TUNNEL CHANNEL PROJECT VERSUS 3rd BRIDGE PROJECT OVER THE BOSPHORUS STRAIT

Abstract

This project deals with the problems of landroad dominated transportation system in Istanbul, and compares the social costs and benefits of Channel Tunnel (tube) and 3rd Bridge Projets respectively. Although, cost-benefit analysis of both projects proves that,the Channel Tunnel Project is indispensible with regard to principles of public economy. But, this project has been postponed, since big business successfully exerted heavy influence over the politicians in favour of 3rd Bridge Project over the Bosphoros.

The Channel Tunnel Project not only generates positive external economies in the forms of decreasing death toll and pollutions, saving the foresty areas; and reducing the petroleum consumption etc, but it also helps to connect the high speed train projects of EC countries to East Asia. For this reason, this project should be considered as an international public goods benefiting many countries and calls for contribution of nations be financed collectively. On the other hand, extension of Tunnel Project through high speed trains to Antalya, Urfa via Ankara and Trabzon will also contribute to the establishment of infrastructure of Turkish economy by encouraging tourism and industry. 

Keywords

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TUNNEL CHANNEL PROJECT VERSUS 3rd BRIDGE PROJECT OVER THE BOSPHORUS STRAIT

Abstract

The Image of the Turk emerged in Europe during the 11th Century and has evolved during the nine centuries hence forth. This article will trace this development by referring to literary and visual sources where this image is reflected. Furthermore it will focus on turning points in the paradigm of this image in the course of history and will try to reveal the socio-cultural reasons underlying these changes. 

Keywords

• CHANNEL PROJECT
• BRIDGE
• TURKEY

References

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