KADIN VE ERKEKLER AÇISINDAN ÖRGÜTSEL GÜÇ ARALIĞI

Year 2005, , 71 - 87, 10.06.2005

Güler İslamoğlu Deniz Borü

https://doi.org/10.14783/maruoneri.680753

Cited By: 1

Abstract

Kültürel bir değişken olan güç aralığı, otorite pozisyonundaki kişilerin sahip olması gereken güç konusundaki inancı göstermektedir [1J. Bireysel bir değişken olarak güç aralığı, kişilerin otorite ile olan ilişkilerini şekillendirmektedir. Geniş güç aralığında otoriteye itaat beklenirken, dar güç aralığında bireyler arasındaki eşitsizliğin giderilmesi istenir. Hofstede'ye göre, güç aralığının yüksek olduğu ülkelerde çalışanlar üstlerine karşı itaatkardırlar ve otoriter ve baba rolü oynayan liderleri tercih ettikleri gibi karar alınırken söz sahibi olmak istemezler [1], Buna karşın dar güç aralığına sahip çalışanlar ise yöneticilerinin bir karar verirken kendilerine danışmalarını isterler [2] ve önemli konularda görüşlerini iletmek amacıyla kendileri yöneticilerine yakınlaşma fırsatı yaratırlar. Örgütsel güç aralığı her zaman çalışanların tercih ettikleri düzeyde değildir. Zira, güç aralığı, hem örgütte var olduğu şekli ve kişilerin tercihleri açısından, hem de cinsiyet açısından farklı anlam taşımaktadır. Ancak örgütteki güç aralığı ne kadar çalışanların güç aralığı tercihlerine yakınsa, birey örgüt bütünleşmesi o derece yüksek olacaktır. Bu çalışmada, örgütsel güç aralığı tanımlaması yapılarak kadın ve erkekler açısından farklılıklar ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Sonuçlar güç aralığının örgütsel ve birey düzeyinde farklı algılandığını, cinsiyet açısından anlamlı farklılıkların olduğunu göstermiştir.

Keywords

Güç Aralığı

References

• [1] Hofstede, G.H. (1980). Culture's consequences: International differences in work-related values. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
• [2] Lam, S.S.K.; Schaubroeck, J. & Aryee, S. (2002). Relationship between organizational justice and employee work outcomes: a cross-national study. Journal of OrganizationalBehavior, 23(1), 1-18.
• [3] Trompenaars, F. (1993). Riding the Waves of Culture - Understanding Cultural Diversity in Business Great Britain: The Economist Books.
• [4] House, R.J.; Hanges, P.J.; Ruiz-Quintanilla, S.A.; Dorfman, P.W.; Javidan, M. & Dickson, M.W. (1999). Cultural influences on leadership: Project GLOBE, In W. Mobley, J. Gessner, & V. Amold (Eds.). Advances in global leadership. 1, 171-233. Stamford: JAI Press. In Bajdo, L.M. & Dickson, M.W. (2001). Perceptions of organizational culture and women's advancement in organizations: A cross-cultural examination, Sex Roles. Journal of Research, 45(5-6), 399-414.
• [5] Hofstede, G. (1994). Cultures and Organizations. Great Britain: Mc Graw Hill International.
• [6] Şişman, M. (2002). Örgütler ve Kültürler. Ankara: Pegem Yay.
• [7] Sargut, S. (1985). Kültürlerarası Farklılaşma ve Yönetim. Ankara: Verso Yay.
• [8] Alvesson, M. (1987). Cultural Perspectives on Organizations. Cambridge: Cambridge Uni. Pres.
• [9] Lord, R.G. & Maher, K.J. (1991). Leadership and information processing: Liııking perceptions and performance. Boston: Unwin Hyman. In Bajdo, L.M. & Dickson, M.W. (2001). Perceptions of organizational culture and women's advancement in organizations: A cross-cultural examination, Sex Roles. Journal of Research, 45(5-6), 399-414.
• [10] Marshall, J. (1993). Organizational cultures and women managers: Exploring the dynamics of resilience. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 42(4), 313-322.
• [11] Mills, A.J. (1988). Organization, gender and culture. Organization Studies, 9(3), 351-369.
• [12] Klenke, K. (1996). Women and leadership: A contextual perspective. New York: Springer. In Bajdo, L.M. & Dickson, M.W. (2001). Perceptions of organizational culture and women's advancement in organizations: A cross-cultural examination, Sex Roles. Journal of Research, 45(5-6), 399-414.
• [13] Connelly, M. & Rhoton, P. (1988). Women in direct sales: A comparison of Mary Kay and Amvvay sales workers (Eds. Statham, A.; Miller, E.M. & Mauksch, H.O.). The worth of women's work, A qualitative synthesis. New York: State University of New York Press. In Bajdo, L.M. & Dickson, M.W. (2001). Perceptions of organizational culture and women's advancement in organizations: A cross-cultural examination, Sex Roles. Journal of Research, 45(5-6), 399-414.
• [14] Helgesen, S. (1990). The female advantage: Women's ways of leadership. New York: Doubleday. In Bajdo, L.M. & Dickson, M.W. (2001). Perceptions of organizational culture and women's advancement in organizations: A cross-cultural examination, Sex Roles. Journal of Research, 45(5-6), 399-414.
• [15] Schein, E.H. (1981). Does Japanese Management Style Have a Massage for American Managers? Sloan Management Review, 23(1), 55-68
• [16] Grant, J. (1988). Women as managers: What they can offer to organizations. Organizational Dynamics, 16(3), 56-63.
• [17] Rosener, J.B. (1990). Ways women lead. Harvard Business Review, 68, 119-125.
• [18] Loring, R. & Wells, T. (1972). Breakthrough: Women into management. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold. In Bajdo, L.M. & Dickson, M.W. (2001). Perceptions of organizational culture and women's advancement in organizations: A cross-cultural examination, Sex Roles. Journal of Research, 45(5-6), 399-414.
• [19] Powell, G.N. (1993). Women & men in management. Newbury Park: Sage. Jn Bajdo, L.M. & Dickson, M.W. (2001). Perceptions of organizational culture and women's advancement in organizations: A cross-cultural examination, Sex Roles. Journal of Research, 45(5-6), 399-414.
• [20] Guerra, N.G.; Huesmannn, L.R. & Hanish, L. (1995). The role of normative beliefs in children's social behavior. Review of Personality and Social Psychology, 15, 140-158.
• [21] Cross, S.E. & Madison, L. (1997). Models of the self: Self-construals and gender. Psychological Bulletin, 122, 5-37.
• [22] Hoffmann, L.W (1977). Changes in family roles, socialization and sex differences. American Psychologist, 42, 644-657.
• [23] Chodorovv, N. (1978). The reproduction of mothering. Berkeley: University of California Press. In Bajdo, L.M. & Dickson, M.W. (2001). Perceptions of organizational culture and women's advancement in organizations: A cross-cultural examination, Sex Roles. Journal of Research, 45(5-6), 399-414.
• [23] Whitting, B. & Edvvards, C.P. (1973). Across cultural analysis of sex differences in the behavior of children aged 3 through 11. The Journal of Social Psychology, 91, 171- 188.
• [24] Gilligan, C. (1982). In a different voice: Psychological theory and the women's movement. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
• [25] Stimpson, D.; Neff, W.; Jensen, L.C. & Nevvby, T. (1991). The caring morality and gender differences. Psychological Reports, 69, 407-414.
• [26] Skoe, E.E, Pratt, M.W., Matthevvs, M. & Curror, S.E. (1996). The ethic of çare: Stability över time, gender differences and correlates in mid-to-late adulthood. Psychology and Aging, 11 (2), 280-292.
• [27] Segal, A. T. & Zellner, W. (1992). Corporate women: Progress? Sure. But the playing field is far from level. Business Week, 3269, 74-79.
• [28] Lyness, K.S. & Thompson, D.E. (2000). Climbing the corporate ladder: Do female and male executives follow the same route? Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(1), 86- 101.
• [29] Hofstede, G. (1997). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. New York: McGraw-Hill. In Sims, R.L. & Gegez, A.E. (2004). Attitudes Towards Business Ethics: A Five Nation Comparative Study. Journal of Business Ethics, 50(3), 253-265.
• [30] Korman, A.K. (1970). Toward a hypothesis of work behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 54, 31-41.
• [31] Kipnis, D. & Lane, W.P. (1962). Self-confıdenceand leadership. Journal of Applied Psychology, 46, 291-295.
• [32] Kabasakal, H. & Bodur, M. (1998). Leadership, Values and Institutions: The Case of Turkey. Research Paper. İstanbul: Boğaziçi University.
• [33] Ronen, S. (1986). Comparative and Multinational Management. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
• [34] Trompenaars, F. & Hampden-Turner, C. (1998). Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Cultural Diversity in Global Business. 2nd Ed., New York: McGraw-Hill.
• [35] Kanungo, R.N. & Ayçan, Z. (1997). Organizational Cultures and Human Resource Practices from a Cross-cultural Perspective. Symposium conducted at the Canadian Psychological Association Annual Conference, Toronto.
• [36] Tyler, T.R.; Linda, E.A. & Hou, Y. (1995). Culture, Ethnicity and Authority: Social Categorization and Social Orientation Effects on Psychological Dynamics of the group-value-model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 913-930.
• [37] James, K. (1992). The Social Context Of Organizational Justice: Cultural, Intergroup And Structural Effects On Justice Behaviors and Perceptions. (Ed. Cropanzano R.) Justice in Workplace. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum.
• [38] Schermerhom, J.R. & Bond, M.H. (1997). Cross-Cultural Leadership dynamics in collectivism and high power distance settings. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 18(4), 187-200.