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Uluslararası Kızılhaç Komitesi’nin Uluslararası Nitelikte Olmayan Silahlı Çatışmalarda Faaliyetlerine İlişkin Bir Değerlendirme: Taraflara Hizmetlerini Teklif Etme Hakkı

Year 2021, Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 48 - 63, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.33433/maruhad.896749

Abstract

Uluslararası nitelikte olmayan silahlı çatışmalarda Uluslararası Kızılhaç Komitesi’nin çatışmanın taraflarına hizmetlerini teklif etme hakkı bulunmaktadır. Bu hak 1949 Cenevre Sözleşmeleri’nin ortak 3’üncü Maddesi ile açıkça öngörülmüştür. Uluslararası nitelikte olmayan silahlı çatışmaların doğası gereği hizmetlerin teklif edilebileceği taraflar sadece Cenevre Sözleşmeleri’nin tarafı devletler değil, aynı zamanda onlarla mücadele eden devlet-dışı silahlı gruplardır. Bu grupların gerek Birleşmiş Milletler gibi uluslararası örgütler gerekse devletlerin iç hukuklarında terör örgütü olarak listelenmesi Uluslararası Kızılhaç Komitesi’nin ortak 3’üncü Maddede öngörülen işlevi açısından zorluklar doğurmaktadır. Makalede Uluslararası Kızılhaç Komitesi’nin devlet-dışı silahlı gruplarla angajmanına ilişkin yaklaşımı ve karşılaştığı zorluklara ilişkin nedenler değerlendirilmektedir.

References

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  • MELZER, Nils, Interpretive guidance on the notion of direct participation in hostilities under international humanitarian law, ICRC, 2009. http://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/other/icrc-
  • ÖKTEM, Emre, Terörizm, İnsancıl Hukuk ve İnsan Hakları, Derin Yayınları, İstanbul, 2007.
  • PARKS, W. Hays, “Part IX of the ICRC “Direct Participation In Hostilities” Study: No Mandate, No Expertise, and Legally Incorrect”, NYU Journal of International Law and Politics, Vol. 42, 2010, ss. 769-830.
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  • SANDOZ, Yves /Christophe SWINARSKI/Bruno ZIMMERMANN, Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, ICRC, Geneva, 1987.
  • SCHMITT, Michael, “The Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities: A Critical Analysis”, Harvard National Security Journal, Vol. 1, 2010, ss. 5-44.
  • TAŞDEMİR, Fatma, Uluslararası Nitelikte Olmayan Silahlı Çatışmalar Hukuku, Adalet Yayınevi, Ankara, 2009.
  • TÜTÜNCÜ, Ayşe Nur, İnsancıl Hukuka Giriş, Beta, İstanbul, 2006.
  • VITE´, Sylvain, “Typology of armed conflicts in international humanitarian law: legal concepts and actual Situations”, International Review of the Red Cross, Volume 91 Number 873 March 2009.
  • WATKIN, Kenneth, "Opportunity Lost: Organised Armed Groups and the ICRC 'Direct Participation in Hostilities' Interpretive Guide", NYU Journal of International Law and Politics, 2010, ss. 641-693.
Year 2021, Volume: 27 Issue: 1, 48 - 63, 30.06.2021
https://doi.org/10.33433/maruhad.896749

Abstract

References

  • 31st International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent, “International Humanitarian Law and the Challenge of Contemporary Armed Conflicts”, ICRC Report, 2011. ttps://www.icrc.org/en/doc/assets/files/red-cross-crescent-movement/31st-international-conference/31-int-conference-ihl-challenges-report-11-5-1-2-en.pdf. (13.03.2021)
  • BATUR YAMANER, Melike et al., 12 Ağustos 1949 Tarihli Cenevre Sözleşmeleri ve Ek Protokolleri, Galatasaray Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Yayını 42, İstanbul.
  • BOOTHBY, Bill, "'And For Such Time As': The Time Dimensions to Direct Participation in Hostilities", NYU Journal of International Law and Politics, 2010, ss. 741-768.
  • BOSCH, Shannon, “The International Humanitarian Law Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities – A Review of the ICRC Interpretive Guide and Subsequent Debate”, PER / PELJ, Vol. 17, No 3, 2014, ss. 999-1046.
  • HENCKAERTS, Jean-Marie ve Louise DOSWALD-BECK, Uluslararası İnsancıl Teamül (Örf-Adet) Hukuku, Cilt I: Kurallar, (çev) A. Emre ÖKTEM et al., Galatasaray Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Yayınları 66, İstanbul, 2005.
  • ICRC Engagement with Non-State Armed Groups: Why, how, for what purpose, and other salient issues ICRC Position Paper, March 2021. https://www.icrc.org/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/Activities/Humanitarian-diplomacy/icrc_engagement_with_non-state_armed_groups_position_paper.pdf. (13.03.2021)
  • ICRC, Commentary on the First Geneva Convention: Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field, 2nd edition, 2016, https://ihl-databases.icrc.org/ihl/full/GCI-commentary. (13.03.2021) International Criminal Court (ICC), Elements of Crimes, 2011, https://asp.icc-cpi.int/iccdocs/asp_docs/Publications/Compendium/ElementsOfCrime-ENG.pdf. (13.03.2021)
  • KURTDARCAN, Bleda Rıza, Muharebe Alanının Yeni Aktörleri: Askeri Yükleniciler, Beta, İstanbul, 2017.
  • LAWAND, Kathleen, Interview - What is a non-international armed conflict?, https://www.icrc.org/en/doc/resources/documents/interview/2012/12-10-niac-non-international-armed-conflict.htm. (13.03.2021)
  • MELZER, Nils, "Keeping the Balance Between Military Necessity and Humanity: A Response to Four Critiques of the ICRC's Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities", NYU Journal of International Law and Politics, 2010, ss. 831-916.
  • MELZER, Nils, Interpretive guidance on the notion of direct participation in hostilities under international humanitarian law, ICRC, 2009. http://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/other/icrc-
  • ÖKTEM, Emre, Terörizm, İnsancıl Hukuk ve İnsan Hakları, Derin Yayınları, İstanbul, 2007.
  • PARKS, W. Hays, “Part IX of the ICRC “Direct Participation In Hostilities” Study: No Mandate, No Expertise, and Legally Incorrect”, NYU Journal of International Law and Politics, Vol. 42, 2010, ss. 769-830.
  • PICTET, Jean S. (Ed.), Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field. Geneva, 12 August 1949, Commentary, Geneva, 1952.
  • SANDOZ, Yves /Christophe SWINARSKI/Bruno ZIMMERMANN, Commentary on the Additional Protocols of 8 June 1977 to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, ICRC, Geneva, 1987.
  • SCHMITT, Michael, “The Interpretive Guidance on the Notion of Direct Participation in Hostilities: A Critical Analysis”, Harvard National Security Journal, Vol. 1, 2010, ss. 5-44.
  • TAŞDEMİR, Fatma, Uluslararası Nitelikte Olmayan Silahlı Çatışmalar Hukuku, Adalet Yayınevi, Ankara, 2009.
  • TÜTÜNCÜ, Ayşe Nur, İnsancıl Hukuka Giriş, Beta, İstanbul, 2006.
  • VITE´, Sylvain, “Typology of armed conflicts in international humanitarian law: legal concepts and actual Situations”, International Review of the Red Cross, Volume 91 Number 873 March 2009.
  • WATKIN, Kenneth, "Opportunity Lost: Organised Armed Groups and the ICRC 'Direct Participation in Hostilities' Interpretive Guide", NYU Journal of International Law and Politics, 2010, ss. 641-693.
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Law in Context
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Meltem Sarıbeyoğlu Skalar 0000-0002-6534-503X

Publication Date June 30, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 27 Issue: 1

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