OBOR GİRİŞİMİ’NİN COĞRAFYASI

Year 2018, Issue: 37, 112 - 123, 30.01.2018

Bülent Güner

https://doi.org/10.14781/mcd.386165

Abstract

OBOR (One Belt One Road-Bir Kuşak Bir Yol) Girişimi, Çin jeopolitiği
ve jeoekonomisinin bir gereği olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. OBOR, merkezinde Çin’in
yer aldığı Asya, Avrupa, Orta Doğu ve kısmen Afrika’yı da kapsayan, ulaşım
ağları, telekomünikasyon ve enerji ağları ile uluslararası entegrasyonun
hedeflendiği bir projedir. OBOR girişimi oldukça geniş bir coğrafi sınıra
sahiptir. 69 üye ülkeyi, dünya nüfusunun % 65’ini, dünya GYSYH’nIn % 42’sini,
bilinen enerji rezervlerinin % 75’ini, dünya kara yüzölçümünün % 40 kadarını
kapsamaktadır. Çin, OBOR sürecinde altyapı
yatırımlarını 30-35 yılda tamamlamayarak, Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin kuruluşunun
100. yılı olan 2049’da, girişime tüm yönlerliyle işlerlik kazandırmayı
planlamaktadır. Projelerin tamamlanması uzun vadeye yayılsa da, Çin on
yıl içinde OBOR ülkeleri arasında 2.5 trilyon ABD Doları değerinde yıllık
ticaret hacmine ulaşmayı hedeflemektedir. OBOR süreci yalnızca altyapı
projelerinden ibaret olarak görülmemelidir. Girişimin zaman içerisinde ticaret
hukukunda uyum, serbest ticaret bölgeleri oluşturma, gümrük anlaşmalarıyla
uluslararası bir entegrasyona dönüşeceği görülmektedir. Bu çalışma, pek çok
yönüyle coğrafi mekânın konusu olan OBOR Girişimi’ni, gelişen süreçlerle
birlikte irdelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.

Keywords

Jeopolitik, Jeoekonomi, Coğrafya, Çin, OBOR

Geography of OBOR Attempt

Abstract

OBOR attempt has manifested the force of Chinese
geopolitics and geoeconomics. OBOR is a project where China places in its
center and also involves Asia, Europe, Middle East and partly the Africa.
Transportation networks, telecommunication, energy networks with the
international integration are aimed at this project. OBOR attempt has pretty
large territorial limits. It covers 69 member countries, 65% of the world
population, 42% of the world’s GDP, 75% of the energy reserves known, 40% of
the square measure of lands of the world. China has planned the attempt to
bring into force in 2049 when will be the 100th year of the foundation of PRC
by completing the infrastructure investments within 30-35 years. Much as
completing the project has extended over a period, China targets to reach $2,5
trillion of annual trade volume among OBOR countries within ten years. OBOR
must not be seen as just composed of the infrastructure projects. It is
observed that the attempt is going to turn into an international integration by
the adaptation in commercial law, establishing free trade areas, and the
customs treatises. This paper aims to analyze OBOR attempt that is the subject
of the geographical location of the developing processes.

Keywords

Geopolitics, Geoecenomy, Geography, China, OBOR

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