Nonpoint Source Pollutant Transport in Watersheds: Modelling Approaches for Antibiotics, Heavy Metals and Nutrients

Abstract

Modelling studies predicting the fate and transport of non-point-source pollutants, especially from agricultural and pasture lands, have gained increasing attention during the recent years. Veterinary antibiotics are one of the most widely preferred drugs for animal husbandry. Since a considerable fraction of antibiotics is excreted in animal waste; following to application of animal waste as manure on agricultural lands, antibiotics can affect both soil and water quality by leaching from manure to soil, and by being transported to surface waters via runoff, respectively. This necessitates the development of modeling approaches for planning and management of catchments that play a significant role on water supply. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) has become an important methodological tool in catchment modeling, with the facilities to obtain spatial data, and advanced visualization of numerous data types as different map layers. GIS-based modeling approaches concerned with nutrient transport and water quality are encountered in literature; however, similar studies are scarce for heavy metals and antibiotics. The aim of this study is to provide a summary and evaluation of the existing modelling approaches from the literature that are used for modelling the fate and transport of emerging pollutants, particularly antibiotics, heavy metals and nutrients, in watersheds

Keywords

• Antibiotic
• Heavy Metal
• Nurient
• Modelling
• Transport
• Watershed

Yayılı Kirleticilerin Havzalardaki Taşınım Süreçleri:Antibiyotikler, Ağır Metaller ve Besi Maddeleri Üzerine Modelleme Yaklaşımları

Abstract

Özellikle tarım ve hayvancılık kaynaklı yayılı kirleticilerin su havzalarındaki davranışlarına yönelik çalışmalar, son yıllarda önem ve hız kazanmıştır. Çoğu zaman sadece önlem amaçlı kullanılan antibiyotikler, hayvan yetiştiriciliğince en yaygın tercih edilen ilaç türlerinden bir tanesidir. Antibiyotiklerin kayda değer fraksiyonları hayvan atığında ortaya çıktığı için; tarımsal arazilere hayvan atıklarının gübre olarak uygulanmasını takiben, antibiyotikler gübreden toprağa geçerek toprak kalitesini, aynı zamanda yüzeysel akışla yüzey sularına taşınarak su kalitesini olumsuz etkileyebilmektedirler. Bu durum su temininde önemli rol oynayan havzaların planlanması ve yönetimi için modelleme çalışmalarının geliştirilmesini gerekli kılmıştır. Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS), mekansal verileri elde etmede sağladığı kolaylık ve çok sayıda farklı türdeki veriyi haritalandırma özelliği ile havza modelleme çalışmalarında başvurulan önemli araçlardan bir tanesi olmuştur. Besi maddelerinin taşınımı ve su kalitesi üzerine etkilerini inceleyen CBS tabanlı modelleme yaklaşımları bulunmaktadır; ancak benzer çalışmalar ağır metaller ve antibiyotikler için sınırlı sayıdadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı literatürde yer alan, başta antibiyotikler olmak üzere ağır metal ve besi maddeleri gibi önem arz eden kirleticilerin su ortamlarında ve havzalarındaki taşınımındaki modelleme yaklaşımlarını özetlemek ve değerlendirmektir.

Keywords

• Antibiyotik
• Ağır Metal
• Besi Maddesi
• Modelleme
• Taşınım
• Havza

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