SANAYİ 4.0: ÇEŞİTLİ ÜLKE ÖRNEKLERİ ÜZERİNDEN ULUSAL POLİTİKALARIN VE STRATEJİLERİN İNCELENMESİ

Abstract

Günümüzde teknolojik gelişmeler etki ve boyutlarıyla yeni bir sanayi devrimine zemin hazırlamış ve Sanayi 4.0 devrimine yönelik ülkelerin uyum ve dönüşüm ihtiyacı baş göstermiştir. Bu kapsamda Sanayi 4.0’a yönelik çeşitli politika ve stratejilerin ortaya konmasında ulusal çabaların ön plana çıktığı görülmektedir. Bu devrim, gelişmiş ve yeni sanayileşen ülkelerde dahil olmak üzere çeşitli zorlukları beraberinde getirmektedir. Dolayısıyla Sanayi 4.0’ın ulusal açıdan incelenmesi oldukça önemlidir. Bu çerçevede Sanayi 4.0’a yönelik çeşitli ülkelerin uyguladığı politika ve stratejilerin incelenmesi çalışmanın temel amacıdır. Bu amacı gerçekleştirmek için nicel yöntem kullanılmıştır. Nicel yöntem kapsamında saçılım grafikleri ve trend analizi tercih edilmiştir. Nicel analiz ise nitel verilerle desteklenmiştir. Çalışmada, nitel veriler arasında ülkelerin strateji belgeleri (ör. Made in China 2025, Türkiye Sanayi Stratejisi, Industrie 4.0), kalkınma planları, kamu politikası raporları ve akademik çalışmalar yer almaktadır. Nicel analiz için ise Geleceğe Hazırlık Ekonomik Endeks (FREI) skorları ile teknoloji skoru verileri kullanılmıştır. Bu veriler üzerinden ülke gruplarına göre sınıflandırma yapılmış ve FREI ile teknoloji skoru arasındaki ilişki grafiklerle desteklenerek yorumlanmıştır. Sanayi 4.0 devrimine yönelik çeşitli ülkelerdeki uygulamaların ortaya koyulmasıyla sürecin daha iyi anlaşılacağı ve değerlendirilebileceği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

• Sanayi 4.0
• Teknoloji
• Strateji
• Gelişme
• Dijitalleşme

INDUSTRY 4.0: AN EXAMINATION OF NATIONAL POLICIES AND STRATEGIES THROUGH VARIOUS COUNTRY CASES

Abstract

Today, technological developments—through their scope and impact—have laid the groundwork for a new industrial revolution, giving rise to the need for countries to adapt to and transform toward Industry 4.0. In this context, it is observed that national efforts have come to the fore in the formulation of various policies and strategies for Industry 4.0. This revolution brings with it a range of challenges, not only for developed countries but also for newly industrializing economies. Therefore, examining Industry 4.0 from a national perspective is of great importance. Within this framework, the main objective of the study is to analyze the policies and strategies implemented by various countries with regard to Industry 4.0. To achieve this objective, a quantitative method is employed. Within the scope of the quantitative method, scatter plots and trend analysis were employed, and the quantitative analysis is supported by qualitative data. The qualitative data used in the study include countries’ strategic documents (e.g., Made in China 2025, Turkey’s Industrial Strategy, Industrie 4.0), development plans, public policy reports, and academic studies. For the quantitative analysis, scores from the Future Readiness Economic Index (FREI) and technology score data are utilized. Based on these data, countries are classified into groups, and the relationship between FREI and technology scores is interpreted with the support of graphical representations. By presenting the practices adopted by various countries in relation to the Industry 4.0 revolution, it is expected that the process can be better understood and evaluated.

Keywords

• Industry 4.0
• Technology
• Strategy
• Development
• Digitalization

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