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AR-GE VE FİNANSAL GELİŞME İLİŞKİSİNE YENİ BİR BAKIŞ: TEKNİK YAKINSAMA BAŞARISIZLIĞI VE FİNANSAL GELİŞME İLİŞKİSİNİN GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELER İÇİN SINANMASI

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 25, 361 - 373, 31.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.14784/marufacd.975961

Abstract

Teknik yakınsama, AR-GE düzeyi en yüksek olan ülkenin ya da kurumun/sektörün ARGE düzeyine olan yakınlığı ifade etmektedir. Teknik yakınsamanın istenilen düzeyde olmaması, ülkelerin büyüme düzeyini olumsuz yönde etkileyen faktörlerden birisidir. Bu kapsamda teknik yakınsama, gelişmekte olan ülkelerin sürdürülebilir büyüme performansı için oldukça önemli bir faktördür. Bu çalışmada finansal gelişme ile teknik yakınsama açığı 19 gelişmekte olan ülke için 2001 ile 2014 yılları arasında Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) heterojen Panel Granger Nedensellik Analizi vasıtasıyla araştırılmaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlar finansal gelişmeden teknik yakınsama açığına doğru bir nedensellik ilişkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışmada elde edilen bulgular açısından finansal gelişme ve teknik yakınsama ilişkisinin AR-GE’nin finansmanı açısından yönünün belirlenmesi açısından oldukça önemlidir. Nitekim gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki finansal gelişme ve teknik yakınsama açığı arasındaki tek yönlü nedensellik ilişkisinin olması yapısal sorunları işaret etmektedir.

References

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  • ABRAMOVITZ, Moses. (1986) Catching-up, Forging ahead and Falling behind. Journal of Economic History, 46, 385-406.
  • AGHION, Phillippe ve HOWITT, Peter. (1992), A Model of Growth Through Creative Destruction”, Econometrica, 60 (2), 323-351
  • AGHION, Phillippe, ve HOWITT, Peter. (1998). Endogenous Growth Theory. MIT Press: Cambridge.
  • AGHION, Phillippe, HARRIS, Christopher ve VICKERS, J. (1997). Competition and Growth with Step-by-Step Innovation: An Example. European Economic Review, 41, 771-782
  • AGHION, Phillippe HARRIS, Christopher, HOWITT Peter. ve VICKERS John. (2001). Competition, Imitation and Growth with Step-by-Step Innovation. Review of Economic Studies, 68, 467-492
  • AGHION, Phillippe, HOWITT, Peter. ve MAYER-FOULKES, David. (2005). The Effect of Financial Development on Convergence: Theory and Evidence. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120 (1), 173-222.
  • AKAMATSU, Kaname. (1962). A Historical Pattern of Economic Growth in Developing Countries. Journal of Developing Economies, 1(1), 3–25.
  • ANDREWS, Dan, CRISCUOLO, Chiara ve GAL, Peter N. (2015). Frontier Firms, Technology Diffusion and Public Policy: Micro Evidence from OECD Countries, OECD Productivity Working Papers no.2015-02, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • ARTHUR, W. Brian. (1994). Increasing Returns and Path-Dependency in the Economy. Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press.
  • BARRO, Robert ve SALA-I-MARTIN, Xavier. (1997). Technological Diffusion, Convergence and Growth. Journal of Economic Growth, 2, 1–26
  • CATELA, Eva Yamila Da Silva. ve PORCILE, Gabriel. (2012) Keynesian and Schumpeterian Efficiency in a BOP-Constrained Growth Model. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 34 (4), 777-802
  • CIMOLI, Maria ve PORCILE, Gabriel. (2009). Sources of Learning Paths and Technological Capabilities: An Introductory Roadmap of Development Processes. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 18 (7), 675–694.
  • CIMOLI, Maria., ve DOSI, Giovanni.(1994). Technological Paradigms, Patterns of Learning and Development: An Introductory Roadmap. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 5 (5),243–268.
  • CORNWALL, John. (1976) Diffusion, Convergence and Kaldor's Law. Economic Journal. 85, 307-314.
  • CORNWALL, John. (1977) Modern Capitalism. Its Growth and Transformation. Martin Robertson, London.
  • DOSI, Giovanni, PAVITT, Keith.; ve SOETE, Luc. (1990). The Economics of Technical Change and International Trade. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
  • DUMITRESCU, Elana-Ivona ve HURLIN, Christophe. (2012). Testing for Granger Non-Causality in Heterogeneous Panels. Economic Modelling, 29(4), 1450–1460.
  • DÜNYA BANKASI. (2018). Dünya Kalkınma Göstergeleri, Erişim Adresi: http://databank.worldbank.org/data/source/world-development-indicators, Erişim Tarihi: 03.06.2018
  • FAGERBERG, Jan. (1987). A Technology Gap Approach to why Growth Rates Differ. Research Policy, 16, 87-99.
  • FAGERBERG, Jan. (1988). International competitiveness. Economic Journal, 98, 355-374.
  • FAGERBERG, Jan. (1994) Technology and International Differences in Growth Rates. Journal of Economic Literature, 32, 1147-1175.
  • GERSCHENKRON, Alexander. (1962). Economic backwardness in historical perspective. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • GRİFFİTH, Rachel., REDDING, Stephen ve VAN REENEN, John. (2000) 'Mapping the Two Faces of R&D: Productivity Growth in a Panel of OECD Industries', CEPR Discussion Papers 2457.
  • GRİFFİTH, Rachel, REDDING, Stephen ve VAN REENEN, John (2003). R&D and Absorptive Capacity: Theory and Empirical Evidence. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 105, 99-118
  • GROSSMAN, Gene ve HELPMAN, Elhanan.. (1991). Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991
  • HOWITT, Peter. (2000). Endogenous Growth and Cross‐Country Income Differences. American Economic Review, 90, 829‐846
  • HOWITT, Peter ve MAYER-FOULKES, David. (2002). Technological Innovation, Implementation and Stagnation: A Schumpeterian Theory of Convergence Clubs. NBER Working Paper no. W9104.
  • JIMENEZ, Juan Ricardo Perilla. (2019). Mainstream and Evolutionary Views of Technology, Economic growth and Catching up. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-019-00606-1.
  • KATZ, Jorge M. (1987). Technology Generation in Latin American Manufacturing Industries: Theory and Case Studies Concerning Its Nature, Magnitude and Consequences. London: Macmillan.
  • KASAHARA, Shigehisa. (2004). The Flying Geese Paradigm: A Critical Study of Its Application to East Asian Regional Development. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
  • KORHONEN, Pekka. (1994). The Theory of the Flying Geese Pattern of Development and Its Interpretations. Journal of Peace Research, 31(1), 93-108.
  • KRUGMAN, Paul. (1979). A Model of Innovation, Technology Transfer and the World Distribution of Income, Journal of Political Economy, 87(2), 253-266.
  • KRUGMAN, Paul. (1985). A Technology Gap Model of International Trade, in Jungenfelt, K. & Hague, D. (Eds) Structural Adjustment in Developed Open Economies, 35-61 Lall, S. (2000). Competitiveness, Skills and Technology. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Edgar.
  • MARTIN, Phillippe. ve OTTAVIANO, Gianmarco I. P. (2001). Growth and Agglomeration. International Economic Review, 42 (4), 947-968
  • MARTIN, Phillippe. ve OTTAVIANO, Gianmarco I. P. (1999).Growing Locations: Industry Location in a Model of Endogenous Growth. European Economic Review, 43, 281-302
  • MONTMARTIN, Benjamin. (2013).Centralized R&D Subsidy Policy in an NEGG Model: A Welfare Analysis. Louvain Economic Review, 79(1), 5-34
  • NELSON, Richard (2008). Economic Development from the Perspective of Evolutionary Economic Theory. Oxford Development Studies, 36(1), 9–21.
  • PERLA, Jessa, TONETTI, Christopher ve WAUGH, Michael E. (2016), Equilibrium Technology Diffusion, Trade and Growth. NBER Working Papers, no. 20881, NBER, Mass.:ABD.
  • POSNER, M.V. (1961).International Trade and Technical Change. Oxford Economics Papers, 13, 323-341.
  • ROMER, Paul. (1990) Endogenous Technological Change. Journal of Political Economy, 98,71-102.
  • SCHUMPETER, Joseph A. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
  • SINGER, H. W. ve REYNOLDS, Lyn. (1975) Technological Backwardness and Productivity Growth. Economic Journal. 85, 873-876.
  • SOLOW, Robert. (1956). A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70, 65–94.
  • SOLOW, Robert. (1957). Technical Change and Aggregate Production Function. Review of Economics and Statistics, 39, 312–320.
  • VERNON, Raymond. (1971). Sovereignty at Bay: the Multinational Spread of U.S. Enterprises. New York: Basic Books.
  • VERSPAGEN, Bart. (1991). A New Empirical Approach to Catching up or Falling Behind. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2 (2), 359-380.
  • VERSPAGEN, Bart.(1993). Uneven Growth between Interdependent Economies. Aldershot, UK: Avebury.
  • ZEIRA, Joseph. (1998). Workers, Machines and Economic Growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113, 1091–1117.
Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 25, 361 - 373, 31.07.2021
https://doi.org/10.14784/marufacd.975961

Abstract

References

  • ACEMOGLU, Daron, AGHION, Phillippe ve ZILIBOTTI, Fabrizio. (2002). Distance to Frontier, Selection, and Economic Growth. Journal of the European Economic Association,4 (1),37–74.
  • ABRAMOVITZ, Moses. (1986) Catching-up, Forging ahead and Falling behind. Journal of Economic History, 46, 385-406.
  • AGHION, Phillippe ve HOWITT, Peter. (1992), A Model of Growth Through Creative Destruction”, Econometrica, 60 (2), 323-351
  • AGHION, Phillippe, ve HOWITT, Peter. (1998). Endogenous Growth Theory. MIT Press: Cambridge.
  • AGHION, Phillippe, HARRIS, Christopher ve VICKERS, J. (1997). Competition and Growth with Step-by-Step Innovation: An Example. European Economic Review, 41, 771-782
  • AGHION, Phillippe HARRIS, Christopher, HOWITT Peter. ve VICKERS John. (2001). Competition, Imitation and Growth with Step-by-Step Innovation. Review of Economic Studies, 68, 467-492
  • AGHION, Phillippe, HOWITT, Peter. ve MAYER-FOULKES, David. (2005). The Effect of Financial Development on Convergence: Theory and Evidence. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 120 (1), 173-222.
  • AKAMATSU, Kaname. (1962). A Historical Pattern of Economic Growth in Developing Countries. Journal of Developing Economies, 1(1), 3–25.
  • ANDREWS, Dan, CRISCUOLO, Chiara ve GAL, Peter N. (2015). Frontier Firms, Technology Diffusion and Public Policy: Micro Evidence from OECD Countries, OECD Productivity Working Papers no.2015-02, OECD Publishing, Paris.
  • ARTHUR, W. Brian. (1994). Increasing Returns and Path-Dependency in the Economy. Ann Arbor:University of Michigan Press.
  • BARRO, Robert ve SALA-I-MARTIN, Xavier. (1997). Technological Diffusion, Convergence and Growth. Journal of Economic Growth, 2, 1–26
  • CATELA, Eva Yamila Da Silva. ve PORCILE, Gabriel. (2012) Keynesian and Schumpeterian Efficiency in a BOP-Constrained Growth Model. Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, 34 (4), 777-802
  • CIMOLI, Maria ve PORCILE, Gabriel. (2009). Sources of Learning Paths and Technological Capabilities: An Introductory Roadmap of Development Processes. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 18 (7), 675–694.
  • CIMOLI, Maria., ve DOSI, Giovanni.(1994). Technological Paradigms, Patterns of Learning and Development: An Introductory Roadmap. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, 5 (5),243–268.
  • CORNWALL, John. (1976) Diffusion, Convergence and Kaldor's Law. Economic Journal. 85, 307-314.
  • CORNWALL, John. (1977) Modern Capitalism. Its Growth and Transformation. Martin Robertson, London.
  • DOSI, Giovanni, PAVITT, Keith.; ve SOETE, Luc. (1990). The Economics of Technical Change and International Trade. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf.
  • DUMITRESCU, Elana-Ivona ve HURLIN, Christophe. (2012). Testing for Granger Non-Causality in Heterogeneous Panels. Economic Modelling, 29(4), 1450–1460.
  • DÜNYA BANKASI. (2018). Dünya Kalkınma Göstergeleri, Erişim Adresi: http://databank.worldbank.org/data/source/world-development-indicators, Erişim Tarihi: 03.06.2018
  • FAGERBERG, Jan. (1987). A Technology Gap Approach to why Growth Rates Differ. Research Policy, 16, 87-99.
  • FAGERBERG, Jan. (1988). International competitiveness. Economic Journal, 98, 355-374.
  • FAGERBERG, Jan. (1994) Technology and International Differences in Growth Rates. Journal of Economic Literature, 32, 1147-1175.
  • GERSCHENKRON, Alexander. (1962). Economic backwardness in historical perspective. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  • GRİFFİTH, Rachel., REDDING, Stephen ve VAN REENEN, John. (2000) 'Mapping the Two Faces of R&D: Productivity Growth in a Panel of OECD Industries', CEPR Discussion Papers 2457.
  • GRİFFİTH, Rachel, REDDING, Stephen ve VAN REENEN, John (2003). R&D and Absorptive Capacity: Theory and Empirical Evidence. Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 105, 99-118
  • GROSSMAN, Gene ve HELPMAN, Elhanan.. (1991). Innovation and Growth in the Global Economy. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1991
  • HOWITT, Peter. (2000). Endogenous Growth and Cross‐Country Income Differences. American Economic Review, 90, 829‐846
  • HOWITT, Peter ve MAYER-FOULKES, David. (2002). Technological Innovation, Implementation and Stagnation: A Schumpeterian Theory of Convergence Clubs. NBER Working Paper no. W9104.
  • JIMENEZ, Juan Ricardo Perilla. (2019). Mainstream and Evolutionary Views of Technology, Economic growth and Catching up. Journal of Evolutionary Economics, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00191-019-00606-1.
  • KATZ, Jorge M. (1987). Technology Generation in Latin American Manufacturing Industries: Theory and Case Studies Concerning Its Nature, Magnitude and Consequences. London: Macmillan.
  • KASAHARA, Shigehisa. (2004). The Flying Geese Paradigm: A Critical Study of Its Application to East Asian Regional Development. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development.
  • KORHONEN, Pekka. (1994). The Theory of the Flying Geese Pattern of Development and Its Interpretations. Journal of Peace Research, 31(1), 93-108.
  • KRUGMAN, Paul. (1979). A Model of Innovation, Technology Transfer and the World Distribution of Income, Journal of Political Economy, 87(2), 253-266.
  • KRUGMAN, Paul. (1985). A Technology Gap Model of International Trade, in Jungenfelt, K. & Hague, D. (Eds) Structural Adjustment in Developed Open Economies, 35-61 Lall, S. (2000). Competitiveness, Skills and Technology. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Edgar.
  • MARTIN, Phillippe. ve OTTAVIANO, Gianmarco I. P. (2001). Growth and Agglomeration. International Economic Review, 42 (4), 947-968
  • MARTIN, Phillippe. ve OTTAVIANO, Gianmarco I. P. (1999).Growing Locations: Industry Location in a Model of Endogenous Growth. European Economic Review, 43, 281-302
  • MONTMARTIN, Benjamin. (2013).Centralized R&D Subsidy Policy in an NEGG Model: A Welfare Analysis. Louvain Economic Review, 79(1), 5-34
  • NELSON, Richard (2008). Economic Development from the Perspective of Evolutionary Economic Theory. Oxford Development Studies, 36(1), 9–21.
  • PERLA, Jessa, TONETTI, Christopher ve WAUGH, Michael E. (2016), Equilibrium Technology Diffusion, Trade and Growth. NBER Working Papers, no. 20881, NBER, Mass.:ABD.
  • POSNER, M.V. (1961).International Trade and Technical Change. Oxford Economics Papers, 13, 323-341.
  • ROMER, Paul. (1990) Endogenous Technological Change. Journal of Political Economy, 98,71-102.
  • SCHUMPETER, Joseph A. (1934). The Theory of Economic Development. Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
  • SINGER, H. W. ve REYNOLDS, Lyn. (1975) Technological Backwardness and Productivity Growth. Economic Journal. 85, 873-876.
  • SOLOW, Robert. (1956). A Contribution to the Theory of Economic Growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 70, 65–94.
  • SOLOW, Robert. (1957). Technical Change and Aggregate Production Function. Review of Economics and Statistics, 39, 312–320.
  • VERNON, Raymond. (1971). Sovereignty at Bay: the Multinational Spread of U.S. Enterprises. New York: Basic Books.
  • VERSPAGEN, Bart. (1991). A New Empirical Approach to Catching up or Falling Behind. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 2 (2), 359-380.
  • VERSPAGEN, Bart.(1993). Uneven Growth between Interdependent Economies. Aldershot, UK: Avebury.
  • ZEIRA, Joseph. (1998). Workers, Machines and Economic Growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 113, 1091–1117.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Makaleler
Authors

Ömer Tuğsal Doruk 0000-0002-2382-1042

Publication Date July 31, 2021
Submission Date November 15, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 13 Issue: 25

Cite

APA Doruk, Ö. T. (2021). AR-GE VE FİNANSAL GELİŞME İLİŞKİSİNE YENİ BİR BAKIŞ: TEKNİK YAKINSAMA BAŞARISIZLIĞI VE FİNANSAL GELİŞME İLİŞKİSİNİN GELİŞMEKTE OLAN ÜLKELER İÇİN SINANMASI. Finansal Araştırmalar Ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 13(25), 361-373. https://doi.org/10.14784/marufacd.975961