Fiqh madhahib came into life and expanded as civic realities in order to secure legal certitude. Whereas fatwa, as the organization of religiou-legal life, has continued to be an activity relying on one these madhahib due to the concern of mostly legal stability. This fact does not force a capable and astute mufti to always and in all occasions to follow his own madhhab and never leave out its working framework. Thus, the majority of fuqaha, though see it permissible to live according to a certain madhhab, do not think that it is an absolutely necessary religious duty to do so. A scholarly mufti who can comprehend the fiqh doctrine with its methods, principles and issues, depending on methodological and factual necessities, can either issue a fatwa by choosing one of the opinions within his own madhhab or give a fatwa by adopting an opinion outside his madhhab. Similarly, since it is allowed to benefit from the total fiqh heritage within the framework of methodological action and on principal grounds, one can also step out of the known four madhahib
Öz: Fıkhî mezhepler, hukuk emniyetini sağlamak amacıyla sivil birer gerçeklik olarak oluşmuş ve yayılmıştır. Dinî-hukukî hayatı tanzim eden fetvâ da daha çok hukukî istikrar endişesiyle bu mezheplerden birisine bağlı bir faaliyet olarak süre gelmiştir. Bu gerçek, ehliyetli ve dirayetli bir müftîyi, bağlı olduğu mezhebi her zaman ve durumda mutlaka iltizam etmek ve onun çerçevesinin dışına asla çıkmamak zorunda bırakmaz. Nitekim fakihlerin çoğunluğu, amelî hayatın belli bir mezhebe göre sürdürülmesini caiz görmekle birlikte, bunun mutlaka yerine getirilmesi gereken bir dinî gereklilik olmadığı kanaatindedir. Fıkıh doktrinini usûlü, ilkeleri ve furûuyla kavrayabilen âlim bir müftî, metodolojik ve olgusal gerekliliklere bağlı olarak, kendi mezhebi içindeki görüşlerden birisini tercihle fetvâ verebileceği gibi, kendi mezhebi dışında bir başka görüşü benimseyip onunla da fetvâ verebilecektir. Aynı minvalde, metodolojik bir tavır ve ilkesel bir yaklaşım çerçevesinde fıkıh mirasının bütününden faydalanmak mümkün olduğundan, bilinen dört mezhebin dışına da çıkabilecektir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Fetvâ, mezhep, telfîk, müftî.
Fatwa And Madhhab The Relation Between Fatwa and Madhhab as a Debated Subject of Fatwa Methodology and History
Abstract: Fiqh madhahib came into life and expanded as civic realities in order to secure legal certitude. Whereas fatwa, as the organization of religiou-legal life, has continued to be an activity relying on one these madhahib due to the concern of mostly legal stability. This fact does not force a capable and astute mufti to always and in all occasions to follow his own madhhab and never leave out its working framework. Thus, the majority of fuqaha, though see it permissible to live according to a certain madhhab, do not think that it is an absolutely necessary religious duty to do so. A scholarly mufti who can comprehend the fiqh doctrine with its methods, principles and issues, depending on methodological and factual necessities, can either issue a fatwa by choosing one of the opinions within his own madhhab or give a fatwa by adopting an opinion outside his madhhab. Similarly, since it is allowed to benefit from the total fiqh heritage within the framework of methodological action and on principal grounds, one can also step out of the known four madhahib.
Keywords: Fatwa, madhhab, compiling, mufti.
Primary Language | Turkish |
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Journal Section | Research Article |
Authors | |
Publication Date | September 15, 2015 |
Published in Issue | Year 2015 Volume: 48 Issue: 48 |
International Journal of Theological and Islamic Studies
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