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Dördüncü Kuşak Haklar ve Bilişim Teknolojilerinin Doğuşunda Mahremiyet Kavramına Karşılaştırmalı Bir Bakış

Year 2019, Volume: 25 Issue: 2, 602 - 623, 27.12.2019

Oya Boyar Sezen Kama Işık

https://doi.org/10.33433/maruhad.667577
Cited By: 4

Abstract

Vasak’ın hak kuşakları ayrımına göre, tarihsel düzlemde insan onuruna yönelik tehditler çeşitli insan haklarının doğuşunu sağlamıştır. Modern çağın bir sonucu olan teknolojik ve bilimsel gelişmelerin yarattığı tehditler neticesinde ise dördüncü kuşak haklar ortaya çıkmıştır. Kişisel verilerin korunması hakkı, anılan dördüncü kuşak haklar arasındadır. Bu hakkın temelinde, kişiliğin serbestçe geliştirilmesini de sağlayan mahremiyet kavramı bulunmaktadır. Buna göre mahremiyet anlayışının ortaya çıktığı dönemdeki anlamı, bilişim teknolojilerinin yarattığı tehditler sonucunda, zamanla farklılaşmıştır. Bu bakımdan kavrama yönelik Amerikan ve Avrupa anlayışları ve özellikle yargısal içtihatların kabulleri, değişen mahremiyet algısını göstermek adına önem taşımaktadır. Kişisel verilerin korunması hakkı ile mahremiyet ilişkisinde teknolojik gelişmelerle birlikte yeni zorlukların ortaya çıkması ise sürekli olarak yeni kural ve ilkeleri beraberinde gerektirmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu hakkın altında yatan ana unsurun yalnızca mahremiyet olduğunu söylemek ilk başlarda mümkünse de günümüzde çok daha kapsamlı bir hale evrilmiştir.

Keywords

Mahremiyet Özel Yaşam Hak Kuşakları Kişisel Verilerin Korunması

References

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  • ALEXY, Robert, A Theory of Constitutional Rights, Oxford University Press, 2010. ALGAN, Bülent, “Rethinking ‘Third Generation’ Human Rights”, Ankara Law Review, Vol. 1, No: 1, Y. 2004, ss. 121 – 155.
  • BENNETT, Colin J. Regulating Privacy: Data Protection and Public Policy in Europe and the United States, Cornell University Press, Ithaca & London, 1992.
  • BENNETT, Colin J., Charles D. RAAB, The Govarnance of Privacy: Policy Instruments in Global Perspective, The MIT Press, 2006.
  • BEVERLEY – SMITH, Huw, Ansgar OHLY, Agnes LUCAS – SCHLOETTER, Privacy, Property and Personality – Civil Law Perspectives on Commercial Appropriation, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2005.
  • BLUME, Peter, Protection of Informational Privacy, International Specialized Book Service Incorporated, DJOF Publishing, 2002.
  • BYGRAVE, Lee A., Data Protection Law: Approaching its Rationale, Logic and Limits, Kluwer Law International, 2002. Chart of Signatures and Ratifications of Treaty 005 – Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Status as of 30/05/2017, http://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/ conventions/treaty/005/signatures , E.T. 30.05.2017.
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  • FLAHERTY, David H., Protecting Privacy in Surveilliance Societies: The Federal Republic of Germany, Sweeden, France, Canada and the United States, University of North Carolina Press, 1989, s. 104 – 105.
  • FUSTER, Gloria Gonzales, The Emergence of Personal Data Protection as a Fundemental Right of the EU, Law, Govarnance and Technology Series 16, Springer International Publishing, 2014.
  • GAVISON, Ruth, “Privacy and the Limits of Law”, The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 89, No: 3, ss. 421 – 471.
  • GÜNDÜZÖZ, İlker, “Yeni Kuşak İnsan Hakları Çerçevesinde Türkiye’de Mülki İdare Amirliğine Analitik Bir Yaklaşım”, İnsan Hakları Yıllığı, C.: 33, Y: 2015, ss. 19 – 33.
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  • International Commission of Jurists, “The Protection of Privacy”, UNESCO International Social Science Journal, Vol. XXIV, No: 3, 1972.
  • International Commission of Jurists, Committee on Privacy and JUSTICE (The British Section of ICJ), “Privacy and the Law”, Stevens& Sons Ltd., Londra, 1970.
  • KAPANİ, Münci, Kamu Hürriyetleri, Ankara, Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Yayını, Ankara, 1981. KAPANİ, Münci, Kamu Hürriyetleri, Yetkin Yayınları, Ankara, 2013.
  • KEYTON, Andrew T., “Defamation and Privacy in an Era of ‘More Speech’”, Comperative Defamation and Privacy Law, Ed. Andrew T. KEYTON, Cambridge University Press, 2016.
  • KOSTA, Eleni, Consent in European Data Protection Law, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden – Boston, 2013.
  • LEENKNEGT, Gert – Jan, “The Protection of Fundemental Rights in Digital Age”, Electronic Journal of Comparative Law, Netherlands Comparative Law Association, Vol. 6, 4.12.2002. MILLER, Arthur R., The Assault on Privacy: Computers, Data Bank and Dossiers, University of Michigan Press, 1971, s. 24, 40 – 42.
  • NISSENBAUM, Helen, Privacy in Context: Technology, Policy and the Integrity of Social Life, Stanford University Press, 2010. NIXON, Richard, “Address on the State of the Union Delivered Before a Joint Session of the Congress”, 30.01.1974, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=4327 , E.T. 05.12.2016.
  • ÖNCÜ, Gülay ARSLAN, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesinde Özel Yaşamın Korunması Hakkı, Beta, 2011.
  • PACKARD, Vance, The Naked Society, Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1971. Privacy Act of 1974, https://www.justice.gov/opcl/privacy-act-1974 , E.T. 05.12.2016.
  • PROSSER, William L., “Privacy”, California Law Review, Vol. 48, Y: 1960, No: 3, ss. 383 – 423.
  • REID, Lindsey, “The Generations of Human Rights”, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Institute for Human Rights Blog, https://cas.uab.edu/humanrights/2019/01/14/the-generations-of-humanrights/ , E.T. 18.05.2019.
  • Resmî Gazete, 18.06.2003, Sayı: 25142, http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/ 2003/06/20030618 .htm#3 , E.T. 05.12.2016.
  • Resmî Gazete, 19.03.1954, Sayı: 8662, http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/8662.pdf , E.T. 05.12.2016.
  • Resmî Gazete, 27.05.1949, Sayı: 7217, http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/7217.pdf , E.T. 05.12.2016.
  • RICHARDSON, Megan, The Right to Privacy Origins and Influence of Nineteenth – Century Idea, Cambridge University Press, 2017.
  • RIGAUX, M. François “La liberté de la vie privée”, Revue internationale de droit comparé, Vol. 43, No: 3, 1991, ss. 539 – 563.
  • ROTENBERG, Marc, The Privacy Law Sourcebook 2001: United States Law International Law and Recent Developments, Electronic Privacy Information Center, Washington, 2001. RÖSSLER, Beate, “Privacies: An Overview”, Privacies, Ed.: Beate RÖSSLER, Stanford University Press, 2014, ss. 1 – 18.
  • SCHOEMAN, Ferdinand David, Privacy and Social Freedom, Cambridge University Press, 2008.
  • SMARTT, Ursula, Media and Entertainment Law, Routledge, London & New York, 2011.
  • SOFSKY, Wolfgang, Privacy: A Manifesto, Princeton University Press, 2008.
  • SOLOVE, Daniel J., Marc ROTENBERG, Paul M. SCHWARTZ, Information Privacy Law, New York, 2006.
  • STRÖMHOLM, Stig, Right of Privacy and Rights of the Personality – A Comparative Survey, Working Paper prepared for the Nordic Conference on Privacy, International Commission of Jurists, Stockholm, May 1967. The U.S. Constitution and Other Key American Writings, Canterbury Classics/ Baker& Taylor Publishing, 2015, San Diego.
  • TOMUSCHAT, Christian, Human Rights: Between Idealism and Realism, Oxford University Press, 2008.
  • TURKINGTON, Richard C., Anita L. ALLEN, Privacy Law: Cases and Materials, St. Paul West Group, 1999.
  • U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, “Records, Computers and the Rights of Citizens”, Report of the Secretary’s Advisory Committee on Automated Personal Data Systems, DHEW Publication NO. (OS) 73 – 94, July 1973, https://www.justice.gov/opcl/docs/rec-com-rights.pdf , E.T. 27.11.2016. United Press International (UPI), “Electronic Brain: ‘Peril’ to Liberty”, Sarasota Journal, 17.04.1961.
  • UYGUN, Oktay, “Çağımızın İnsan Onuruna Yönelttiği Tehditler Karşısında İnsan Haklarının Önemi”, Kamu Hukuku İncelemeleri, Oniki Levha Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2013, ss. 45 – 83. UYGUN, Oktay, Devlet Teorisi, 2. Baskı, On İki Levha Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2015.
  • VASAK, Karel, Human Rights: A Thirty-Year Struggle: the Sustained Efforts to give Force of law to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, November 1977. VINCENT, Andrew, The Politics of Human Rights, Oxford University Press, 2010, s. 132 – 134.
  • WARREN, Adam P., James DEARNLY, “Data Protection Legislation in the United Kingdom: From Development to Statute 1969-84”, Information Communication and Society, Vol. 8 (2), 2005, ss. 238 – 263. WARREN, Samuel, Louis BRANDEIS, “The Right to Privacy”, Harvard Law Review, Vol. 4, No: 5, 1890, ss. 193 – 220.
  • WESTIN, Alan F. Privacy and Freedom, Atheneum, New York, 1970.
  • WESTIN, Alan F., Michael A. BAKER, Databanks in Free Society: Computers, Recordkeeping and Privacy, Quadrangle Books, New York, 1972.
  • Felix c. O’Connell, Seine Hukuk Mahkemesi, 16.6.1858, aktaran: Megan RICHARDSON, The Right to Privacy Origins and Influence of Nineteenth – Century Idea, Cambridge University Press, 2017, s. 64 – 67.
  • Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965), https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/381/479/ , E.T. 21.11.2016.
  • Prince Albert v. Strange, High Court of Chancery, (1849) 1 Mac & G 25, [1849] EWHC Ch J20, 41 ER 1171, (1849) 18 LJ Ch 120, http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Ch/1849/J20.html , E.T. 19.12.2016.
  • Whalen v. Roe, 429 U.S. 589 (1977), https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/429/589/case.html , E.T. 17.05.2019.
  • “Watergate Scandal”, Encyclopedia Britannica, https://global.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal , E.T. 05.12.2016.
  • 1949 tarihli Federal Almanya Cumhuriyeti Anayasası md. 1 ve 2, http://www.adalet.gov.tr/duyurular/2011/ eylul/anayasalar/ulkeana/pdf/08ALMANYA%20209-276.pdf , E.T. 21.11.2016.

Year 2019, Volume: 25 Issue: 2, 602 - 623, 27.12.2019

Oya Boyar Sezen Kama Işık

https://doi.org/10.33433/maruhad.667577
Cited By: 4

Abstract

References

  • AKAD, Mehmet, Bihterin VURAL DİNÇKOL, Nihat BULUT, Genel Kamu Hukuku, Gözden Geçirilmiş 14. Baskı, Der Yayınları, İstanbul, 2018.
  • ALEXY, Robert, A Theory of Constitutional Rights, Oxford University Press, 2010. ALGAN, Bülent, “Rethinking ‘Third Generation’ Human Rights”, Ankara Law Review, Vol. 1, No: 1, Y. 2004, ss. 121 – 155.
  • BENNETT, Colin J. Regulating Privacy: Data Protection and Public Policy in Europe and the United States, Cornell University Press, Ithaca & London, 1992.
  • BENNETT, Colin J., Charles D. RAAB, The Govarnance of Privacy: Policy Instruments in Global Perspective, The MIT Press, 2006.
  • BEVERLEY – SMITH, Huw, Ansgar OHLY, Agnes LUCAS – SCHLOETTER, Privacy, Property and Personality – Civil Law Perspectives on Commercial Appropriation, Cambridge University Press, New York, 2005.
  • BLUME, Peter, Protection of Informational Privacy, International Specialized Book Service Incorporated, DJOF Publishing, 2002.
  • BYGRAVE, Lee A., Data Protection Law: Approaching its Rationale, Logic and Limits, Kluwer Law International, 2002. Chart of Signatures and Ratifications of Treaty 005 – Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, Status as of 30/05/2017, http://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list/-/ conventions/treaty/005/signatures , E.T. 30.05.2017.
  • DİNÇKOL, Abdullah, “Küreselleşme ve İnsan Hakları”, Doç. Dr. Mehmet SOMER’e Armağan, Marmara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Yayını, 2006, ss. 879 – 919. DİNÇKOL, Abdullah, “Teknoloji ve Hukuk”, Hukuk Felsefesi ve Sosyolojisi Arkivi, S. 19, İstanbul Barosu Yayınları, 2010, ss. 248 – 279.
  • DOĞAN, İlyas, “İnsan Hakları Hukukunun Temel Kavramları ve Özellikleri”, İnsan Hakları Hukuku, (Ed.: İlyas DOĞAN), Astana Yayınları, Ankara, 2015. DONNELLY, Jack, Teoride ve Uygulamada Evrensel İnsan Hakları, Çev: Mustafa ERDOĞAN – Levent KORKUT, Yetkin, 1995, Ankara.
  • Fair Credit Reporting Act, https://www.ftc.gov/enforcement/rules/rulemaking-regulatory-reformproceedings/fair-credit-reporting-act , E.T. 27.11.2016.
  • FLAHERTY, David H., Protecting Privacy in Surveilliance Societies: The Federal Republic of Germany, Sweeden, France, Canada and the United States, University of North Carolina Press, 1989, s. 104 – 105.
  • FUSTER, Gloria Gonzales, The Emergence of Personal Data Protection as a Fundemental Right of the EU, Law, Govarnance and Technology Series 16, Springer International Publishing, 2014.
  • GAVISON, Ruth, “Privacy and the Limits of Law”, The Yale Law Journal, Vol. 89, No: 3, ss. 421 – 471.
  • GÜNDÜZÖZ, İlker, “Yeni Kuşak İnsan Hakları Çerçevesinde Türkiye’de Mülki İdare Amirliğine Analitik Bir Yaklaşım”, İnsan Hakları Yıllığı, C.: 33, Y: 2015, ss. 19 – 33.
  • HAMAMCI, Can, “Üçüncü Kuşak İnsan Hakları”, Yeni Kuşak İnsan Hakları, Ed. Ertan Kıvılcım Akkoyunlu, TODAİE Yayın No: 371, 2013, ss.1-237.
  • International Commission of Jurists, “Right to Privacy: Conclusions of the Nordic Conference”, Cenevre, Mayıs 1967, s. 2, http://www.icj.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/06/Right-to-privacy-seminarreport-conclusions-1967-eng.pdf , E.T. 11.12.2016.
  • International Commission of Jurists, “The Protection of Privacy”, UNESCO International Social Science Journal, Vol. XXIV, No: 3, 1972.
  • International Commission of Jurists, Committee on Privacy and JUSTICE (The British Section of ICJ), “Privacy and the Law”, Stevens& Sons Ltd., Londra, 1970.
  • KAPANİ, Münci, Kamu Hürriyetleri, Ankara, Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Yayını, Ankara, 1981. KAPANİ, Münci, Kamu Hürriyetleri, Yetkin Yayınları, Ankara, 2013.
  • KEYTON, Andrew T., “Defamation and Privacy in an Era of ‘More Speech’”, Comperative Defamation and Privacy Law, Ed. Andrew T. KEYTON, Cambridge University Press, 2016.
  • KOSTA, Eleni, Consent in European Data Protection Law, Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden – Boston, 2013.
  • LEENKNEGT, Gert – Jan, “The Protection of Fundemental Rights in Digital Age”, Electronic Journal of Comparative Law, Netherlands Comparative Law Association, Vol. 6, 4.12.2002. MILLER, Arthur R., The Assault on Privacy: Computers, Data Bank and Dossiers, University of Michigan Press, 1971, s. 24, 40 – 42.
  • NISSENBAUM, Helen, Privacy in Context: Technology, Policy and the Integrity of Social Life, Stanford University Press, 2010. NIXON, Richard, “Address on the State of the Union Delivered Before a Joint Session of the Congress”, 30.01.1974, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=4327 , E.T. 05.12.2016.
  • ÖNCÜ, Gülay ARSLAN, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Sözleşmesinde Özel Yaşamın Korunması Hakkı, Beta, 2011.
  • PACKARD, Vance, The Naked Society, Penguin Books, Harmondsworth, 1971. Privacy Act of 1974, https://www.justice.gov/opcl/privacy-act-1974 , E.T. 05.12.2016.
  • PROSSER, William L., “Privacy”, California Law Review, Vol. 48, Y: 1960, No: 3, ss. 383 – 423.
  • REID, Lindsey, “The Generations of Human Rights”, The University of Alabama at Birmingham Institute for Human Rights Blog, https://cas.uab.edu/humanrights/2019/01/14/the-generations-of-humanrights/ , E.T. 18.05.2019.
  • Resmî Gazete, 18.06.2003, Sayı: 25142, http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/ 2003/06/20030618 .htm#3 , E.T. 05.12.2016.
  • Resmî Gazete, 19.03.1954, Sayı: 8662, http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/8662.pdf , E.T. 05.12.2016.
  • Resmî Gazete, 27.05.1949, Sayı: 7217, http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/arsiv/7217.pdf , E.T. 05.12.2016.
  • RICHARDSON, Megan, The Right to Privacy Origins and Influence of Nineteenth – Century Idea, Cambridge University Press, 2017.
  • RIGAUX, M. François “La liberté de la vie privée”, Revue internationale de droit comparé, Vol. 43, No: 3, 1991, ss. 539 – 563.
  • ROTENBERG, Marc, The Privacy Law Sourcebook 2001: United States Law International Law and Recent Developments, Electronic Privacy Information Center, Washington, 2001. RÖSSLER, Beate, “Privacies: An Overview”, Privacies, Ed.: Beate RÖSSLER, Stanford University Press, 2014, ss. 1 – 18.
  • SCHOEMAN, Ferdinand David, Privacy and Social Freedom, Cambridge University Press, 2008.
  • SMARTT, Ursula, Media and Entertainment Law, Routledge, London & New York, 2011.
  • SOFSKY, Wolfgang, Privacy: A Manifesto, Princeton University Press, 2008.
  • SOLOVE, Daniel J., Marc ROTENBERG, Paul M. SCHWARTZ, Information Privacy Law, New York, 2006.
  • STRÖMHOLM, Stig, Right of Privacy and Rights of the Personality – A Comparative Survey, Working Paper prepared for the Nordic Conference on Privacy, International Commission of Jurists, Stockholm, May 1967. The U.S. Constitution and Other Key American Writings, Canterbury Classics/ Baker& Taylor Publishing, 2015, San Diego.
  • TOMUSCHAT, Christian, Human Rights: Between Idealism and Realism, Oxford University Press, 2008.
  • TURKINGTON, Richard C., Anita L. ALLEN, Privacy Law: Cases and Materials, St. Paul West Group, 1999.
  • U.S. Department of Health, Education and Welfare, “Records, Computers and the Rights of Citizens”, Report of the Secretary’s Advisory Committee on Automated Personal Data Systems, DHEW Publication NO. (OS) 73 – 94, July 1973, https://www.justice.gov/opcl/docs/rec-com-rights.pdf , E.T. 27.11.2016. United Press International (UPI), “Electronic Brain: ‘Peril’ to Liberty”, Sarasota Journal, 17.04.1961.
  • UYGUN, Oktay, “Çağımızın İnsan Onuruna Yönelttiği Tehditler Karşısında İnsan Haklarının Önemi”, Kamu Hukuku İncelemeleri, Oniki Levha Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2013, ss. 45 – 83. UYGUN, Oktay, Devlet Teorisi, 2. Baskı, On İki Levha Yayıncılık, İstanbul, 2015.
  • VASAK, Karel, Human Rights: A Thirty-Year Struggle: the Sustained Efforts to give Force of law to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, November 1977. VINCENT, Andrew, The Politics of Human Rights, Oxford University Press, 2010, s. 132 – 134.
  • WARREN, Adam P., James DEARNLY, “Data Protection Legislation in the United Kingdom: From Development to Statute 1969-84”, Information Communication and Society, Vol. 8 (2), 2005, ss. 238 – 263. WARREN, Samuel, Louis BRANDEIS, “The Right to Privacy”, Harvard Law Review, Vol. 4, No: 5, 1890, ss. 193 – 220.
  • WESTIN, Alan F. Privacy and Freedom, Atheneum, New York, 1970.
  • WESTIN, Alan F., Michael A. BAKER, Databanks in Free Society: Computers, Recordkeeping and Privacy, Quadrangle Books, New York, 1972.
  • Felix c. O’Connell, Seine Hukuk Mahkemesi, 16.6.1858, aktaran: Megan RICHARDSON, The Right to Privacy Origins and Influence of Nineteenth – Century Idea, Cambridge University Press, 2017, s. 64 – 67.
  • Griswold v. Connecticut, 381 U.S. 479 (1965), https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/381/479/ , E.T. 21.11.2016.
  • Prince Albert v. Strange, High Court of Chancery, (1849) 1 Mac & G 25, [1849] EWHC Ch J20, 41 ER 1171, (1849) 18 LJ Ch 120, http://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Ch/1849/J20.html , E.T. 19.12.2016.
  • Whalen v. Roe, 429 U.S. 589 (1977), https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/429/589/case.html , E.T. 17.05.2019.
  • “Watergate Scandal”, Encyclopedia Britannica, https://global.britannica.com/event/Watergate-Scandal , E.T. 05.12.2016.
  • 1949 tarihli Federal Almanya Cumhuriyeti Anayasası md. 1 ve 2, http://www.adalet.gov.tr/duyurular/2011/ eylul/anayasalar/ulkeana/pdf/08ALMANYA%20209-276.pdf , E.T. 21.11.2016.
There are 52 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Law in Context
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Oya Boyar This is me 0000-0001-9731-3174

Sezen Kama Işık 0000-0001-9654-9118

Publication Date December 27, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 25 Issue: 2

Cite

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