http://www.ilmway.com/site/maqdis/MS_19754
  • Al-Zawāhirī, A. 2002. Al-Walāʾ wa-l-barāʾ: ʿaqīda manqūla wa wāqiʿ mafqūd [Loyalty and disavowal]. http://www.ilmway.com/site/maqdis/MS_20361.html
  • Azzām, A. 1989a. Al-Difāʿ ʿan arādī al-muslimīn ahamm furūd al-aʿyā [Defence of the Muslim Lands: The First Obligation after Faith]. Peshawar: Maktab al-khadamāt.
  • Azzām, A. 1989b. Āyāt al-Raḥmān fī jihād al-Afghān [The Signs of the Merciful in the jihad of the Afghan]. Islamabad: Dār al-Amān.
  • Azzām, A. 1987. Ilḥaq bi-al-qāfilah, [Join the carawan]. http://www.ilmway.com/site/maqdis/MS_10191.html
  • Azzām, A. 2007. Tevbe Suresi Tefsiri [Interpretation of Surah at-Tawbah]. Istanbul: Buruc Yay.
  • Barclay, J. 2010. “At-Tatarrus: al-Qaeda’s Justification for Killing Muslim Civilians.” Terrorism Monitor, 8 (34): 6-9.
  • Berner, B. K. ed. 2007. Jihad: Bin Laden in His Own Words. Declarations, Interviews, and Speeches. New Delhi: Peacock Books.
  • Bin Laden, O. 2007. “Declaration of the World Islamic Front for Jihad Against the Jews and Crusaders.” In Jihad: Bin Laden in His Own Words. Declarations, Interviews, and Speeches, edited by Brad K. Berner, 66-69. New Delhi: Peacock Books.
  • Bin Lādin, U. 1996. Iʿlān al-jihād ʿalā al-amrīkān al-muḥtallīn li-bilād al-ḥaramayn: akhrijū al-mushrikīn min jazīra al-ʿarab [Declaration of jihad against the Americans occupying the Land of the Two Holy Places]. https://archive.org/details/usama_doc_all
  • Cruickshank, P. & Hage Ali, M. 2007. “Abu Musab Al Suri: Architect of the New Al Qaeda.” Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, 30 (1): 1-14.
  • Faraj, A. 1991. “Al-Farīḍa al-ghāʾiba” [The Neglected Duty]. In Al-Nabīʾ al-musallaḥ: al-rāfiḍūn, edited by Rifʿat Sayyid Ahmad, 127-149. London: Riad el-Rayyes Books.
  • Gerges, F. 2005. The Far Enemy: Why Jihad Went Global. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Gerges, F. 2011. The Rise and Fall of al-Qaeda. New York: Oxford University Press.
  • Hegghammer, T. 2010. Jihad in Saudi Arabia: Violence and Pan-Islamism since 1979. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Hegghammer, T. 2006. “Global Jihadism After the Iraq War.” The Middle East Journal, 60 (1): 11-32.
  • Lia, B. 2007. “Abu Mus‘ab al-Suri’s Critique of Hard Line Salafists in the Jihadist Current.” CTC Sentinel, 1 (1): 1-4.
  • Lia, B. 2009. Architect of global jihad: The life of Al Qaeda strategist Abu Mus‘ab al-Suri. New York: Columbia University Press.
  • Mercan, M. H. 2019. Müslüman Kardeşlerin Yüskelişi ve Düşüşü: İslami Hareketlerde Siyasi Kurumsallaşma Sorunu [The Rising and Fall of the Muslim Brotherhood: The Problem of Political Institutionalization in Islamic Movements]. Istanbu: ILEM.
  • Quṭb, S. 1979. Al-Maʿālim fī al-tarīk. [Milestones]. Cairo: Dār al-Shurūq.
  • Sariyyah, S. 1991. “Risāla al-īmān” [Tract of faith]. In Al-Nabīʾ al-musallaḥ: al-rāfiḍūn, edited by Rifʿat Sayyid Ahmad, 31-53. London: Riad el-Rayyes Books.
  • Wagemakers, J. 2012. A Quietist Jihadi: The Ideology and Influence of Abu Muhammad al-Maqdisi. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
  • Zollner, B. H. E. 2009. The Muslim Brotherhood: Hasan al-Hudaybi and Ideology. London & New York: Routledge.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Political Science
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Nurullah Çakmaktaş 0000-0001-5493-419X

Publication Date September 26, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Çakmaktaş, N. (2021). The Ages of Jihadi Salafism: A Dual Exchange of Ideas and Contexts in Ideological Formation. Marmara Üniversitesi Siyasal Bilimler Dergisi, 9(2), 472-492. https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.946927