ULUSLARARASI İLİŞKİLER KURAMLARINDA KİMLİK

Year 2023, Volume: 11 Issue: Özel Sayı, 48 - 74, 31.12.2023

Selin Türkeş

https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.1376357

Abstract

Bu çalışma, Uluslararası İlişkiler disiplini içinde 'kimlik' kavramının bir kuramsal kavram ve analitik kategori olarak nasıl ele alındığını değerlendirme amacını taşırken, aynı zamanda akademik kimlik tartışmalarına daha derinlemesine bir bakış sunmayı hedeflemektedir. Bu bağlamda, uluslararası ilişkiler alanında 'kimlik' kavramının farklı kuramsal yaklaşımlar tarafından nasıl ele alındığına, bu yaklaşımların zaman içinde nasıl evrildiğine ve disiplinin gelişimine nasıl katkı sağladığına dair bir inceleme sunmaktadır. Çalışma, bu amaçlar doğrultusunda geleneksel uluslararası ilişkiler kuramları (klasik realizm, klasik liberalizm, neorealizm, neoliberalizm), öznelerarası yaklaşımlar (geleneksel yapılandırmacılık, İngiliz Okulu) ve eleştirel kuramların (eleştirel yapısalcılık, post-yapısalcılık, feminizm) 'kimlik' kavramını hem kavramsal hem de metodolojik açıdan nasıl ele aldığını ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelemektedir. Geleneksel kuramlar, kimliği genellikle devletlerin dış politika tercihlerini şekillendiren istikrarlı ve sabit bir faktör olarak ele alırken, öznelerarası yaklaşımlar kimliği daha esnek ve değişken bir yapı olarak görme eğilimindedir. Öte yandan eleştirel kuramlar ise kimliği hakim güç ilişkileri içinde performatif bir eylem olarak vurgularlar. Makale, bu yaklaşımların 'kimlik'le ilgili özgün argümanlarını sunmakta ve bu argümanların uluslararası ilişkiler disiplinine nasıl katkıda bulunduğunu örneklerle açıklamaktadır. Bu kuramsal değerlendirme, 'kimlik' kavramının uluslararası ilişkilerin temel dinamiklerini nasıl şekillendirdiğini anlamak için farklı kuramsal yaklaşımların sunduğu çeşitli araştırma sorularını ve yöntemlerini değerlendirerek, kimlik çalışmalarının disiplin içindeki önemini ortaya koymaktadır.

Keywords

kimlik, eleştirel yaklaşımlar, ontoloji, epistemoloji, identity, theory, kuram, ontology, critical approaches, epistemology

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