19. yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren hız kazanan kolonizasyon faaliyetleri neticesinde Avrupalı devletler; Afrika, Doğu ve Asya üzerinde bir sömürgecilik yarışına girişmiş ve bu bağlamda, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun geniş toprakları, bu devletlerin ilgi alanına giren önemli bir coğrafya olarak öne çıkmıştır. Çeşitli modernleşme faaliyetinin gerçekleştirildiği ve siyasi dengenin düzeltilmesi için ciddi gayretlerin sarf edildiği bu dönemde Osmanlı devleti aydınları, basın yolu ile ifade ettikleri düşüncelerle düzenin iyileştirilmesi ve devlet yapısının tekrar güç kazanması yolunda önemli bir çaba göstermiştir. Bu bakımdan, Yeni Osmanlılar’ın Avrupa’da sürgünde iken yayınladıkları Hürriyet gazetesi, hem dönemin güncel siyasi tarihine ışık tutan bilgiler içermesi hem de Avrupa’nın Doğu politikasına dair detayları yansıtması bakımından önemli bir kaynak konumundadır. Bu gazetedeki makalelerden derlenen verilerden hareketle hazırlanan bu çalışmada, Avrupalı devletlerin Doğu coğrafyasına yönelik politik yaklaşımları incelenmiş ve bu bağlamda, bölge için geliştirdikleri siyasi tasavvur içerisindeki oryantalizm kavramını ilgilendiren unsurlara ışık tutulmaya çalışılmıştır. İkinci ve üçüncü bölümlerde, Yeni Osmanlılar, Hürriyet gazetesi ve Avrupa’nın Doğu siyaseti çerçevesinde yüzyıllar içerisinde gelişen oryantalizm politikası hakkında genel bilgi verilmiştir. Çalışmanın asıl kısmını oluşturulan dördüncü bölümde, Hürriyet gazetesindeki veriler ışığında Avrupa’nın Doğu siyaseti tasavvurunda oryantalizm politikasının görünürlüğü, belirli bir çerçeve etrafında ele alınmıştır.
As a result of the colonization activities that accelerated from the second half of the 19th century, European states embarked on a serious colonial race in Africa, East & Asia. In this context, the vast
lands of the Ottoman Empire came to the fore as important geography that was of interest to these states. In this period, the intellectuals of the Ottoman state made an important effort to improve the existing order and regain the state structure with the thoughts they expressed through the press. In this respect, Hürriyet newspaper, published by the New Ottomans, was an important source both in terms of containing information that sheds light on the current political history of the period and reflecting the details of Europe’s Eastern policy. In this study, the political approaches of the European states toward the Eastern geography were examined in the light of the articles from the book “Opposition in Exile, Hürriyet Newspaper of Namık Kemal”, which includes the transliteration of Hürriyet Newspaper into the Latin alphabet. In this context, it was tried to shed light on the elements related to the concept of orientalism in the political approach they developed for the region. In the second and third sections, general information is given about the New Ottomans, Hürriyet newspaper, and the orientalism policy that has developed over the centuries within the framework of Europe’s Eastern policy. In the fourth part, which is the main part of the study, the visibility of orientalism policy in Europe’s Eastern politics is discussed within a certain framework in the light of the data in Hürriyet newspaper. In the introduction part of the article, European civilization, the relationship between modernization and imperialism, and the modernization process in the last period of the Ottoman Empire were examined. In addition, detailed information was given about the scientific method used in the writing of this article, and the meaning of the “discourse analysis method” and how it was used in the study in question were explained. In the second part, the subjects of the New Ottomans and Hürriyet newspaper are discussed. The historical development process of the New Ottomans movement is conveyed and the importance of this intellectual group in Ottoman political history is discussed. In the second part of the chapter, the Young Turk press movement, which defines the press activities of the New Ottomans, is examined and in this context, information about the Hürriyet newspaper, which is the main source of this article, is given. In this context, the emergence process of the newspaper, its historical development, and important issues that are the subject of the newspaper are conveyed. In the third chapter, general information is given about the orientalist policy that has developed over the centuries within the framework of Eastern politics. The historical development of orientalism is explained and its relationship with the concept of
colonialism is explained. Added to these, information was given about the “Eastern Question”, which was the most important subject of the period in the context of colonialism. In the fourth chapter, which is the main part of the study, the visibility of orientalism policy in Europe’s eastern policy envisioning in the light of the data in Hürriyet newspaper is discussed within a certain framework. The data discussed in this context were examined under the titles of the “Barbarian Eastern versus the Civilized Westerner” and the “Eastern Question”.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Subjects | Political Science, International Relations |
Journal Section | Research Articles |
Authors | |
Publication Date | September 30, 2022 |
Published in Issue | Year 2022 Volume: 10 Issue: 2 |