SİVİL BİR GÜÇ OLARAK AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ: AB TİCARET POLİTİKASI ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2012, Volume: 20 Issue: 2, 63 - 94, 25.12.2012

Yonca Özer

https://doi.org/10.29228/mjes.120

Abstract

Bu çalışma ‘sivil güç Avrupa’ rol kavramını referans noktası alarak, AB’nin bir aktör olarak uluslararası alandaki rolünü neyin karakterize ettiğini incelemektedir. Sivil güç Avrupa kavramını geniş bir yaklaşımla, yani sadece ‘sivile karşı askeri’ tartışmasına odaklanmak yerine sivil güç olmanın diğer özelliklerini de içeren bir yaklaşımla analiz etmektedir. Bu analizi yaparken de AB’nin en eski ve en güçlü dış politika alanlarından olan ticaret politikasını vaka analizi olarak ele almaktadır. Çalışma AB dış ticaret politikasının onun ‘sivil güç’ karakterini ağırlıkla yansıttığını iddia etmektedir. Bu durum, ticaret politikasının sadece askeri olmayan güç aracı örneklerinden biri olduğu ve zorlayıcı önlemlerden (sopa) ziyade ikna edici önlemleri (havuç) aldığı için değil, aynı zamanda uluslararası camiayı şekillendirmek üzere normatif hedefler güttüğü için de söz konusudur. Uluslararası alanda jeopolitik çıkarlar izlemek yerine AB kendisini iki taraflı ve çok taraflı anlaşmalar vasıtasıyla uluslararası normlar ile bağlayıp, inandığı değerleri desteklemektedir, Dolayısıyla bu çalışma, uluslararası meselelerde sadece askeri olmayan araçlara ve ikna edici önlemlere başvurduğu için değil, belli bazı normların yayılmasını hedeflemesinden dolayı sivilleştirici etkileri sebebiyle de AB’nin sivil bir güç olduğu sonucuna varmaktadır.

Keywords

Sivil Güç, Sivil Güç Avrupa, Avrupa Birliği, Ticaret Politikası

THE EUROPEAN UNION AS A CIVILIAN POWER: THE CASE OF THE EU’S TRADE POLICY

Abstract

This study addresses what characterises the EU’s role as an international actor by drawing on ‘civilian power Europe’ role concept as a fruitful point of reference. It analyses the scope of the concept from a broad point of view including the other characteristics of a civilian power instead of a narrow focus on the civilian versus military debate with a special empirical reference to the EU’s trade policy as Europe’s most long-standing and most powerful external policy realm. The study argues that EU’s trade policy mostly reflects ‘civilian power’ character of the EU. This is not only because it concerns one of the most obvious examples of non-military means of power and is mainly oriented towards persuasive measures (carrots) rather than coercive ones but also it aims at achieving normative objectives so as to shape the international environment. Instead of following first and foremost geopolitical interests, the EU binds itself to international norms and promotes values it believes in through its engagement in bilateral and multilateral settings. Therefore, the study concludes that the EU is a ‘civilian power’ not only because of its emphasis on non-military instruments and persuasive measures in international affairs, but also due to its civilising impacts (by pursuing the spread of particular norms) on the environment beyond its borders.

Keywords

Civilian Power, Civilian Power Europe, EU, Trade Policy, EU’s trade policy

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