Avrupa’daki Denize Kıyısı Olmayan Mikro Devletlerin Dış Politika Öncelikleri

Year 2024, Volume: 12 Issue: 2, 218 - 236, 05.10.2024

Yeliz Kulalı Martin

https://doi.org/10.14782/marmarasbd.1513568

Abstract

‘Mikro-devlet’ en basit haliyle çok küçük bir yüzölçümü ve çok az bir nüfus oranıyla açıklanır. ‘Denize kıyısı olmayan ülke’ ise isminde anlamını barındırır. İki coğrafi özellik birleştiğinde doğal dezavantajlar doğurur ve bu özelliklere sahip devletlerin düşük bir refah seviyesine sahip olması beklenir. Diğer yandan Avrupa coğrafyasında yer alan bu özelliklere sahip Andorra Prensliği, Liechtenstein Prensliği ve San Marino Cumhuriyeti beklenen bu olumsuz koşulları aynı şekilde yaşamamaktadır. Bu çalışma, bu 3 Avrupa devletinin dış politika eğilimlerine odaklanarak, coğrafi dezavantajlarını nasıl aştıklarına odaklanmaktadır. Güçlü sınırdaş komşulara, uluslararası örgüt üyeliklerine ve AB ile özel bağlara sahip bu devletler, günümüzde ticari, kalkınma ya da en basit haliyle ‘varolma’ konusunda sıkıntı yaşamamaktadır. Bu çerçevede, çalışma, olumsuz coğrafi koşullara rağmen, bulunulan bölge sayesinde bu devletlerin toprağa bağlı dezavantajlarını nasıl aşabildiklerine odaklanmaktadır.

Keywords

küçük devlet, mikro devlet, denize kıyısı olmayan ülkeler, Avrupa, bölge çalışmaları

Foreign Policy Priorities of European Landlocked Microstates

Abstract

A ‘Microstate’ is defined in its simplest form by a very small surface area and a very small population ratio. On the other hand, a ‘Landlocked’ country, again in its simplest definition, is a state without access to the sea. These two geographical characteristics create natural disadvantages when they are combined and the states having said characteristics are expected to have a lower level of prosperity. However the Principality of Andorra, the Principality of Liechtenstein and the Republic of San Marino, all possessing these characteristics in Europe do not experience the expected disadvantages in the same manner. The present study, focusing on the foreign policy tendencies of these 3 states, analyses how they overcome the geographical disadvantages. As they have strong neighbours, memberships to international organisations and special relationships with EU, in our day above mentioned states do not encounter difficulties in trade, development or simply about ‘existing’. Within this framework, the study focuses on how these states overcome, thanks to their geographical situation, the disadvantages of their unfavourable conditions.

Keywords

small state, microstate, Europe, regional studies, landlocked countries

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